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Liu JYH, Deng Y, Hui JCM, Du P, Ng HSH, Lu Z, Yang L, Liu L, Khalid A, Ngan MP, Cui D, Jiang B, Chan SW, Rudd JA. Regional differences of tachykinin effects on smooth muscle and pacemaker potentials of the stomach, duodenum, ileum and colon of an emetic model, the house musk shrews. Neuropeptides 2023; 97:102300. [PMID: 36370658 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The contractile effects of tachykinins on the gastrointestinal tract are well-known, but how they modulate slow-waves, particularly in species capable of emesis, remains largely unknown. We aimed to elucidate the effects of tachykinins on myoelectric and contractile activity of isolated gastrointestinal tissues of the Suncus murinus. METHODS The effects of substance P (SP), neurokinin (NK)A, NKB and selective NK1 (CP122,721, CP99,994), NK2 (SR48,968, GR159,897) and NK3 (SB218,795, SB222,200) receptor antagonists on isolated stomach, duodenum, ileum and colon segments were studied. Mechanical contractile activity was recorded using isometric force displacement transducers. Electrical pacemaker activity was recorded using a microelectrode array. RESULTS Compared with NKA, SP induced larger contractions in stomach tissue and smaller contractions in intestinal segments, where oscillation magnitudes increased in intestinal segments, but not the stomach. CP122,721 and GR159,897 inhibited electrical field stimulation-induced contractions of the stomach, ileum and colon. NKB and NK3 had minor effects on contractile activity. The inhibitory potencies of SP and NKA on the peristaltic frequency of the colon and ileum, respectively, were correlated with those on electrical pacemaker frequency. SP, NKA and NKB inhibited pacemaker activity of the duodenum and ileum, but increased that of the stomach and colon. SP elicited a dose-dependent contradictive pacemaker frequency response in the colon. CONCLUSION This study revealed distinct effects of tachykinins on the mechanical and electrical properties of the stomach and colon vs. the proximal intestine, providing a unique aspect on neuromuscular correlation in terms of the effects of tachykinin on peristaltic and pacemaker activity in gastrointestinal-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y H Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
| | - Yingyi Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Jessica C M Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Peng Du
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Heidi S H Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Zengbing Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Lingqing Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Luping Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Aleena Khalid
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - M P Ngan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Dexuan Cui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - Bin Jiang
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - S W Chan
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
| | - John A Rudd
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China
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Chetty N, Irving HR, Coupar IM. Activation of 5-HT3 receptors in the rat and mouse intestinal tract: a comparative study. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 148:1012-21. [PMID: 16770318 PMCID: PMC1751933 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of 5-HT(3) receptor functional distribution in both the rat and mouse intestinal tract. 5-HT(3A-S) receptor splice variant mRNA was expressed throughout the intestine of the rat and mouse; the 5-HT(3A-L) variant being more common in the rat.5-HT, m-CPB, 1-PBG and 2-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (2m5-HT) induced contraction in the jejunum, ileum, proximal colon and distal colon of the rat (pEC(50) range: 2m5-HT, 5.86+/-0.40 to m-CPB, 7.47+/-0.27) and mouse (pEC(50) range: 1-PBG, 5.34+/-0.06 to m-CPB, 6.49+/-0.14) in the presence of nontarget 5-HT receptor antagonists, methysergide (1 muM) and GR125487 (0.1 microM). The rank orders of potency in the four regions of the rat and mouse intestine were concordant with the accepted order and the responses to 5-HT were inhibited by ondansetron (0.1 microM).5-HT(3)-induced contractions to 5-HT were reduced by tetrodotoxin (1 microM). Pargyline (10 muM) and fluoxetine (1 microM) potentiated responses in the rat jejunum. Atropine (0.1 microM) potentiated 5-HT(3)-induced responses in the rat jejunum (E(max) 49-65%), but attenuated responses in most other regions of the rat and mouse (e.g. mouse ileum: E(max) 57-26%). In the rat jejunum, L-NAME (100 microM) mimicked the effect of atropine, hexamethonium (100 microM) suppressed 5-HT(3)-induced responses, but tachykinin receptor antagonists were without effect. It is concluded that functional 5-HT(3) receptors are present in nerves along the length of the rat and mouse intestinal tract. The mouse proximal colon was found to discriminate 5-HT(3) receptor agonist profiles better than any other region in the rat or mouse. The rat jejunum shows evidence of 5-HT uptake and inactivation processes as well as inhibitory nitrergic and nontachykinin excitatory pathways associated with the 5-HT(3)-induced response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navinisha Chetty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Helen R Irving
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ian M Coupar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Abstract
Tachykinins, of which substance P (SP) is the prototype, are neuropeptides which are widely distributed in the nervous systems. In the equine gut, SP is present in enteric nerves and is a powerful constrictor of enteric muscle; in other species, SP is also known to have potent vasodilatory and pro-inflammatory effects. The specific effects of SP are determined by the subtype of receptor present in the target tissue. There are 3 known subtypes of tachykinin receptors, distinguished by their relative affinities for SP and other tachykinins. The distribution of SP binding sites in the equine pelvic flexure was determined using 125I-Bolton Hunter SP (I-BHSP) autoradiography. Most I-BHSP binding sites were determined to be saturable and specific, therefore presumably representing tachykinin receptors. The greatest degree of I-BHSP binding occurred over very small vessels, and over the muscularis mucosae; I-BHSP binding was also intense over the circular muscle of the muscularis externa and mucosa, and present, although less intense, over the longitudinal muscle of the muscularis externa. Competition of I-BHSP with specific receptor agonists for binding sites in the equine pelvic flexure were used to determine the subtypes of tachykinin receptors present. The neurokinin-1 receptor subtype predominated in the equine pelvic flexure, followed by the neurokinin-3 receptor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Sonea
