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Drexler HG, Quentmeier H, Dirks WG, Uphoff CC, MacLeod RAF. DNA profiling and cytogenetic analysis of cell line WSU-CLL reveal cross-contamination with cell line REH (pre B-ALL). Leukemia 2002; 16:1868-70. [PMID: 12200708 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2002] [Accepted: 03/26/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Baker EJ, Ichiki AT, Day NE, Andrews RB, Bamberger EG, Lozzio CB. Simultaneous flow cytometric measurement of K-562 megakaryocytic differentiation and CD56+ large granular lymphocyte cytotoxicity. J Immunol Methods 2001; 253:37-44. [PMID: 11384667 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(01)00373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
K-562 cells have the capacity to undergo multi-lineage differentiation, which may be crucial to their ability to serve as target reservoirs for CD56+ large granular lymphocytes (LGL). Conventional techniques using chromium release assays to measure lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity suffer from disadvantages, including radioactive contamination and the inability to simultaneously determine K-562 and/or CD56+ lymphocyte phenotypes. We illustrate here a three-color flow cytometric method providing for the simultaneous evaluation of K-562-CD56+ LGL binding, K-562 cell viability, and the status of K-562 cell differentiation. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) engenders megakaryocytic differentiation in K-562 cell populations, as measured by presentation of the beta(3) integrin (gpIIIa, CD61), while maintaining a negative expression of MHC-I and MHC-II molecules. Using the auto-fluorescence of K-562 cells, flow cytometry can be used to demonstrate a significant decrease in CD56+ LGL activity against K-562 cells in populations pre-incubated with PMA. The capacity of three-color flow cytometry to measure lymphocyte-target cell binding and cell death kinetics, while simultaneously determining target cell phenotype, permits the specific localization of CD61-expressing K-562 cells to areas inconsistent with CD56+ LGL-mediated patterns of lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Baker
- Department of Medical Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center at Knoxville, 1924 Alcoa Highway, 37920, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Baker EJ, Ichiki AT, Hodge JW, Sugantharaj D, Bamberger EG, Lozzio CB. PMA-treated K-562 leukemia cells mediate a TH2-specific expansion of CD4+ T cells in vitro. Leuk Res 2000; 24:1049-57. [PMID: 11077119 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(00)00082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Highly enriched preparations of human CD3+CD4+ T-lymphocytes were stimulated with mitogen or OKT3 to determine the capacity of K-562 cells to function as accessory cells. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated K-562 cells were induced to differentiate along the megakaryocytic lineage and could supplant monocyte-accessory cell function. Intracytoplasmic analysis of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) established that IL-4, and not IFN-gamma, was preferentially produced by the activated lymphocytes. This polarized stimulation is compatible with a type 2 or humoral immune response of purified T cells co-cultured with differentiated K-562 cells in vitro, and may have implications in immunoregulation due to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Baker
- Department of Medical Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center at Knoxville, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
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Ichiki AT, Langenberg M, Baker EJ, Hodge JW, Bamberger EG, Gerard DA, Lozzio CB. Differential regulation of interleukin-1alpha and interleukin-1beta in K-562 cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1998; 18:1045-50. [PMID: 9877448 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1998.18.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1alpha and IL-1beta are encoded by two separate genes, but both function as comitogens for lymphocyte activation. In this study, we observed K-562 cells to express constitutively mRNA for IL-1alpha, although IL-1alpha was not detected in the growth-conditioned medium (GCM). However, IL-1beta mRNA was not expressed unless the cells had been treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta were detected in the GCM after the cells had been cultured with PMA, suggesting that IL-1 elaboration required PMA treatment. The K-562 cells treated with PMA differentiated to the myeloblastic stage, as observed by nuclear morphologic properties by electron microscopy. PMA treatment induced de novo expression of CD61 or gpIIIa, a marker associated with megakaryoblasts. These results showed that although K-562 cells constitutively expressed IL-1alpha mRNA, PMA treatment was required for secretion. On the other hand, both the expression and secretion of IL-1beta required treatment with PMA. This study showed that K-562 cells treated with PMA differentiated to the myeloblastic stage and expressed and secreted IL-1alpha and IL-1beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Ichiki
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center at Knoxville, 37920, USA.
