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Mehta P, Sharma M, Devi M. Hydrogels: An overview of its classifications, properties, and applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106145. [PMID: 37797557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The review paper starts with the introduction to hydrogels along with broad literature survey covering different modes of synthesis including high energy radiation methods. After that, paper covered broad classification of the hydrogels depending upon the basis of their source of origin, method of synthesis, type of cross-linking present and ionic charges on bound groups. Another advanced category response triggered hydrogels, which includes pH, temperature, electro, and light and substrate responsive hydrogels was also studied. Presented paper summarises chemical structure, properties, and synthesis of different kinds of hydrogels. Main focus was given to the preparation super absorbents such as: Semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPNs), Interpenetrating networks (IPNs) and cross-linked binary graft copolymers (BGCPs). The weak mechanical properties and easy degradation limit the uses of bio-based -hydrogels in biomedical field. Their properties can be improved through different chemical and physical methods. These methods were also discussed in the current research paper. Also, it includes development of hydrogels as controlled drug delivery devices, as implants and biomaterials to replace malfunctioned body parts along with their use in several other applications listed in the literature. Literature survey on the application of hydrogels in different fields like biomedical, nano-biotechnology, tissue engineering, drug delivery and agriculture was also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Mehta
- Department of Applied Sciences, CEC-Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India.
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Applied Sciences, CEC-Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India.
| | - Meena Devi
- Department of Applied Sciences, CEC-Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India.
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Guembe-García M, Peredo-Guzmán PD, Santaolalla-García V, Moradillo-Renuncio N, Ibeas S, Mendía A, García FC, García JM, Vallejos S. Why is the Sensory Response of Organic Probes within a Polymer Film Different in Solution and in the Solid-State? Evidence and Application to the Detection of Amino Acids in Human Chronic Wounds. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1249. [PMID: 32486091 PMCID: PMC7362178 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We anchored a colourimetric probe, comprising a complex containing copper (Cu(II)) and a dye, to a polymer matrix obtaining film-shaped chemosensors with induced selectivity toward glycine. This sensory material is exploited in the selectivity detection of glycine in complex mixtures of amino acids mimicking elastin, collagen and epidermis, and also in following the protease activity in a beefsteak and chronic human wounds. We use the term inducing because the probe in solution is not selective toward any amino acid and we get selectivity toward glycine using the solid-state. Overall, we found that the chemical behaviour of a chemical probe can be entirely changed by changing its chemical environment. Regarding its behaviour in solution, this change has been achieved by isolating the probe by anchoring the motifs in a polymer matrix, in an amorphous state, avoiding the interaction of one sensory motif with another. Moreover, this selectivity change can be further tuned because of the effectiveness of the transport of targets both by the physical nature of the interface of the polymer matrix/solution, where the target chemicals are dissolved, for instance, and inside the matrix where the recognition takes place. The interest in chronic human wounds is related to the fact that our methods are rapid and inexpensive, and also considering that the protease activity can correlate with the evolution of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Guembe-García
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (P.D.P.-G.); (S.I.); (A.M.); (F.C.G.)
| | - Patricia D. Peredo-Guzmán
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (P.D.P.-G.); (S.I.); (A.M.); (F.C.G.)
| | | | | | - Saturnino Ibeas
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (P.D.P.-G.); (S.I.); (A.M.); (F.C.G.)
| | - Aranzazu Mendía
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (P.D.P.-G.); (S.I.); (A.M.); (F.C.G.)
| | - Félix Clemente García
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (P.D.P.-G.); (S.I.); (A.M.); (F.C.G.)
| | - José Miguel García
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (P.D.P.-G.); (S.I.); (A.M.); (F.C.G.)
| | - Saúl Vallejos
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (P.D.P.-G.); (S.I.); (A.M.); (F.C.G.)
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Oshchepkova MV, Oshchepkov MS, Fedorova OA, Fedorov YV, Lozinskii VI. New copolymer gels based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide and crown-containing allyl derivative of 1,8-naphthalimide as optical sensors for metal cations in an organic medium. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501617100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jiang H, Zhang G, Li F, Zhang Y, Lei Y, Xia Y, Jin X, Feng X, Li H. A self-healable and tough nanocomposite hydrogel crosslinked by novel ultrasmall aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:15470-15476. [PMID: 28976516 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04722c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing hydrogels like tissues or organs which are repaired automatically in response to damage show great promise. However, it remains a challenge to develop novel functional nanoparticles as crosslinkers to prepare tough and self-healing nanocomposite hydrogels. Here, we report the preparation of water-soluble ultrasmall aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 2-3 nm through a simple sol-gel method. Furthermore, a tough nanocomposite hydrogel is prepared by the in situ copolymerization of acylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid in the presence of aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles. The resulting hydrogels exhibit high compressive strength of 18.9 MPa and an elongation at break of ∼2100%. Importantly, the Al-NC gel displayed a high self-healing efficiency of 86% without any external stimulus at room temperature. Moreover, we found an interesting multi-hierarchical porous morphology of the Al-NC gel depending on the contents of the aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles. The tough nanocomposite hydrogel might provide a novel promising avenue for designing advanced self-healable soft materials for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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Mateescu A, Wang Y, Dostalek J, Jonas U. Thin hydrogel films for optical biosensor applications. MEMBRANES 2012; 2:40-69. [PMID: 24957962 PMCID: PMC4021880 DOI: 10.3390/membranes2010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel materials consisting of water-swollen polymer networks exhibit a large number of specific properties highly attractive for a variety of optical biosensor applications. This properties profile embraces the aqueous swelling medium as the basis of biocompatibility, non-fouling behavior, and being not cell toxic, while providing high optical quality and transparency. The present review focuses on some of the most interesting aspects of surface-attached hydrogel films as active binding matrices in optical biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance and optical waveguide mode spectroscopy. In particular, the chemical nature, specific properties, and applications of such hydrogel surface architectures for highly sensitive affinity biosensors based on evanescent wave optics are discussed. The specific class of responsive hydrogel systems, which can change their physical state in response to externally applied stimuli, have found large interest as sophisticated materials that provide a complex behavior to hydrogel-based sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Mateescu
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Bio-Organic Materials Chemistry Laboratory (BOMCLab), Nikolaou Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece.
| | - Yi Wang
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse 11, Vienna 1190, Austria.
| | - Jakub Dostalek
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Muthgasse 11, Vienna 1190, Austria.
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Bio-Organic Materials Chemistry Laboratory (BOMCLab), Nikolaou Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece.
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Morimoto N, Ohki T, Kurita K, Akiyoshi K. Thermo-Responsive Hydrogels with Nanodomains: Rapid Shrinking of a Nanogel-Crosslinking Hydrogel of Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide). Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
The evanescent wave (EW) component of light propagated via fiber-optic wave-guides can be used to both sense and transmit information regarding the immediate environment of the fiber's surface. In this article, an outline of the theoretical and practical aspects of this emerging methodology is given, as well as a discussion of the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of the technique. Examples are given of how EW spectroscopy may be used in the analysis of pharmaceutical systems. Evaluation of attributes of components of EW spectroscopy allows prediction of the future for this rapidly evolving area of photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Squillante
- Department of Pharmacy and Administrative Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York 11439, USA
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