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Mohan M, Meyer RJ, Anderson JB, Horgen PA. Plasmid-like DNAs in the commercially important mushroom genus Agaricus. Curr Genet 2013; 8:615-9. [PMID: 24178001 DOI: 10.1007/bf00395707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/1984] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two unique plasmid-like DNA components were localized in isolated mitochondria of the commercially important mushroom genus Agaricus: pEM (7.35 ± 0.15 kilobases) and pMPJ (3.65 ± 0.15 kilobases). These DNA moieties were linear; pEM possessed regions of terminal inverted repeated sequences. No homology was detected between pEM or pMPJ DNA and the nuclear or mitochondrial genomes. No homology existed between pEM and pMPJ. This suggests independent replication of pEM and pMPJ. Restriction endonuclease digests indicated that pEM consisted of two components (pEM1 and pEM2) with uniquely different restriction sites and copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohan
- Mushroom Research Group, Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Erindale Campus, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Ospina-Giraldo MD, Collopy PD, Romaine CP, Royse DJ. Classification of sequences expressed during the primordial and basidiome stages of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Fungal Genet Biol 2000; 29:81-94. [PMID: 10919377 DOI: 10.1006/fgbi.2000.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries were constructed from tissues isolated from primordia and basidiomes of Agaricus bisporus to characterize genes involved in mushroom development. Using single-pass sequencing of 869 cDNA clones, we found 477 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), including 466 not previously described in the databases for A. bisporus. A BLASTX search revealed that 374 ESTs had similarities with protein sequences available from databases; 193 of these ESTs were categorized according to their putative function. Most ESTs were assigned to one of four roles: metabolism (23%), cell structure (15%), cell growth and division (12%), and protein destination and storage (10%). The remaining ESTs with putative homologues were classified in 10 additional categories. Many ESTs could not be functionally assigned. Based on redundancy levels, at least 4 ESTs were preferentially expressed in each tissue type. Sequence analysis also suggested the presence of paralog tyrosinase genes in the A. bisporus genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Ospina-Giraldo
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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Segregation of genotypically diverse progeny from self-fertilized haploids of the Chinese straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1017/s0953756299001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sonnenberg AS, de Groot PW, Schaap PJ, Baars JJ, Visser J, Van Griensven LJ. Isolation of expressed sequence tags of Agaricus bisporus and their assignment to chromosomes. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:4542-7. [PMID: 8953726 PMCID: PMC168281 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.12.4542-4547.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of the cultivated basidiomycete Agaricus bisporus Horst U1 and of its homokaryotic parents has been characterized by using an optimized method of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Expressed sequence tags obtained as expressed cDNAs from a primordial tissue-derived cDNA library and a number of previously isolated genes were used to identify the individual chromosomes of the parental lines of Horst U1. The genome consists of 13 chromosomes, and its total size is 31 Mb. For those chromosomes that could not be resolved by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis, the segregation of marker genes was studied in a set of 86 homokaryotic offspring of Horst U1. At least two markers were assigned to each individual chromosome. In this way all individual chromosomes were unequivocally identified. The large size difference observed between the homologous chromosomes IX, harboring the rDNA repeat, was shown to be largely due to a higher copy number of rDNA in parental strain H97 than in parental strain H39.
