Effects of lithium on dimethyl sulfoxide induced differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells

From power to plants: unveiling the environmental footprint of lithium batteries

Widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries in electronic products, electric cars, and renewable energy systems has raised severe worries about the environmental consequences of spent lithium batteries. Because of its mobility and possible toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, lithium, as a vital component of battery technology, has inherent environmental problems. Leaching of lithium from discharged batteries, as well as its subsequent migration through soil and water, represents serious environmental hazards, since it accumulates in the food chain, impacting ecosystems and human health. This study thoroughly analyses the effects of lithium on plants, including its absorption, transportation, and toxicity. An attempt has been made to examine how lithium moves throughout plants through symplastic and apoplastic pathways and the factors that affect lithium accumulation in plant tissues, such as soil pH and calcium. This review focuses on the possible toxicity of lithium and its impact on ecosystems and human health. Aside from examining the environmental impacts, this review also emphasizes the significance of proper disposal and recycling measures in order to offset the negative effects of used lithium batteries. The paper also highlights the need for ongoing research to develop innovative and sustainable techniques for lithium recovery and remediation.

Induction of the differentiation of HL-60 and WEHI-3B D+ leukemia cells by lithium chloride

The use of lithium chloride in manic-depressive patients and in patients receiving myelo-suppressive cancer chemotherapeutic agents is accompanied by a sustained leukocytosis due to an increase in granulocyte production. This property suggests that lithium chloride may have effects on hematopoietic differentiation. Treatment of cultured WEHI-3B D+ murine myelomonocytic and HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells with millimolar concentrations of lithium chloride resulted in concentration-dependent increases in the number of differentiated myeloid cells, as determined by the ability of the cells to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium and by the binding of myeloid specific antibodies, and was associated with an inhibition of cellular proliferation. The effects of lithium chloride on growth and differentiation were antagonized by KCl, whereas NaCl had little effect. The induction of leukemic cell maturation by lithium chloride was markedly enhanced by the addition of low levels of retinoic acid. In contrast, other differentiation inducing agents (i.e. dimethyl sulfoxide and selenazofurin) had no effect on the degree of maturation induced by lithium. These findings suggest that the combination of lithium chloride and retinoic acid may have clinical utility in the treatment of leukemia through the induction of terminal differentiation.