- Department of Anatomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Kuramoto H, Oomori Y, Murabayashi H, Kadowaki M, Karaki SI, Kuwahara A. Localization of neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) immunoreactivity in rat esophagus. J Comp Neurol 2004; 478:11-21. [PMID: 15334646 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present immunohistochemical study was to investigate the localization of neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) in rat esophagus and examine the relationship between NK1Rs and intrinsic cholinergic, nitrergic, or substance P (SP) neurons. NK1R immunoreactivity (IR) was observed on the nerve cell bodies in the myenteric ganglia throughout the esophagus, but not on striated muscles and smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosae. The frequency of occurrence of NK1R neurons was highest in the cervical esophagus and lowest in the lower thoracic esophagus. Considerable immunoreactivity was seen on the nerve cell surfaces and was also present in the cytoplasm of cell somas and in the initial part of the axons, but not in any other nerve fibers or terminals. Dogiel type I-like morphology was observed in some of the NK1R neurons; however, the majority exhibited polymorphic morphology. Double immunolabeling indicated that a majority (77%) of the NK1R neurons were immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), while a minority (23%) were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-IR. Most of the NK1R neurons (92%) were innervated by the SP nerve fibers. Triple immunolabeling indicated that 70% of the NK1R neurons were associated with intrinsic SP nerve fibers (without CGRP-IR), 59% were associated with extrinsic SP nerve fibers (with CGRP-IR), and 35% were associated with both intrinsic and extrinsic SP nerve fibers. These results suggest that SP/tachykinin released from the SP nerve fibers of intrinsic and/or extrinsic origin activates the predominantly intrinsic cholinergic neurons via NK1Rs to influence neuronal transmission or motility in rat esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Kuramoto
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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Julia V, Su X, Buéno L, Gebhart GF. Role of neurokinin 3 receptors on responses to colorectal distention in the rat: electrophysiological and behavioral studies. Gastroenterology 1999; 116:1124-31. [PMID: 10220504 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tachykinins contribute to the control of gastrointestinal motility and modulation of somatic and visceral pain. The role of neurokinin (NK) B and NK3 receptors in visceral pain and gastrointestinal disorders has not been determined. METHODS Using electromyographic recordings of both abdominal and colonic muscle and electrophysiological recordings of pelvic nerve afferent fibers, we studied drug effects on responses to colorectal distention. RESULTS In awake rats, intraperitoneal administration of the NK3-receptor antagonist SR 142,801 reduced, whereas the NK3-receptor agonist senktide increased, both the rectocolonic inhibitory reflex and abdominal contractions produced by colorectal distention. In contrast, intracerebroventricular administration of SR 142,801 increased the number of abdominal contractions without affecting the rectocolonic inhibitory reflex produced by colorectal distention. In a similar manner, intracerebroventricular injection of senktide diminished the number of abdominal contractions. In electrophysiological experiments, SR 142,801 decreased responses of pelvic nerve afferent fibers to colorectal distention. Responses of pelvic nerve fibers to urinary bladder distention, however, were unaffected by SR 142,801. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that peripheral NK3 receptors are involved in the mediation of both visceral nociception and gastrointestinal disorders. Also, central NK3 receptors seem to play a role in the modulation of visceral nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Julia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Holzer P, Holzer-Petsche U. Tachykinins in the gut. Part I. Expression, release and motor function. Pharmacol Ther 1997; 73:173-217. [PMID: 9175155 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(96)00195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The preprotachykinin-A gene-derived peptides substance P and neurokinin (NK) A are expressed in distinct neural pathways of the mammalian gut. When released from intrinsic enteric or extrinsic primary afferent neurons, tachykinins have the potential to influence both nerve and muscle by way of interaction with three different types of tachykinin receptor, termed NK1, NK2 and NK3 receptors. Most prominent among the effects of tachykinins is their excitatory action on gastrointestinal motor activity, which is seen in virtually all regions and layers of the mammalian gut. This action depends not only on a direct activation of the muscle through NK1 and/or NK2 receptors, but also on stimulation of excitatory enteric motor pathways through NK3 and/or NK1 receptors. In addition, tachykinins can inhibit motor activity by stimulating either inhibitory neuronal pathways or interrupting excitatory relays. A synopsis of the available data indicates that endogenous substance P and NKA interact with other enteric transmitters in the physiological control of gastrointestinal motor activity. Derangement of the regulatory roles of tachykinins may be a factor in the gastrointestinal dysmotility associated with infection, inflammation, stress and pain. In a therapeutic perspective, it would seem conceivable, therefore, that tachykinin agonists and antagonists are adjuncts to the treatment of motor disorders that involve pathological disturbances of the gastrointestinal tachykinin system.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Esophagus/metabolism
- Gastric Mucosa/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology
- Gastrointestinal Diseases/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology
- Humans
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Nerve Fibers/metabolism
- Neurokinin A/genetics
- Neurokinin A/metabolism
- Neurokinin A/physiology
- Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
- Neurons, Afferent/cytology
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/agonists
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Neurokinin-2/agonists
- Receptors, Neurokinin-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Neurokinin-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Neurokinin-3/agonists
- Receptors, Neurokinin-3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Neurokinin-3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Substance P/genetics
- Substance P/metabolism
- Substance P/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- P Holzer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Graz, Austria
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