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Asif M, Jamal MS, Khan AR, Naseer MI, Hussain A, Choudhry H, Malik A, Khan SA, Mahmoud MM, Ali A, Iram S, Kamran K, Iqbal A, Abduljaleel Z, Pushparaj PN, Rasool M. A Novel Four-Way Complex Variant Translocation Involving Chromosome 46,XY,t(4;9;19;22)(q25:q34;p13.3;q11.2) in a Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patient. Front Oncol 2016; 6:124. [PMID: 27303656 PMCID: PMC4885335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome (9;22)(q34;q11) is well established in more than 90% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, and the remaining 5-8% of CML patients show variant and complex translocations, with the involvement of third, fourth, or fifth chromosome other than 9;22. However, in very rare cases, the fourth chromosome is involved. Here, we found a novel case of four-way Ph+ chromosome translocation involving 46,XY,t(4;9;19;22)(q25:q34;p13.3;q11.2) with CML in the chronic phase. Complete blood cell count of the CML patient was carried out to obtain total leukocytes count, hemoglobin, and platelets. Fluorescence in situ hybridization technique was used for the identification of BCR-ABL fusion gene, and cytogenetic test for the confirmation of Ph (9;22)(q34;q11) and the mechanism of variant translocation in the bone marrow. The patient is successfully treated with a dose of 400 mg/day imatinib mesylate (Gleevec). We observed a significant decrease in white blood cell count of 11.7 × 10(9)/L after 48-month follow-up. Patient started feeling better generally. There was a reduction in the swelling of the body, fatigue, and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan; Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Sarwar Jamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Rehman Khan
- Obesity and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir , Muzaffarabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS) , Quetta , Pakistan
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Shahida Aziz Khan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged Mostafa Mahmoud
- King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt (Affiliation ID 60014618)
| | - Ashraf Ali
- King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Saima Iram
- Bolan Medical Hospital , Quetta, Balochistan , Pakistan
| | - Kashif Kamran
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Balochistan , Quetta , Pakistan
| | - Asim Iqbal
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Balochistan , Quetta , Pakistan
| | | | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
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2
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Rajcan-Separovic E, Bence-Bruckler I, Wells P, Wang H. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of complex translocations in two newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1999; 114:71-4. [PMID: 10526539 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two different complex translocations from newly diagnosed cases of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were characterized by G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. In one case, a unique balanced t(9;22;9;11) (q34;q11;p22;q23) was identified by G-banding, and confirmed by FISH using MBCR/ABL and painting probes. In the second case, an apparently balanced t(19;22) was identified by G-banding analysis. FISH using MBCR/ABL probe detected the fusion gene on the derivative chromosome 22, indicating the involvement of chromosome 9. Further FISH analysis with selected painting probes showed that the t(19;22) was a result of a complex translocation involving chromosomes 9, 19, 21, and 22.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Male
- Translocation, Genetic
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3
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Desmaze C, Brizard F, Turc-Carel C, Melot T, Delattre O, Thomas G, Aurias A. Multiple chromosomal mechanisms generate an EWS/FLI1 or an EWS/ERG fusion gene in Ewing tumors. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1997; 97:12-9. [PMID: 9242212 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation is found in about 85% of Ewing tumors and leads in all cases to an EWS/FLI1 fusion gene. In a few instances, complex translocations, involving chromosomes 11, 22 and a third chromosome or other variant translocations not involving chromosome 11 also have been reported. These rearrangements generate an active fusion gene between the EWS gene and either the human FLI1 gene or other members of the ETS gene family: the ERG gene localized in band 21q22.2, the ETV1 gene localized in band 7p22, or the E1AF gene localized in band 17q12. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on interphase nuclei or metaphases, we report here the characterization of particular karyotypes in Ewing tumors, namely a complex t(2;11;22) translocation, a variant t(12;22) translocation, and one Ewing tumor without specific rearrangements but with an EWS/ERG fusion gene demonstrated by molecular analysis. These molecular cytogenetic methods allowed us (1) to precisely localize the genomic breakpoints within-EWSR1 and EWSR2 and to identify the chromosome carrying the fusion gene; (2) to determine the nature of events generating the fusion genes; (3) to demonstrate that some variant translocations represent masked complex translocations; and (4) to show that the generation of an EWS/ERG fusion gene cannot be obtained through a simple balanced translocation.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Cosmids
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- Ribonucleoproteins/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- C Desmaze
