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Willems PHGM, Pahle J, Stalpers XL, Mugahid D, Nikolaew A, Koopman WJH, Kummer U. PKC-mediated inhibitory feedback of the cholecystokinin 1 receptor controls the shape of oscillatory Ca2+signals. FEBS J 2015; 282:2187-201. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. G. M. Willems
- Department of Biochemistry; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Centre for Systems Biology and Bioenergetics; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Pahle
- BIOMS; BioQuant; Heidelberg University; Germany
- School of Computer Science; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; UK
| | - Xenia L. Stalpers
- Department of Biochemistry; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Centre for Systems Biology and Bioenergetics; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Douaa Mugahid
- Department of Modelling of Biological Processes; COS Heidelberg/BioQuant; Heidelberg University; Germany
| | - Alexander Nikolaew
- Department of Modelling of Biological Processes; COS Heidelberg/BioQuant; Heidelberg University; Germany
| | - Werner J. H. Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Centre for Systems Biology and Bioenergetics; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Department of Modelling of Biological Processes; COS Heidelberg/BioQuant; Heidelberg University; Germany
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McCormack K. A New Perspective on Signal Transduction in Neuropathic Pain The Emerging Role of the G Protein By Dimer in Transducing and Modulating Opioid Signaling. Pain 2003. [DOI: 10.1201/9780203911259.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gukovskaya AS, Gukovsky I, Jung Y, Mouria M, Pandol SJ. Cholecystokinin induces caspase activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic acinar cells. Roles in cell injury processes of pancreatitis. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:22595-604. [PMID: 11964411 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m202929200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and necrosis are critical parameters of pancreatitis, the mechanisms of which remain unknown. Many characteristics of pancreatitis can be studied in vitro in pancreatic acini treated with high doses of cholecystokinin (CCK). We show here that CCK stimulates apoptosis and death signaling pathways in rat pancreatic acinar cells, including caspase activation, cytochrome c release, and mitochondrial depolarization. The mitochondrial dysfunction is mediated by upstream caspases (possibly caspase-8) and, in turn, leads to activation of caspase-3. CCK causes mitochondrial alterations through both permeability transition pore-dependent (cytochrome c release) and permeability transition pore-independent (mitochondrial depolarization) mechanisms. Caspase activation and mitochondrial alterations also occur in untreated pancreatic acinar cells; however, the underlying mechanisms are different. In particular, caspases protect untreated acinar cells from mitochondrial damage. We found that caspases not only mediate apoptosis but also regulate other parameters of CCK-induced acinar cell injury that are characteristic of pancreatitis; in particular, caspases negatively regulate necrosis and trypsin activation in acinar cells. The results suggest that the observed signaling pathways regulate parenchymal cell injury and death in CCK-induced pancreatitis. Protection against necrosis and trypsin activation by caspases can explain why the severity of pancreatitis in experimental models correlates inversely with the extent of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Gukovskaya
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and the UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA.
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Breitwieser GE, Gama L. Calcium-sensing receptor activation induces intracellular calcium oscillations. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2001; 280:C1412-21. [PMID: 11350736 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.2001.280.6.c1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone secretion is exquisitely sensitive to small changes in serum Ca2+concentration, and these responses are transduced via the Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaR). We utilized heterologous expression in HEK-293 cells to determine the effects of small, physiologically relevant perturbations in extracellular Ca2+ on CaR signaling via phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C, using changes in fura 2 fluorescence to quantify intracellular Ca2+. Chronic exposure of CaR-transfected cells to Ca2+ in the range from 0.5 to 3 mM modulated the resting intracellular Ca2+concentration and the subsequent cellular responses to acute extracellular Ca2+ perturbations but had no effect on thapsigargin-sensitive Ca2+ stores. Modest, physiologically relevant increases in extracellular Ca2+concentration (0.5 mM increments) caused sustained (30–40 min) low-frequency oscillations of intracellular Ca2+ (∼45 s peak to peak interval). Oscillations were eliminated by 1 μM thapsigargin but were insensitive to protein kinase inhibitors (staurosporine, KN-93, or bisindolylmaleimide I). Staurosporine did increase the fraction of cells oscillating at a given extracellular Ca2+ concentration. Serum Ca2+ concentrations thus chronically regulate cells expressing CaR, and small perturbations in extracellular Ca2+ alter both resting intracellular Ca2+ as well as Ca2+ dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Breitwieser