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Hodge JW, Wust CJ, Ichiki AT, Lozzio CB. Antibodies to specific cell surface antigens of a human leukemia cell line, K-562, transduce negative growth signals. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991; 628:165-8. [PMID: 1712551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb17236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Hodge
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996
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Percival SS, Harris ED. Regulation of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase with copper. Caeruloplasmin maintains levels of functional enzyme activity during differentiation of K562 cells. Biochem J 1991; 274 ( Pt 1):153-8. [PMID: 1900417 PMCID: PMC1150191 DOI: 10.1042/bj2740153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
K562 cells, a human erythroleukaemic cell line blocked for differentiation, commit towards erythrocytes when exposed to haemin (20 microM). The cells synthesize fetal haemoglobins and show site-specific binding of caeruloplasmin, a plasma copper protein. These events are set into motion by haemin. On the assumption that the binding of caeruloplasmin could reflect a greater need for copper, we sought to determine whether the transfer of 67Cu from caeruloplasmin was accelerated in haemin-induced compared with non-induced K562 cells. Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) was the recipient. Haemin induction caused the K562 cells to lose CuZnSOD activity. By 96 h, the level of SOD activity was less than 60% of that of non-induced cells. The loss was confined entirely to the CuZn form, MnSOD activity staying essentially unchanged. Although CuZnSOD activity declined with the haemin induction, the incorporation of [4,5-3H]lysine into immunoprecipitable CuZnSOD protein was unaffected. There was also no change in CuZnSOD mRNA concentration in haemin-induced cells. Thus a loss of enzyme did not correlate with a decline in the synthesis de novo of CuZnSOD protein. When 48 h-induced cells were transferred to a medium supplemented with 0.2 microM-caeruloplasmin, CuZnSOD activity was restored to control levels in 24 h. Caeruloplasmin also stimulated the incorporation of [3H]lysine into immunoprecipitable CuZnSOD protein. Caeruloplasmin addition may have affected a post-translational regulatory site for CuZnSOD biosynthesis, possibly by providing copper for the newly synthesized enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Percival
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
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Wust CJ, Hodge JW, Ichiki AT, Lozzio CB. Cell death in the human leukemia cell line, K-562, induced by antiserum and monoclonal antibodies. Leuk Res 1991; 15:497-506. [PMID: 1713636 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(91)90061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit polyclonal antiserum, or derived gamma globulin, to K-562 cells induces decreased TdR uptake within hours and cell death without cytolysis in 2-4 days. A panel of nine mAb, reactive with K-562 cells, was grouped on the basis of no effect on growth or TdR uptake, increased uptake, or decreased uptake. Treatment of cells with antiserum, gamma globulin, or mAb of the last group caused single-strand, but not double-strand, DNA fragmentation at a time when the cells were still viable. Cycloheximide did not inhibit the antibody effect suggesting that protein synthesis was not required. Aurintricarboxylic acid at certain concentrations markedly enhanced TdR uptake and protected the cells when antiserum was used but did not protect from mAb treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Wust
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996
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Walter H, Krob EJ, Al-Romaihi FA, Johnson D, Lozzio CB. Detection of surface differences between closely related cell populations by partitioning. Cultured K-562 cell sublines. CELL BIOPHYSICS 1988; 13:173-87. [PMID: 2465826 DOI: 10.1007/bf02918374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The K-562 cell line is a culture of human leukemia stem cells originally derived from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. We have applied a sensitive method capable of detecting subtle differences in charge-associated and noncharge-related cell surface properties between closely related cell populations to K-562 cells from different sources and having different histories. The method consists of isotopically labeling aliquots of each of two cell populations to be compared with 51Cr-chromate and mixing the labeled cells with an excess of unlabeled cells with which they are to be compared. The mixtures are subjected to countercurrent distribution in either a charge-sensitive or a noncharge-sensitive dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) aqueous two-phase system. The distribution curves are analyzed for total cells (in terms of electronic counts) and labeled cells (in terms of cpm). Alterations in relative specific activities through the distribution curves are indicative of differences in surface properties between such cell populations. Using this method we have found surface differences, both charge-associated and noncharge-related, between any two K-562 cell sublines examined. Interestingly, whereas we observed differences among K-562 sublines, we never witnessed a change in surface properties of the respective sublines. The differences among the sublines examined remained unaltered for more than 40 passages in our hands. It thus appears likely that the event(s) leading to an altered K-562 cell surface, detectable by partitioning, does not occur gradually.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Walter
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Long Beach 90822
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Ichiki AT, Lozzio CB, Barnhill MA, Wust CJ, Bamberger EG, Trent DJ, Lucas PB, Bray JC, Fuhr JE. Interferon-gamma-induced expression of class I HLA antigens on K-562 cells grown in serum-free medium. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1987; 7:87-93. [PMID: 3108418 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1987.7.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), encoded in Escherichia coli by recombinant human DNA, induces the expression of HLA antigens in the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell line K-562 grown in serum-free growth medium. Expression was noted in 90% of the cells within 4 days and there was a high density of expression per cell, as determined by cytofluorography. Upon subculture, the cells rapidly lose their ability to express HLA, indicating that the continued presence of IFN-gamma is necessary for the expression. Reinduction of expression with IFN-gamma occurs in a high percentage of cells (up to 90%), which is comparable to the induction in freshly treated control cells.
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Ichiki AT, Lozzio CB, Bamberger EG, Lucas PB, Wust CJ, Fuhr JE. Continuous or modulation expression of hematopoietic cell antigens in sublines of the leukemia cell line, K-562. Leuk Res 1987; 11:359-64. [PMID: 3470580 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(87)90181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
K-562 is described as a pluripotent leukemic cell line which expresses a diversity of hematopoietic cell differentiation antigens. With the use of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), we show that the expression of these antigens is either "modulated", i.e. they are not expressed in early logarithmic growth but are expressed in late logarithmic growth, or "continuous", i.e. they are not affected by proliferation and phase of culture growth. Whether an antigen is modulated or continuously expressed appears to be an inherent property of the subline, since the expression of myeloid antigen binding the MoAb, PM81, was modulated on cells from a clone, whereas, the expression of this antigen was continuous by the parent subline and an independent subline F-1. Continuously expressed antigens appear to be an integral component of the K-562 cell surface matrix, while modulated antigen expression appears to be influenced by culture growth conditions.
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