- Laboratory of Tumor Genetics, Curie Institute, Paris, France
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Mohamed AN, Koppitch F, Varterasian M, Karanes C, Yao KL, Sarkar FH. BCR/ABL fusion located on chromosome 9 in chronic myeloid leukemia with a masked Ph chromosome. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1995; 13:133-7. [PMID: 7542908 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870130210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A reciprocal translocation, t(10;22)(q22;q11), resulting in a masked Ph chromosome was identified in a patient diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Both homologs of chromosome 9 were of the normal pattern. Two signals for the ABL probe, both of them hybridized to chromosome 9, were demonstrated via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Furthermore, cohybridization with two differently labeled BCR/ABL translocation DNA probes indicated a BCR/ABL fusion apparently located on 9q34. Molecular studies revealed a rearrangement of the BCR region and expression of a chimeric BCR/ABL mRNA of CML configuration. These findings indicate that the BCR/ABL fusion resulted from an unusual relocation of the BCR gene from its normal position on 22q11 to 9q34 adjacent to the ABL gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Mohamed
- Department of Pathology, Harper Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Speleman F, Van Roy N, Wiegant J, Dierick AM, Uyttendaele D, Leroy JG. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a complex t(10;22;11) translocation in ewing's sarcoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1992; 4:188-91. [PMID: 1373321 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using chromosome-specific plasmid libraries and chromosome region-specific DNA markers allowed the characterization of a t(10;22;11) (p11.2;q12;q24) in a Ewing's sarcoma (ES). This study illustrates the usefulness of molecular cytogenetic analysis of ES, especially for determining the localization of the translocated 11q24-25 segment in complex or variant translocations.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Female
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Tibia/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- F Speleman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Morris C, Kennedy M, Heisterkamp N, Columbano-Green L, Romeril K, Groffen J, Fitzgerald P. A complex chromosome rearrangement forms the BCR-ABL fusion gene in leukemic cells with a normal karyotype. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1991; 3:263-71. [PMID: 1958592 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome in situ hybridization studies showed that the normal karyotype of leukemic cells from a patient with Ph1-negative, BCR-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) concealed a complex t(9;22;20)(q34;q11;p13). The close association of 5'-BCR and 3'-ABL was demonstrated by field inversion gel electrophoresis, and in situ hybridization showed that BCR-ABL was located on the short arm of chromosome 20. Our findings further indicate that chromosome rearrangement is the cause of BCR-ABL gene fusion in leukemic cells that show a normal karyotype. Results from in situ hybridization studies were consistent with formation of the t(9;22;20) by a two step chromosomal rearrangement, but field inversion gel electrophoresis results indicated a more complex rearrangement.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/ultrastructure
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Rearrangement
- Genes, abl
- Genetic Markers
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/pathology
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Restriction Mapping
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morris
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Oncology Unit, Christchurch School of Medicine, New Zealand
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7
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Huret JL. Complex translocations, simple variant translocations and Ph-negative cases in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Hum Genet 1990; 85:565-8. [PMID: 2227945 DOI: 10.1007/bf00193575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A proportion of cases of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) has been described either (1) with a variant translocation, or (2) without the apparent involvement of both 9q34 and 22q11 (Ph-negative CML). All variant translocations have been further demonstrated to be complex implicating 9q34,22q11, plus another breakpoint on a variable chromosome. Complex translocations may be due to two successive events. Some of the breakpoints on the variable chromosome appear to be recurrent, and these remain to be studied for prognostic significance. Ph-negative CML comprises (1) cases of submicroscopic (hidden) insertion of 9q34-ABL within 22q11-BCR, and (2) cases without BCR-ABL rearrangement. We propose this last category to be called "CML-like disease", not to be confused anymore with true CML, and consequently to be studied as a separate entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Huret
- Départment d'Hématologie et Oncologie Médicale, CNRS URA 1338, Hôpital Jean Bernard, Poitiers, France
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8
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Abstract