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Trulsson LM, Svanvik J, Permert J, Gasslander T. Cholecystokinin octapeptide induces both proliferation and apoptosis in the rat pancreas. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2001; 98:41-8. [PMID: 11179777 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(00)00223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) causes exocrine pancreatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. High doses of the CCK analogue cerulein causes necrosis and an inflammatory response in the pancreas. We have studied the pancreatic growth response in rats after administration of CCK-8 for 3 days, given either intermittently (20-80 microg/kg) twice a day, or continuously (2.4-48 microg/kg per 24 h). Plasma CCK-8 levels, pancreatic wet weight, water, protein and DNA contents and the pancreatic caspase-3 activity were measured. Cell proliferation was visualized by [3H]thymidine incorporation and apoptosis by TUNEL reaction. Continuous administration of CCK-8 dose-dependently increased the plasma CCK levels, the pancreatic wet weight, protein and DNA contents as well as thymidine labeling index, apoptotic index and caspase-3 activity. Intermittent injections of CCK-8 caused transient raises in plasma CCK, increased apoptotic index and caspase-3 activity, a dose-dependent increase in thymidine labeling but caused a dose-dependent reduction of pancreatic wet weight, protein, and DNA contents. It is concluded that CCK-8 causes both increased proliferation and apoptosis in the pancreas. In case of continuous administration of CCK-8, the proliferation outweighs the apoptosis causing hyperplasia but in the case of intermittent administration the opposite effect is seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Trulsson
- Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Hospital, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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Smeets RL, Fouraux MA, van Emst-de Vries SE, De Pont JJ, Willems PH. Protein kinase C-mediated inhibition of transmembrane signalling through CCK(A) and CCK(B) receptors. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 123:1189-97. [PMID: 9559904 PMCID: PMC1565266 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The rat CCK(A) and CCK(B) receptors were stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-09) cells in order to compare modes of signal transduction and effects of protein kinase C (PKC) thereupon. 2. Spectrofluorophotometry of Fura-2-loaded cells revealed that both receptors retained their pharmacological characteristics following expression in CHO cells. Sulphated cholecystokinin-(26-33)-peptide amide (CCK-8-S) increased the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in CCK(A) cells, measured as an increase in Fura-2 fluorescence emission ratio, 1000 fold more potently than its non-sulphated form (CCK-8-NS) (EC50 values of 0.19 nM and 0.18 microM, respectively). By contrast, CCK-8-S and CCK-8-NS were equally potent in CCK(B) cells (EC50 values of 0.86 nM and 1.18 nM, respectively). The CCK(A) receptor agonist JMV-180 increased [Ca2+]i only in CCK(A) cells. Likewise, pentagastrin increased [Ca2+]i only in CCK(B) cells. Finally, CCK-8-S-induced Ca2+ signalling through the CCK(A) receptor was most potently inhibited by the CCK(A) receptor antagonist L364,718, whereas the CCK(B) receptor antagonist L365,260 was more potent in CCK(B) cells. 3. Receptor-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase was measured in the presence of the inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. CCK-8-S and, to a lesser extent, CCK-8-NS, but not JMV-180 or pentagastrin, stimulated the accumulation of cyclicAMP in CCK(A) cells. By contrast, none of these agonists increased cyclicAMP in CCK(B) cells. 4. Short-term (3 min) pretreatment with the PKC activator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) evoked a rightward shift of the dose-response curve for the Ca2+ mobilizing effect of CCK-8-S in both cell lines. In addition, short-term TPA pretreatment markedly reduced CCK-8-S-induced cyclicAMP accumulation in CCK(A) cells. In both cases, the inhibitory effect of TPA was abolished by the PKC inhibitors, GF-109203X and staurosporine, whereas no inhibition was observed with the inactive phorbol ester, 4-alpha-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. 5. During prolonged TPA treatment, the cells gradually recovered from phorbol ester inhibition and in the case of CCK-8-S-induced Ca2+ mobilization complete recovery was achieved after 24 h of TPA treatment. Western blot analysis revealed that this recovery was paralleled by down-regulation of PKC-alpha, suggesting the involvement of this PKC isotype in the inhibitory action of TPA. 6. This study demonstrates that following expression in CHO cells (i) both CCK(A) and CCK(B) receptors are coupled to Ca2+ mobilization, (ii) only CCK(A) receptors are coupled to cyclicAMP formation and (iii) with both receptors signalling is inhibited by PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Smeets
