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Amrane-Abider M, Imre M, Herman V, Debbou-Iouknane N, Saci F, Boudries H, Madani K, Merzouk H, Ayad A. Opuntia Ficus-Indica Peel By-Product as a Natural Antioxidant Food Additive and Natural Anticoccidial Drug. Foods 2023; 12:4403. [PMID: 38137207 PMCID: PMC10742707 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to valorize the Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) by-products by extracting and identifying their biochemical compounds and evaluating their antioxidant potential by in vitro activities (DPPH radical and FRAP), as well as their capacity to stabilize margarine oxidation (rancimat test). In addition, their in vitro anticoccidial effect on the destruction of Eimeria oocysts isolated from naturally infected chickens was also targeted. Microwaves and response surface methodology tools were used to extract the maximum amount of phenolic compounds (42.05 ± 0.46 GAE mg/g DW of total phenolic compounds in 90 s at 400 watts). Moreover, the effect of extraction factors was also studied. Eight phenolic compounds, including isorhamnetin, dihydrokaempferol, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, were identified. The findings confirmed that OFI peel extract has strong antioxidant activities (DPPH radical, ferric reducing power). The rancimat test shows that OFI peel extract improves margarine stability by 3.2 h. Moreover, it has a notable destruction rate of Eimeria oocysts (30.06 ± 0.51%, LC50: 60.53 ± 0.38 mg/mL). The present investigation offers promise for the reuse of food waste as natural margarine additives, protection of the environment, and substitution of anticoccidial synthetic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Amrane-Abider
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (M.A.-A.); (K.M.)
| | - Mirela Imre
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Viorel Herman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Nedjima Debbou-Iouknane
- Department of Environment Biological Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
| | - Fairouz Saci
- Biotechnology Research Center (C.R.Bt.), Ali Mendjli Nouvelle Ville UV 03, BP E73, Constantine 25000, Algeria;
| | - Hafid Boudries
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (H.B.); (H.M.)
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, Biochemistry, Biophysics and Scientometrics, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Khodir Madani
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (M.A.-A.); (K.M.)
| | - Hafida Merzouk
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (H.B.); (H.M.)
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, Biochemistry, Biophysics and Scientometrics, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Abdelhanine Ayad
- Department of Environment Biological Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
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Pereira A, Añibarro-Ortega M, Kostić M, Nogueira A, Soković M, Pinela J, Barros L. Upcycling Quince Peel into Bioactive Ingredients and Fiber Concentrates through Multicomponent Extraction Processes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020260. [PMID: 36829819 PMCID: PMC9952593 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to promote the total upcycling of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) peel into bioactive extracts (BEs) and fiber concentrates (FCs). The multicomponent extraction processes were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with a 20-run experimental design, where the effects of time (1-120 min), temperature (25-95 °C), and EtOH percentage (0-100%) were combined. In addition to the extraction yields, BEs were analyzed for phenolic compounds, organic acids, and other water-soluble constituents, while FCs were characterized for their color and dietary fiber content. Statistically valid theoretical models were obtained by fitting these dependent variables to a quadratic equation and used to predict optimal extraction conditions. Those obtained for phenolic compounds and malic acid were experimentally validated, yielding 9.3 mg/g and 7.6 g/100 g of these bioactive constituents, respectively, and about 51% (w/w) FC. These BEs showed in vitro antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effects against foodborne fungi and bacteria, standing out in some aspects in relation to synthetic food additives, mainly the malic acid-enriched BE. Overall, the developed extraction processes allowed valorizing of quince peel in FCs and BEs that could be used as natural fortifiers or preservatives in the formulation of foods, beverages and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Mikel Añibarro-Ortega
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Marina Kostić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - António Nogueira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Marina Soković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (L.B.)