The human BCR gene on chromosome 22 is specifically involved in the Philadelphia translocation, t(9;22), a chromosomal rearrangement present in the leukemic cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In most cases, the breakpoints on chromosome 22 are found within a 5.8 kb region of DNA designated the major breakpoint cluster region (Mbcr) of the BCR gene. Hybridization experiments have indicated that the human genome contains BCR gene-related sequences. Here we report the molecular cloning of one of these loci, for which we propose the name ABR. In contrast with the other BCR-related genes studied to date, ABR represents a functionally active gene and contains exons very similar to those found within the Mbcr. Unlike the BCR gene, the ABR gene exhibits great genomic variability caused by two different variable tandem repeat regions located in two introns. All other BCR gene-related sequences isolated so far and the BCR gene itself are located on chromosome 22. In contrast, the ABR gene is located on chromosome 17p.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Heisterkamp
- Section of Molecular Diagnosis, Childrens Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027
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9
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Morris CM, Fitzgerald PH, Kennedy MA, Hollings PE, Garry M, Corbett GM. HRAS1 and INS genes are relocated but not structurally altered as a result of the t(7;11)(p15;p15) in a clone from a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia (M4). Br J Haematol 1989; 71:481-6. [PMID: 2713271 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1989.tb06306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A patient whose leukaemic cells carried the rare t(7;11)(p15;p15) was diagnosed as having acute myelomonocytic leukaemia (AML-M4), and supports the association of this specific translocation with forms of acute myeloid leukaemia showing differentiation. Blast phase chronic myeloid leukaemia was excluded by lack of involvement of the ABL and BCR genes. Chromosome in situ hybridization studies showed that both the HRAS1 and INS genes were present on the terminal part of chromosome 11p which was translocated to chromosome 7p. Neither HRAS1 nor INS were structurally rearranged. Field inversion gel electrophoresis showed that a 400 kb fragment encompassing HRAS1 was structurally entire in leukaemic DNA. Because the INS gene, which was also translocated, is probably located proximal to HRAS1 on chromosome 11p, it is unlikely that HRAS1 was near the chromosome 11 breakpoint or involved in this leukaemia.
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MESH Headings
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Genes
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Oncogenes
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Morris
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Oncology Unit, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand
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10
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Morris CM, Bowen J, Fitzgerald PH. Localization of human c-mos to chromosome band 8q11 in leukemic cells with the t(8;21) (q22;q22). Hum Genet 1989; 81:339-42. [PMID: 2703237 DOI: 10.1007/bf00283687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome in situ hybridization studies locate c-mos to chromosome band 8q11 in leukemic cells carrying the t(8;21) (q22;q22). This amends the previous assignment of c-mos to chromosome band 8q22 and conforms with its recent assignment to 8q11 in normal cells and in a cell line with a structurally abnormal chromosome 8. C-mos lies proximally to, and distant from, the breakpoint at 8q22 in the t(8;21) and is unlikely to have a role in the onset of acute myeloid leukemia characterized by this translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Morris
- Cancer Society of New Zealand Cytogenetic and Molecular Oncology Unit, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand
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11
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Morris CM, Rosman I, Archer SA, Cochrane JM, Fitzgerald PH. A cytogenetic and molecular analysis of five variant Philadelphia translocations in chronic myeloid leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1988; 35:179-97. [PMID: 3180020 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(88)90240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Three patients had complex translocations involving 9q34, 22q11, and a third chromosome (Xq11, 7q11.2, or 15q11.2). Two patients had apparently simple variant Philadelphia (Ph) translocations, t(19;22) and t(11;22), with no obvious involvement of chromosome 9, and the Ph was masked in the t(11;22). In situ hybridization studies showed transposition of the abl gene from chromosome 9q34 to the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) of chromosome 22 in all five patients; this was confirmed by rearrangements of the bcr gene in leukemic DNA. In situ hybridization also showed that the bcr-3' and c-sis probes consistently translocated to recipient chromosomes X, 1, 7, 11, and 15, whereas IgC lambda remained on chromosome 22q. These results confirm that association of abl and bcr is a consistent feature of chronic myeloid leukemia irrespective of the cytogenetic presentation and support the conclusion of Hagemeijer that all simple variant Ph translocations are, in fact, complex and involve at least three chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Morris
- Cancer Society of New Zealand Cytogenetics Unit, Christchurch Hospital
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12
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Beard ME, Fitzgerald PH. The Philadelphia chromosome: a brief review. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1988; 18:617-23. [PMID: 3058106 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1988.tb00137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M E Beard
- Department of Hematology, Christchurch Hospital Private Bag, NZ
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