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Li X, Lu Y, Adams GG, Zobel H, Ballance S, Wolf B, Harding SE. Characterisation of the molecular properties of scleroglucan as an alternative rigid rod molecule to xanthan gum for oropharyngeal dysphagia. Food Hydrocoll 2020; 101:105446. [PMID: 32255886 PMCID: PMC7015278 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Scleroglucan, a neutral β(1–3) glucan with β(1–6) glucan branches every third residue, is being considered as an alternative rod-like, shear thinning high molecular weight β-glucan based polysaccharide to xanthan gum for the management of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. It is therefore important to understand more fully its hydrodynamic properties in solution, in particular heterogeneity, molecular weight distribution and its behaviour in the presence of mucin glycoproteins. A commercially purified scleroglucan preparation produced by fermentation of the filamentous fungus Sclerotium rolfsii was analysed in deionised distilled water with 0.02% added azide. Sedimentation velocity in the analytical ultracentrifuge showed the scleroglucan preparation to be unimodal at concentrations >0.75 mg/ml which resolved into two components at lower concentration and with partial reversibility between the components. Sedimentation coefficient versus concentration plots showed significant hydrodynamic non-ideality. Self-association behaviour was confirmed by sedimentation equilibrium experiments with molecular weights between ~3 × 106 g/mol to ~5 × 106 g/mol after correcting for thermodynamic non-ideality. SEC-MALS-viscosity experiments showed a transition between a rod-shape at lower molar masses to a more flexible structure at higher masses consistent with previous observations. Sedimentation velocity experiments also showed no evidence for potentially problematic interactions with submaxillary mucin. Scleroglucan considered as alternative to xanthan. Sedimentation velocity shows partial reversible self-association. Associative behaviour confirmed by sedimentation equilibrium. SEC-MALS and viscosity show transition between a rod to more flexible structure. No problematic interactions with submaxillary mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietectics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Yudong Lu
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Gary G. Adams
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Hanne Zobel
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Simon Ballance
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Bettina Wolf
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietectics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
- Corresponding author.
| | - Stephen E. Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
- Kulturhistorisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo, Postboks 6762, St. Olavs Plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway
- Corresponding author. National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
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Clinically Relevant Insulin Degludec and its Interaction with Polysaccharides: A Biophysical Examination. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020390. [PMID: 32050432 PMCID: PMC7077624 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein polysaccharide complexes have been widely studied for multiple industrial applications and are popular due to their biocompatibility. Insulin degludec, an analogue of human insulin, exists as di-hexamer in pharmaceutical formulations and has the potential to form long multi-hexamers in physiological environment, which dissociate into monomers to bind with receptors on the cell membrane. This study involved complexation of two negatively charged bio-polymers xanthan and alginate with clinically-relevant insulin degludec (PIC). The polymeric complexations and interactions were investigated using biophysical methods. Intrinsic viscosity [η] and particle size distribution (PSD) of PIC increased significantly with an increase in temperature, contrary to the individual components indicating possible interactions. [η] trend was X > XA > PIC > A > IDeg. PSD trend was X > A > IDeg > XA > PIC. Zeta (ζ)- potential (with general trend of IDeg < A < XA < X ≈ PIC) revealed stable interaction at lower temperature which gradually changed with an increase in temperature. Likewise, sedimentation velocity indicated stable complexation at lower temperature. With an increase in time and temperature, changes in the number of peaks and area under curve were observed for PIC. Conclusively, stable complexation occurred among the three polymers at 4 °C and 18 °C and the complex dissociated at 37 °C. Therefore, the complex has the potential to be used as a drug delivery vehicle.