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Agostini-Costa TDS. Genetic and environment effects on bioactive compounds of Opuntia cacti – a review. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Albergamo A, Potortí AG, Di Bella G, Amor NB, Lo Vecchio G, Nava V, Rando R, Ben Mansour H, Lo Turco V. Chemical Characterization of Different Products from the Tunisian Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Foods 2022; 11:155. [PMID: 35053886 PMCID: PMC8775233 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Various dried (by-)products from the Tunisian O. ficus-indica were elucidated for their proximate composition, fatty acid (FA) composition, inorganic elements, sugars, and polyphenols. Nopal and prickly pear peel and seeds were abundant in fiber (respectively, 28.39, 12.54, and 16.28%). Seeds had also high protein (17.34%) and may be source of an edible oil, due to lipids (9.65%) poor in saturated FAs (14.12%) and rich in linoleic acid (61.11%). Nopal and peel showed the highest levels of Mg (493.57 and 345.19 mg/100 g), K (6949.57 and 1820.83 mg/100 g), Mn (59.73 and 46.86 mg/Kg) and Fe (23.15 and 15.23 mg/Kg), while the fruit pulp predominantly constituted of sugars, glucose and arabinose being predominant (42.57 and 13.56 g/100 g). Total polyphenols widely varied among the Opuntia products (108.36-4785.36 mg GAE/100 g), being mainly represented by hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids, and flavonoids as well. In particular, peel may be revalorized for these valuable bioactives, including 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (484.95 mg/100 g), cinnamic acid (318.95 mg/100 g), rutin (818.94 mg/100 g), quercetin (605.28 mg/100 g), and several isorhamnetin and kaempferol glycosides. Overall, the Tunisian prickly pear cactus could encourage a sustainable production, an effective waste management, and may provide several benefits for human health, in accordance with the model of the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrogina Albergamo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (A.G.P.); (G.L.V.); (V.N.); (R.R.); (V.L.T.)
| | - Angela Giorgia Potortí
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (A.G.P.); (G.L.V.); (V.N.); (R.R.); (V.L.T.)
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (A.G.P.); (G.L.V.); (V.N.); (R.R.); (V.L.T.)
| | - Nawres Ben Amor
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to Environmental-APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (N.B.A.); (H.B.M.)
- National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, Carthage 1054, Tunisia
| | - Giovanna Lo Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (A.G.P.); (G.L.V.); (V.N.); (R.R.); (V.L.T.)
| | - Vincenzo Nava
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (A.G.P.); (G.L.V.); (V.N.); (R.R.); (V.L.T.)
| | - Rossana Rando
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (A.G.P.); (G.L.V.); (V.N.); (R.R.); (V.L.T.)
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to Environmental-APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (N.B.A.); (H.B.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Lo Turco
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (A.G.P.); (G.L.V.); (V.N.); (R.R.); (V.L.T.)
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Rodríguez-González F, Pérez-González J, Muñoz-López CN, Vargas-Solano SV, Marín-Santibáñez BM. Influence of age on molecular characteristics and rheological behavior of nopal mucilage. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6776-6785. [PMID: 34925806 PMCID: PMC8645762 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nopal mucilages are of interest due to a variety of potential applications, which include their use as thickeners and rheological modifiers. In this work, changes in molecular characteristics of nopal mucilages with their age and its influence on the rheological behavior of their solutions were analyzed by light scattering, high performance liquid chromatography, a colorimetric method, and linear viscoelastic rheometrical measurements. For this, mucilages obtained from cladodes from Opuntia ficus-indica with different ages, namely 20, 80, and 600 days, respectively, were extracted using water as solvent and then subjected to freeze-drying. The weight-average molecular weight (M w) of the mucilages was found to increase along with the age; meanwhile, the concentration of uronic acids increased and the galactose, rhamnose, and xylose contents decreased. Increasing M w with age resulted in enhanced viscoelastic behavior of solutions, namely, higher viscosity and elasticity at lower mucilage concentrations. Also, along with increasing M w, decrease in neutral sugar contents and increase of pectic compounds (uronic acids) and Ca+ cations in mucilages with age promoted formation of weak gels. Overall, the molecular weights and rheological behaviors reported in this work for nopal mucilages are comparable to those of widely used thickeners such as xanthan and guar gums, which suggest their use in similar applications regarding its age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos Instituto Politécnico Nacional Yautepec Morelos México
| | - José Pérez-González
- Laboratorio de Reología y Física de la Materia Blanda Escuela Superior de Física y Matemáticas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Ciudad de México México
| | - Cesar Nadem Muñoz-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos Instituto Politécnico Nacional Yautepec Morelos México
| | - Silvia Viridiana Vargas-Solano
- Departamento de Biotecnología Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos Instituto Politécnico Nacional Yautepec Morelos México
| | - Benjamín M Marín-Santibáñez
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Ciudad de México México
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BEYECH HUNDİE K, ABDİSSA D. Extraction and Characterization of Pectin from Lemon Waste for Commercial Applications. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021; 8:1111-1120. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.901973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this paper was preliminary to extract and characterization of purified pectin from lemon wastes. Dry lemon waste was extracted applying citric acid solvent or water at various concentrations under a similar condition (85 ºC for 4 h). It was found that the highest yield of pectin (20.8% dry basis) was achieved using hot water extraction with an esterification degree of 47.8%. It contained 63.2 ± 0.74% galacturonic acid, followed by 17.4 ± 0.76% total sugar. The monosaccharides found in pectin were arabinose (2.7 ± 0.20%), galactose (2.3 ± 0.01%), glucose (1.4 ± 0.09%), mannose (0.4 ± 0.01%), fructose (0.4 ± 0.05%), and xylose (0.1 ± 0.01%). The found pectin had a high atomic weight of 2060 kDa with a wide polydispersity index of 4.41, decided by high-Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC). The extricated lemon waste pectin was grouped into low methoxyl pectin, depends on the methoxyl content and degree of esterification affirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and rheological properties. In conclusion, the discoveries of the study show that lemon waste can be investigated as a promising elective for the commercial manufacturing of pectin.