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Smeets RL, IJzerman AP, Hermsen HP, Ophorst OJ, Van Emst-de Vries SE, De Pont JJ, Willems PH. Mutational analysis of the putative devazepide binding site of the CCK(A) receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 325:93-9. [PMID: 9151944 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)00106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently a molecular model was proposed for the binding site of the antagonist 3S(-)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-yl) -1H-indole-2-carboxamide (devazepide) on the cholecystokinin-A (CCK(A)) receptor (Van der Bent et al., 1994. Drug Design Discov. 12, 129-148). Fifteen amino acids were identified, including hydrophilic ones such as Ser139, Asn349 and Ser379, that might interact with the carboxamide moiety in devazepide. To provide mutational evidence for this model, wild-type and mutant receptors (S139A, N349A and S379A) were transiently expressed and compared with respect to the ability of devazepide to inhibit binding of radiolabelled cholecystokinin-(26-33)-peptide amide (CCK-8) and CCK-8-evoked Ca2+ mobilization. The data presented suggest the involvement of the three residues in antagonist binding, although to a different extent. However, it does not seem likely that hydrogen bonds are the driving force in view of the relatively minor changes in receptor affinity and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Smeets
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Terzian AR, Zhang X, Rubin RP. Differential modulation of protein kinase C isozymes in rat parotid acinar cells. Relation to amylase secretion. Biochem Pharmacol 1996; 52:569-77. [PMID: 8759029 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(96)00308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the expression, distribution, and activation parameters of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in isolated rat parotid acinar cells. By analyzing cellular extracts by western blot analysis and for isozyme-specific RNA, the Ca(2+)-independent PKC-delta, -epsilon, and -zeta were detected in the cytosolic, particulate (plasma membrane), and nuclear fractions of unstimulated cells, whereas the Ca(2+)-dependent PKC-alpha was confined to the cytosolic and particulate fractions. The expressed isozymes showed distinct responses to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), thymeleatoxin, and cell surface receptor agonists with respect to translocation from cytosol to particulate fraction and nucleus, as well as sensitivity to down-regulation caused by prolonged exposure to PMA (3-20 hr). The marked susceptibility to down-regulation displayed by PKC-alpha and -delta was accompanied by an enhanced secretory response to norepinephrine as compared with control cells. Further, the selective PKC inhibitors Ro 31-8220 and CGP 41,251 also produced a concentration-dependent enhancement of norepinephrine-induced amylase secretion. Our findings suggest that PKC-alpha or -delta plays a negative modulatory role, rather than an obligatory role, in amylase secretion. Also, the localization and redistribution of PKC-epsilon and -delta to the nucleus by PKC activators imply that one or both of these isozymes may regulate such processes as cellular proliferation and/or differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Terzian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo 14214, USA
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Smeets RL, Garner KM, Hendriks M, van Emst-de Vries SE, Peacock MD, Hendriks W, de Pont JJ, Willems PH. Recovery from TPA inhibition of receptor-mediated Ca2+ mobilization is paralleled by down-regulation of protein kinase C-alpha in CHO cells expressing the CCK-A receptor. Cell Calcium 1996; 20:1-9. [PMID: 8864566 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4160(96)90045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Digital-imaging microscopy of Fura-2-loaded Chinese hamster ovary cells, stably expressing the cholecystokinin-A receptor, revealed that both the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCKB) and its analogue JMV-180, which acts as an agonist at the high-affinity CCK-A receptor, recruited CHO-CCK-A cells dose-dependently in terms of receptor-mediated Ca2+ mobilization. Agonist-evoked cell recruitment was inhibited by short-term (10 min) pretreatment with 0.1 microM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). In the case of CCKB, inhibition was overcome with increasing of the hormone concentration. In contrast, increasing of the JMV-180 concentration did not reverse the inhibitory action of TPA. CHO-CCK-A cells gradually regained their responsiveness to JMV-180 during prolonged TPA pretreatment. Complete recovery was observed within 1 h following addition of TPA. Western blot analysis using antibodies directed against the various PKC isotypes revealed that recovery was paralleled by the disappearance of PKC-alpha. Surprisingly, short-term (10 min) TPA pretreatment virtually completely inhibited the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] in response to CCKB concentrations at which the effect on cell recruitment was not affected by short term phorbol ester pretreatment. Together with the finding that JMV-180 does not detectably increase the cellular Ins(1,4,5)P3 content, this suggests a large overproduction of this second messenger by CCKB concentrations supramaximal in terms of cell recruitment. Again, full responsiveness was observed after long term TPA pretreatment. The present observations are in agreement with the idea that in CHO-CCK-A cells activation of PKC-alpha leads to inhibition of agonist-evoked Ca2+ mobilization through inhibition of receptor-stimulated Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Smeets
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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