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The Steric Effect in Green Benzylation of Arenes with Benzyl Alcohol Catalyzed by Hierarchical H-beta Zeolite. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades the steric effect was still ambiguously understood in catalytic benzylation reactions of arenes with benzyl alcohol, which limited the green synthesis of phenylmethane derivates in industrial scale. This research applies a series of silica–alumina beta zeolites to systematically evaluate factors like catalyst porosity, reactants molecule size, and reaction temperature on catalytic benzylation. First, a suitable hierarchical beta zeolite catalyst was screened out by X-ray powder diffraction, N2 adsorption−desorption, and probe benzylation with p-xylene. In the following substrates expanding study, for a typical benzylation of benzene, it showed extraordinary performance among literature reported ones that the conversion was 98% while selectivity was 90% at 353 K only after 10 min. The steric effect of aromatics with different molecular sizes on benzylation was observed. The reaction activities of four different aromatics followed the order: benzene > toluene > p-xylene > mesitylene. Combined with macroscopic kinetic analysis, this comprehensive study points out for the first time that the nature of this steric effect was dominated by the relative adsorption efficiency of different guest aromatic molecules on the host zeolite surface.
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Li B, Calemma V, Gambaro C, Baron GV, Denayer JFM. Competitive Adsorption of C20−C36 Linear Paraffins on the Amorphous Microporous Silica−Alumina ERS-8 in Vapor Phase and Liquid Phase. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie100728h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Li
- Dienst Chemische Ingenieurstechniek, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium, and Eni S.p.A., Divisione Refining & Marketing, Centro Ricerche di San Donato Milanese, Via Felice Maritano 26, I-20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calemma
- Dienst Chemische Ingenieurstechniek, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium, and Eni S.p.A., Divisione Refining & Marketing, Centro Ricerche di San Donato Milanese, Via Felice Maritano 26, I-20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Gambaro
- Dienst Chemische Ingenieurstechniek, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium, and Eni S.p.A., Divisione Refining & Marketing, Centro Ricerche di San Donato Milanese, Via Felice Maritano 26, I-20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
| | - Gino V. Baron
- Dienst Chemische Ingenieurstechniek, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium, and Eni S.p.A., Divisione Refining & Marketing, Centro Ricerche di San Donato Milanese, Via Felice Maritano 26, I-20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
| | - Joeri F. M. Denayer
- Dienst Chemische Ingenieurstechniek, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium, and Eni S.p.A., Divisione Refining & Marketing, Centro Ricerche di San Donato Milanese, Via Felice Maritano 26, I-20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
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Yu M, Falconer JL, Noble RD. Adsorption of liquid mixtures on silicalite-1 zeolite: a density-bottle method. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:7390-7. [PMID: 16042470 DOI: 10.1021/la050856n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A technique that measures the effective density of a zeolite after adsorption from the liquid phase was developed to measure the absolute amounts of liquid mixtures adsorbed on zeolites without using a nonadsorbing solvent. Since the fugacities of the adsorbing components in solution can be dramatically different with or without the addition of a nonadsorbing solvent, this technique measures mixture isotherms that can be used for analyzing pervaporation through zeolite membranes. A nonideal solution, methanol/acetone, was used as an example to show that its adsorption isotherms on silicalite-1 zeolite at 294 K differ dramatically from those measured with the nonadsorbing solvent method. The methanol/acetone fugacity ratio is different for the two methods because of different concentrations in the liquid phase. Methanol preferentially adsorbs on silicalite-1 at low methanol concentrations and acetone preferentially adsorbs at high methanol concentrations. The density bottle method was used to show that n-hexane preferentially adsorbs from n-hexane/3-methylpentane liquid mixtures, and at high n-hexane concentrations, essentially no 3-methylpentane adsorbs, as has been predicted previously by simulations. A larger molecule, 2,2-dimethylbutane, adsorbed so slowly at 294 K that silicalite had only 16% of saturation coverage after 370 h, but it was saturated after 1650 h; at 423 K, saturation was obtained in less than 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, USA
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Choi EY, Kim Y, Seff K. Crystal Structure of a Mesitylene Sorption Complex of Dehydrated Fully Ca2+-Exchanged Zeolite X. Sorbed Mesitylene Appears to be Significantly Nonplanar. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0140522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Yang Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Karl Seff
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
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Wu P, Komatsu T, Yashima T. Hydroxylation of Aromatics with Hydrogen Peroxide over Titanosilicates with MOR and MFI Structures: Effect of Ti Peroxo Species on the Diffusion and Hydroxylation Activity. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982951t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Takayuki Komatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Yashima
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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The use of linear azo compounds as probes for the characterization of micropores of molecular sieves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-6513(97)00063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Choudhary VR, Choudhary TV. Entrance of straight and branched chain compounds from their bulk liquid phase into H-ZSM-5 zeolite. Chem Eng Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2509(97)00164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Wendelbo R, Roque-Malherbe R. A comparative study of the kinetics of adsorption and desorption of benzene and o-xylene in H-MCM-22-, H-ZSM-5- and H-beta-zeolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-6513(97)00014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Choudhary VR, Nayak VS, Choudhary TV. Single-Component Sorption/Diffusion of Cyclic Compounds from Their Bulk Liquid Phase in H-ZSM-5 Zeolite. Ind Eng Chem Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ie960411h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasant R. Choudhary
- Chemical Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Vikram S. Nayak
- Chemical Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Tushar V. Choudhary
- Chemical Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
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Cejka J, ſilková N, Wichterlová B, Eder-Mirth G, Lercher JA. Decisive role of transport rate of products for zeolite para-selectivity: Effect of coke deposition and external surface silylation on activity and selectivity of HZSM-5 in alkylation of toluene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-2449(96)00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Adsorption of gaseous p-xylene and m-xylene on NaY, KY, and BaY zeolites: Part 1. Adsorption equilibria of pure xylenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-2449(94)00030-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Choudhary V, Srinivasan K, Singh A. Temperature-programmed desorption of aromatic hydrocarbons on silicalite-I and ZSM-5-type zeolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-2449(90)90088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Single- and multicomponent sorption/diffusion of hydrocarbons from their iso-octane solution in H-ZSM-5 zeolite. Chem Eng Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(89)87004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Choudhary V, Srinivasan K. Sorption of benzene in H-ZSM-5 at catalytic conditions using gas chromatographic sorption/desorption technique. Chem Eng Sci 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(87)85071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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