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BEYECH HUNDİE K, ABDİSSA D. Extraction and Characterization of Pectin from Lemon Waste for Commercial Applications. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.901973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Álvarez SA, Rocha‐Guzmán NE, Moreno‐Jiménez MR, Gallegos‐Infante JA, Pérez‐Martínez JD, Rosas‐Flores W. Functional fermented beverage made with apple, tibicos, and pectic polysaccharides from prickly pear (
Opuntia ficus‐indica
L. Mill) peels. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Alberto Álvarez
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango Durango Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Walfred Rosas‐Flores
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango Durango Mexico
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Morales-Martínez Y, López-Cuellar MDR, Chavarría-Hernández N, Rodríguez-Hernández AI. Rheological behaviour of acetylated pectins from cactus pear fruits ( Opuntia albicarpa and O. matudae ). Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Access to new anticoagulant by sulfation of pectin-like polysaccharides isolated from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1794-1800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kharrat N, Salem H, Mrabet A, Aloui F, Triki S, Fendri A, Gargouri Y. Synergistic effect of polysaccharides, betalain pigment and phenolic compounds of red prickly pear (Opuntia stricta) in the stabilization of salami. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:561-568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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García Nava F, López Herrera M, Peña-Valdivia CB, Romo Gómez C, Marmolejo Santillán Y. Chemical characteristics of non-starch polysaccharides of Opuntia cladodes as evidence of changes through domestication. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yousefi N, Zeynali F, Alizadeh M. Optimization of low-fat meat hamburger formulation containing quince seed gum using response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 55:598-604. [PMID: 29391624 PMCID: PMC5785385 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, feasibility of low-fat hamburger production by partial replacement with quince seed gum (QSG) was investigated. The effects of different QSG levels (1.2, 2.4, 3.6, and 4.8 wt%) on cooking loss, water holding capacity, lipid oxidation, antioxidant activity, and hardness of hamburger were investigated during a period of 9 days. The optimization was carried out based on minimum cooking loss, lipid oxidation, and maximum water holding capacity, antioxidant activity, and tissue hardness. Optimum conditions were achieved as 3.26% oil, 4.73% QSG, and 8.25th day of storagability. According to the optimum conditions, values for cooking loss, water holding capacity, lipid oxidation, free radical scavenging, raw hamburger hardness, and fried hamburger hardness were as 13.80%, 55.61%, 0.59 mg MDA/Kg, 48.12%, 2.99 N, and 8.66 N, respectively. Overall acceptability of optimized hamburgers was better and more acceptable than control ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Yousefi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fariba Zeynali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Bayar N, Bouallegue T, Achour M, Kriaa M, Bougatef A, Kammoun R. Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. Food Chem 2017; 235:275-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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López-Palacios C, Peña-Valdivia CB, Rodríguez-Hernández AI, Reyes-Agüero JA. Rheological Flow Behavior of Structural Polysaccharides from Edible Tender Cladodes of Wild, Semidomesticated and Cultivated 'Nopal' (Opuntia) of Mexican Highlands. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:388-395. [PMID: 27498130 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the content of polysaccharides of edible tender cladodes (nopalitos) of three species of Opuntia and to evaluate the rheological flow behavior of isolated polysaccharides. A completely randomized experimental design was used to characterize a wild (O. streptacantha), a semidomesticated (O. megacantha) and a domesticated (O. ficus-indica) species. Mucilage content was higher (4.93 to 12.43 g 100 g-1 dry matter), tightly bound hemicelluloses were lower (3.32 to 1.81 g 100 g-1 dry matter) and pectins and loosely bound hemicelluloses were not different in wild than in domesticated species. Aqueous solution/suspensions of mucilage, pectins, hemicellulose and cellulose of all species showed non-Newtonian behavior under simple shear flow. The flow behavior of the structural polysaccharides was well described by the Ostwald de-Waele model. Pectins and mucilages exhibited the highest consistency indexes (K values ranged from 0.075 to 0.177 Pasn) with a moderated shear-thinning behavior (n values ranged from 0.53 to 0.67). Cellulose dispersions exhibited the most shear-thinning behavior (n values ranged from 0.17 to 0.41) and hemicelluloses showed a tendency to Newtonian flow (n values ranged from 0.82 to 0.97). The rheological flow properties of these polysaccharides may be useful to improve the textural and sensory qualities of some foods and pharmaceutical materials. Moreover, they can emerge as functional ingredients mainly due to the nutraceutical properties that have been attributed to nopalitos.