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Dabestani M, Kadkhodaee R, Phillips GO, Abbasi S. Persian gum: A comprehensive review on its physicochemical and functional properties. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hesarinejad M, Razavi SM, Koocheki A. Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum: Dilute solution and some physicochemical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:418-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cao Z, Wu S, Zhang G. Dynamics of single polyelectrolyte chains in salt-free dilute solutions investigated by analytical ultracentrifugation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15896-902. [PMID: 26018174 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of polyelectrolytes in salt-free solution is an unsolved problem. We have investigated the sedimentation and diffusion of xanthan and poly(N-methyl 4-vinyl pyridine iodide) (P4VPI) in salt-free dilute solutions by analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) using sedimentation velocity (SV) as a function of polyelectrolyte concentration (Cp). Our study reveals two concentration regimes distinguished in either polyanion (xanthan) or polycation (P4VPI) dilute aqueous solution. When Cp is below the Debye concentration (Cd) at which the chain separation (d) is close to the debye length (lD), the interchain electrostatic repulsion is negligible, and the reciprocal apparent sedimentation coefficient (1/s), apparent diffusion coefficient (D) or reciprocal apparent molecular weight (1/Mw) is linearly related to Cp. In the range Cp > Cd with d < lD, the interchain electrostatic repulsion is present, and the dynamics of polyelectrolytes becomes complex. The real sedimentation coefficient (s0), the diffusion coefficient (D0) and the molecular weight (Mw,0) of the single polyelectrolyte chain in salt-free dilute solution can be obtained by extrapolating the concentration to zero. The present study reveals that the complex dynamics of polyelectrolytes in salt-free dilute solutions arises due to the interchain electrostatic repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Gillis RB, Rowe AJ, Adams GG, Harding SE. A review of modern approaches to the hydrodynamic characterisation of polydisperse macromolecular systems in biotechnology. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2015; 30:142-57. [PMID: 25686159 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2014.994870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This short review considers the range of modern techniques for the hydrodynamic characterisation of macromolecules - particularly large glycosylated systems used in the food, biopharma and healthcare industries. The range or polydispersity of molecular weights and conformations presents special challenges compared to proteins. The review is aimed, without going into any great theoretical or methodological depth, to help the Industrial Biotechnologist choose the appropriate methodology or combination of methodologies for providing the detail he/she needs for particular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Gillis
- a National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham , Sutton Bonington , LE12 5RD , UK
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Harding SE, Adams GG, Almutairi F, Alzahrani Q, Erten T, Samil Kök M, Gillis RB. Ultracentrifuge Methods for the Analysis of Polysaccharides, Glycoconjugates, and Lignins. Methods Enzymol 2015; 562:391-439. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Erten T, Adams GG, Foster TJ, Harding SE. Comparative heterogeneity, molecular weights and viscosities of xanthans of different pyruvate and acetate content. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Insight into dynamics of polyelectrolyte chains in salt-free solutions by laser light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Morris GA, Adams GG, Harding SE. On hydrodynamic methods for the analysis of the sizes and shapes of polysaccharides in dilute solution: A short review. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Ahmad NH, Mustafa S, Che Man YB. Microbial Polysaccharides and Their Modification Approaches: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2012.693561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Walter J, Löhr K, Karabudak E, Reis W, Mikhael J, Peukert W, Wohlleben W, Cölfen H. Multidimensional analysis of nanoparticles with highly disperse properties using multiwavelength analytical ultracentrifugation. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8871-86. [PMID: 25130765 DOI: 10.1021/nn503205k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide trend in nanoparticle technology toward increasing complexity must be directly linked to more advanced characterization methods of size, shape and related properties, applicable to many different particle systems in science and technology. Available techniques for nanoparticle characterization are predominantly focused on size characterization. However, simultaneous size and shape characterization is still an unresolved major challenge. We demonstrate that analytical ultracentrifugation with a multiwavelength detector is a powerful technique to address multidimensional nanoparticle analysis. Using a high performance optical setup and data acquisition software, information on size, shape anisotropy and optical properties were accessible in one single experiment with unmatched accuracy and resolution. A dynamic rotor speed gradient allowed us to investigate broad distributions on a short time scale and differentiate between gold nanorod species including the precise evaluation of aggregate formation. We report how to distinguish between different species of single-wall carbon nanotubes in just one experiment using the wavelength-dependent sedimentation coefficient distribution without the necessity of time-consuming purification methods. Furthermore, CdTe nanoparticles of different size and optical properties were investigated in a single experiment providing important information on structure-property relations. Thus, multidimensional information on size, density, shape and optical properties of nanoparticulate systems becomes accessible by means of analytical ultracentrifugation equipped with multiwavelength detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Walter
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Yousefi A, Razavi SM, Khodabakhsh Aghdam S. Influence of temperature, mono- and divalent cations on dilute solution properties of sage seed gum. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:246-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Song YR, Jeong DY, Baik SH. Optimal production of exopolysaccharide by Bacillus licheniformis KS-17 isolated from kimchi. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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15