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Affiliation(s)
- C López-Palacios
- Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco km 36.5, Texcoco, 56230, México, México
| | - C B Peña-Valdivia
- Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco km 36.5, Texcoco, 56230, México, México.
| | - A I Rodríguez-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, UAEH, Av. Universidad km 1, Rancho Universitario, 43600, Tulancingo, Hgo, México
| | - J A Reyes-Agüero
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, UASLP, Altair 200, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
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Cactus pear peel snacks prepared by instant pressure drop texturing: Effect of process variables on bioactive compounds and functional properties. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-016-9407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Bayar N, Kriaa M, Kammoun R. Extraction and characterization of three polysaccharides extracted from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:441-450. [PMID: 27426700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The chemical extraction and the characterization of polysaccharides from mucilage (MC), pectin (PC) and total pectic mucilage fraction (TFC) of Opuntia ficus indica cladodes as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant activities was investigated. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups corresponding to polysaccharides. Uronic acid and the total sugar contents of PC were higher than those of TFC and MC whereas ash content of MC was considerably more important. In addition, the findings showed that all the samples had little protein content and low average molecular weight compared to the results mentioned in literature. Furthermore, MC reached not only the highest water (WHC) and oil holding (OHC) capacities (7.81g/g and 1.34g/g, respectively) but also the highest antioxidant properties (DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, β-carotene bleaching inhibition activity and reducing power). However, PC had the strongest emulsifying and foaming properties. As for TFC, it had low WHC, OHC and emulsifying properties whereas it had higher foaming properties than MC and greater antioxidant properties compared to PC. These outcomes can encourage the use of PC as a surfactant and MC and TFC as natural antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bayar
- Laboratory of Microrganisms and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road Sidi Mansour Km 6, B.P 1177 Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Kriaa
- Laboratory of Microrganisms and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road Sidi Mansour Km 6, B.P 1177 Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Kammoun
- Laboratory of Microrganisms and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road Sidi Mansour Km 6, B.P 1177 Sfax 3018, Tunisia; Biotechnology High School of Sfax (ISBS) Soukra Km 3; P.O. Box 261, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
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Comparison of the effect of mefenamic acid and quince on the level of menstrual bleeding and hemoglobin: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chaouch MA, Hafsa J, Rihouey C, Le Cerf D, Majdoub H. Effect of pH during Extraction on the Antioxidant and Antiglycated Activities of Polysaccharides from Opuntia Ficus Indica. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aymen Chaouch
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA); Faculté des Sciences de Monastir; Université de Monastir; Bd. de l'environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Jawhar Hafsa
- Laboratoire de Biochimie; Faculté de Médecine; Université de Sousse; Sousse Tunisia
| | - Christophe Rihouey
- Normandie Université; Caen France
- Laboratoire Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces; UMR 6270 & FR 3038 CNRS; Université de Rouen; Mont Saint Aignan France
| | - Didier Le Cerf
- Normandie Université; Caen France
- Laboratoire Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces; UMR 6270 & FR 3038 CNRS; Université de Rouen; Mont Saint Aignan France
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA); Faculté des Sciences de Monastir; Université de Monastir; Bd. de l'environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisia
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Lefsih K, Delattre C, Pierre G, Michaud P, Aminabhavi TM, Dahmoune F, Madani K. Extraction, characterization and gelling behavior enhancement of pectins from the cladodes of Opuntia ficus indica. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 82:645-52. [PMID: 26492855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Total Pectins Fraction (TPF) was extracted at room temperature from dried cladodes of Opuntia ficus indica. TPF is constituted of three pectic fractions WSP, CSP and ASP, which are made up of 66.6%, 44.3% and 81.1% (w/w) of galacturonic acid, respectively. The antioxidant ability of TPF increased with the concentration increasing. It scavenged hydroxyl radical by 90% and chelated 90% of ferrous ions at 5 g/L. FTIR study was carried out. Strong characteristic absorption peaks at 1,618 cm(-1) assigned to the vibration of COO(-) group of galacturonic acid. In the fingerprint region, we noticed three well-defined peaks at 1054, 1085, and 1,154 cm(-1) characteristic of pectic polysaccharides. TPF are non-gelling pectins. The co-crosslinking of TPF with carrageenan was carried out and the gelling behavior was successfully improved. Thermo-sensitive hydrogel was obtained with 82% of TPF and 18% of carrageenan (w/w).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalef Lefsih
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria; Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques et des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Tizi ouzou, 15000 Tizi ouzou, Algeria.
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, UMR CNRS 6602 CNRS Polytech Clermont-Ferrand, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 206, Aubière Cedex F-63174, France
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, UMR CNRS 6602 CNRS Polytech Clermont-Ferrand, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 206, Aubière Cedex F-63174, France
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal, UMR CNRS 6602 CNRS Polytech Clermont-Ferrand, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 206, Aubière Cedex F-63174, France
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Chemistry, Soniya College of Pharmacy, Dharwad 580 002, India
| | - Farid Dahmoune
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Khodir Madani
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
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Chaouch MA, Hafsa J, Rihouey C, Le Cerf D, Majdoub H. Depolymerization of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica: Antioxidant and antiglycated activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:779-86. [PMID: 26054662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. The optimization of the extraction showed that extraction by ultrasound at 40 °C presented the best carbohydrates yield. The degradation of the extracted polysaccharides was achieved by free radical depolymerization with H2O2 in the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times. Sugar contents were determined by colorimetric assays. The macromolecular characteristics of the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates were carried by size exclusion chromatography (SEC/MALS/VD/DRI). These experiments showed that all samples are polysaccharides, which are probably pectins and that molecular weight (Mw) has decreased from 6,800,000 to 14,000 g/mol after 3 h of depolymerization without changing the structure. Preliminary antioxidant and antiglycated tests indicated that degraded polysaccharides for 2 and 3 h showed even better antioxidant and antiglycated activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aymen Chaouch
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Bd. de l'environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jawhar Hafsa
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sousse, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Christophe Rihouey
- Normandie Université, Laboratoire Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), UMR 6270 & FR 3038 CNRS, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Didier Le Cerf
- Normandie Université, Laboratoire Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), UMR 6270 & FR 3038 CNRS, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Bd. de l'environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
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Lira-Ortiz AL, Reséndiz-Vega F, Ríos-Leal E, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Chavarría-Hernández N, Vargas-Torres A, Rodríguez-Hernández AI. Pectins from waste of prickly pear fruits (Opuntia albicarpa Scheinvar ‘Reyna’): Chemical and rheological properties. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rodríguez-González S, Martínez-Flores HE, Chávez-Moreno CK, Macías-Rodríguez LI, Zavala-Mendoza E, Garnica-Romo M, Chacón-García L. Extraction and Characterization of Mucilage From Wild Species of O
puntia. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarahi Rodríguez-González
- Programa Institucional de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Morelia Michoacan México
| | - Hector E. Martínez-Flores
- Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Morelia Michoacan 58240 México
| | - Carla K. Chávez-Moreno
- Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Morelia Michoacan 58240 México
| | - Lourdes. I. Macías-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Químico Biológicas; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Morelia Michoacan México
| | - Eder Zavala-Mendoza
- Programa Institucional de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Morelia Michoacan México
| | - M.G. Garnica-Romo
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Morelia Michoacan Mexico
| | - Luis Chacón-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Químico Biológicas; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Morelia Michoacan México
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Montoya-Arroyo A, Schweiggert RM, Pineda-Castro ML, Sramek M, Kohlus R, Carle R, Esquivel P. Characterization of cell wall polysaccharides of purple pitaya (Hylocereus sp.) pericarp. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wojdyło A, Teleszko M, Oszmiański J. Physicochemical characterisation of quince fruits for industrial use: yield, turbidity, viscosity and colour properties of juices. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Processing; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science; 37/41 Chełmońskiego Street 51-630 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Mirosława Teleszko
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Processing; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science; 37/41 Chełmońskiego Street 51-630 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Jan Oszmiański
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Processing; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science; 37/41 Chełmońskiego Street 51-630 Wroclaw Poland