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Harding SE, Smith IH, Lawson CJ, Gahler RJ, Wood S. Studies on macromolecular interactions in ternary mixtures of konjac glucomannan, xanthan gum and sodium alginate. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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An analytical ultracentrifuge study on ternary mixtures of konjac glucomannan supplemented with sodium alginate and xanthan gum. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Patel TR, Morris GA, Ebringerová A, Vodeničarová M, Velebný V, Ortega A, Garcia de la Torre J, Harding SE. Global conformation analysis of irradiated xyloglucans. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Effect of water content on thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of xanthan powder: A comparison between standard and novel techniques. POWDER TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Sereno NM, Hill SE, Mitchell JR. Impact of the extrusion process on xanthan gum behaviour. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1333-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Nie S, Xie M, Wang Y. Preparation of tea glycoprotein and its application as a calibration standard for the quantification and molecular weight determination of tea glycoprotein in different tea samples by high-performance gel-permeation chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 383:680-6. [PMID: 16184368 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2005] [Revised: 07/03/2005] [Accepted: 07/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tea glycoprotein (TGC) was purified by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, and its purity and molecular weight (MW) were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) elution behavior of TGC on an Ultrahydrogel 500 (7.8x300 mm) column was studied using a mobile phase with various concentrations of NaCl. A dextran T system was found to be unsuitable as MW calibration standards in GPC because the MW of TGC was changed with the change of ionic concentration in the mobile phase. Thus, the purified TGC obtained in this study was standardized and used instead as the calibration standards for the determination and comparison of TGCs in tea samples collected from different geographic locations and species varieties. The GPC was run at 35 degrees C on an Ultrahydrogel 500 column (7.8x300 mm) with a refractive index detector. Distilled water was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 ml.min(-1). The calibration curve was linear over the TGC concentration range of 0.604-6.04 mg.ml(-1), with a correlation coefficient of r=0.9997. The TGC mass recovery ranged from 80.4 to 93.2%, with a relative standard deviation of 5.42%. The assay method developed in this paper was found to be simple, reproducible, and reliable and, thus, ideally suitable for the quality control of TGC-derived products and raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Nie
- Key Laboratory of Food Science of Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R. China
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Ding Q, Yang BY, Montgomery R. Structure and hydrodynamic properties of the extracellular polysaccharide from a mutant strain (RA3W) of Erwinia chrysanthemi RA3. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:2049-53. [PMID: 15261600 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2004] [Accepted: 05/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by Erwinia chrysanthemi strain RA3W, a mutant strain of E. chrysanthemi RA3, has been determined using low pressure size-exclusion and anion-exchange chromatographies, high pH anion-exchange chromatography, glycosyl linkage analysis, and 1D 1H NMR spectroscopy. The polysaccharide is structurally similar, if not identical, to the family of EPS produced by such as E. chrysanthemi strains Ech9, Ech9Sm6, and SR260. The molecular weight of EPS RA3W by ultracentrifugation (sedimentation equilibrium) and light scattering is compared with those of other E. chrysanthami EPSs, as are the viscometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Ding
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Morris G, Li P, Puaud M, Liu Z, Mitchell J, Harding S. Hydrodynamic characterisation of the exopolysaccharide from the halophilic cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica GR02: a comparison with xanthan. Carbohydr Polym 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(00)00217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vardhanabhuti B, Foegeding EA. Rheological properties and characterization of polymerized whey protein isolates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 1999; 47:3649-3655. [PMID: 10552698 DOI: 10.1021/jf981376n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Whey protein polymers were formed by heating whey protein isolate solutions at 80 degrees C. Flow behaviors of whey protein polymers produced from different protein concentrations and heating times were comparable to various flow behaviors of hydrocolloids. Polymer formation was found to be a two-phase process. The initial protein concentration was a significant factor that determines the size and/or shape of the primary polymer in the first phase as shown by intrinsic viscosity. Heating time was a factor in determining the aggregation in the second phase as shown by apparent viscosity. Intrinsic viscosity of whey protein polymers was as high as 141.7 +/- 7.30 mL/g, compared to 5.04 +/- 0.20 mL/g for native whey proteins. The intrinsic viscosity and gel electrophoresis data suggested that disulfide bonds played an important role in whey polymer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vardhanabhuti
- Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7624, USA
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Harding SE, Berth G, Hartmann J, Jumel K, Cölfen H, Christensen BE. Physicochemical studies on xylinan (acetan). III. Hydrodynamic characterization by analytical ultracentrifugation and dynamic light scattering. Biopolymers 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(199611)39:5<729::aid-bip11>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Harding SE. The intrinsic viscosity of biological macromolecules. Progress in measurement, interpretation and application to structure in dilute solution. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1998; 68:207-62. [PMID: 9652172 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6107(97)00027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biological Sciences, Sutton Bonington, U.K
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Harding SE. Some recent developments in the size and shape analysis of industrial polysaccharides in solution using sedimentation analysis in the analytical ultracentrifuge. Carbohydr Polym 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-8617(95)00146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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