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Brown VA, Lozano JE, Genovese DB. Pectin extraction from quince (Cydonia oblonga) pomace applying alternative methods: effect of process variables and preliminary optimization. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2013; 20:83-98. [PMID: 23733815 DOI: 10.1177/1082013212469616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to introduce alternative methods in the process of pectin extraction from quince pomace, to determine the effect of selected process variables (factors) on the obtained pectin, and to perform a preliminary optimization of the process. A fractional factorial experimental design was applied, where the factors considered were six: quince pomace pretreatment (washing vs blanching), drying method (hot air vs LPSSD), acid extraction conditions (pH, temperature, and time), and pectin extract concentration method (vacuum evaporation vs ultrafiltration). The effects of these factors and their interactions on pectin yield (Y: 0.2-34.2 mg/g), GalA content (44.5-76.2%), and DM (47.5-90.9%), were determined. For these three responses, extraction pH was the main effect, but it was involved in two and three factors interactions. Regarding alternative methods, LPSSD was required for maximum Y and GalA, and ultrafiltration for maximum GalA and DM. Response models were used to predict optimum process conditions (quince blanching, pomace drying by LPSSD, acid extraction at pH 2.20, 80 , 3 h, and concentration under vacuum) to simultaneously maximize Y (25.2 mg/g), GalA (66.3%), and DM (66.4%).
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Dalonso N, Petkowicz CLDO. Guarana powder polysaccharides: Characterisation and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of a pectic fraction. Food Chem 2012; 134:1804-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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de Escalada Pla MF, Uribe M, Fissore EN, Gerschenson LN, Rojas AM. Influence of the isolation procedure on the characteristics of fiber-rich products obtained from quince wastes. J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vanoli M, Zerbini PE, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Rizzolo A. Polyuronide content and correlation to optical properties measured by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy in ‘Jonagored’ apples stored in normal and controlled atmosphere. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Polysaccharides from the pulp of cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum): Structural characterization of a pectic fraction. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kacem I, Majdoub H, Roudesli S. Physicochemical Properties of Pectin from Retama raetam Obtained using Sequential Extraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2008.1713.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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CEREZAL P, CASTRO E, DUARTE G. A RESEARCH NOTE ON RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF SOME PROCESSED PRODUCTS FROM CACTUS PEAR (OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA [L.] MILL.). J Texture Stud 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4603.2007.00123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Royer G, Madieta E, Symoneaux R, Jourjon F. Preliminary study of the production of apple pomace and quince jelly. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2006.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Habibi Y, Heyraud A, Mahrouz M, Vignon MR. Structural features of pectic polysaccharides from the skin of Opuntia ficus-indica prickly pear fruits. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:1119-27. [PMID: 15063200 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2003] [Revised: 01/26/2004] [Accepted: 02/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
After removal of the mucilage with water at room temperature, pectic polysaccharides were solubilized from Opuntia ficus-indica fruit skin, by sequential extraction with water at 60 degrees C (WSP) and EDTA solution at 60 degrees C (CSP). Polysaccharides with neutral sugar content of 0.48 and 0.36 mol/mol galacturonic acid residue were obtained, respectively, in the WSP and CSP extracts. These pectic polysaccharides were de-esterified and fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography, yielding for each extract five fractions, which were thereafter purified by size-exclusion chromatography. Two of these purified fractions were characterized by sugar analysis combined with methylation and reduction-methylation analysis. The study was then supported by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that the water-soluble fraction WSP3 and the EDTA soluble fraction CSP3, consisted of a disaccharide repeating unit -->2)-alpha-l-Rhap-(1-->4)-alpha-d-GalpA-(1--> backbone, with side chains attached to O-4 of the rhamnosyl residues. The side chains contained highly branched alpha-(1-->5)-linked arabinan and short linear beta-(1-->4)-linked galactan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Habibi
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, C.N.R.S., and Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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Majdoub H, Roudesli S, Deratani A. Polysaccharides from prickly pear peel and nopals ofOpuntia ficus-indica: extraction, characterization and polyelectrolyte behaviour. POLYM INT 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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