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Backlund JE, Szabo LJ. Physical characteristics of the genome of the phytopathogenic fungus Puccinia graminis. Curr Genet 1993; 24:89-93. [PMID: 8358836 DOI: 10.1007/bf00324670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The physical characteristics of the genome of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the wheat stem rust fungus, were determined by reassociation kinetics. The results indicate that the haploid genome contains 67 Mb and consists of three classes of DNA sequences: (1) 64% unique; (2) 30% repetitive; and (3) 4% foldback. The repetitive sequences have a total complexity of 390 kb and are repeated an average of 52 times. The base composition was 45.3% G+C based on an analysis of the DNA melting temperature. The average amount of DNA per ungerminated urediniospore by diphenylamine assay, corrected for losses during extraction, was 435 fg. This was three times the expected value (147 fg) for dikaryotic spores with nuclei in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, an indication that the spores were in G2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Backlund
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
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Raguz S, Yagüe E, Wood DA, Thurston CF. Isolation and characterization of a cellulose-growth-specific gene from Agaricus bisporus. Gene 1992; 119:183-90. [PMID: 1398098 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The edible basidiomycete, Agaricus bisporus, produces extracellular endoglucanase. Endoglucanase production is induced by cellulose and repressed by fructose in A. bisporus grown on minimal medium, and is regulated in activity during fruiting body development. An anti-endoglucanase antibody was used to isolate cellulase-related genes. Three main polypeptides of 38, 58, and 60 kDa were immunoprecipitated by the antibody from products of in vitro cell-free translation of mRNAs isolated from cellulose-grown mycelium. No cross-reaction was detected with the translated products from fructose-grown mycelium. This antibody was used to immunoscreen a lambda ZAPII-cDNA expression library made from mRNA isolated from cellulose-grown mycelium. Two cDNA cross-reacting clones, pSRc110 and pSRc200, were isolated. Clones pSRc110 and pSRc200 cross-hybridized and had the same restriction map. Clone pSRc200 hybrid selected an mRNA that on cell-free translation produced a 38-kDa polypeptide. The cDNA fragment from pSRc200 hybridized to a 1.3-kb mRNA from cellulose-grown mycelium. No hybridization was observed when using fructose-grown mycelium mRNA. Thus, the gene (cel1) expressing the 1.3-kb mRNA, is differentially regulated by the carbon source of the culture medium. The cell gene was isolated in a 8.9-kb EcoRI genomic fragment after hybridization to pSRc200. Sequences similar to those in the egl1 and cbh2 genes from Trichoderma reesi were found upstream from the ATG start codon in cel1. Nine short intervening sequences disrupt the cel1 coding sequence, and a strong bias against codons ending with G and A was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Raguz
- Division of Biosphere Sciences, King's College London, UK
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Robison MM, Royer JC, Horgen PA. Homology between mitochondrial DNA of Agaricus bisporus and an internal portion of a linear mitochondrial plasmid of Agaricus bitorquis. Curr Genet 1991; 19:495-502. [PMID: 1879001 DOI: 10.1007/bf00312742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus, the cultivated mushroom, contains a mitochondrial fragment (50H) which was previously demonstrated by Southern hybridization to have sequence similarity to an internal region of pEM, a linear mitochondrial plasmid of Agaricus bitorquis. The nucleotide sequence of 50H was determined and compared to the sequence of the corresponding pEM fragment. The region of sequence homology on pEM is contained within an open reading frame (ORF) that may encode an RNA polymerase, but 50H is neither an intact nor a complete copy of the ORF. pEM also contains an ORF with characteristics of genes for virus-encoded DNA polymerases. pEM appears to be very similar to other linear mitochondrial plasmids (in fungi and higher plants) reported to contain ORFs that may encode the same types of polymerases. The potential functionality of the pEM sequence suggests that it has diverged less than the mitochondrial fragment from a common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Robison
- Department of Botany, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Vilgalys D, Gonzalez D. Organization of ribosomal DNA in the basidiomycete Thanatephorus praticola. Curr Genet 1990; 18:277-80. [PMID: 2249259 DOI: 10.1007/bf00318394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Yoganathan T, Lin H, Buck GA. An electrophoretic karyotype and assignment of ribosomal genes to resolved chromosomes of Pneumocystis carinii. Mol Microbiol 1989; 3:1473-80. [PMID: 2615653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to generate a molecular karyotype of chromosomes from the opportunistic AIDS pathogen, Pneumocystis carinii. P. carinii cysts and trophozoites were isolated from immunosuppressed rats, lysed in situ in agarose blocks, and subjected to orthogonal-field gel electrophoresis (OFAGE) and contour-clamped homogeneous-field gel electrophoresis (CHEF). OFAGE and CHEF gels resolved, respectively, 16 or 20 chromosome bands ranging in size from 0.32-1.5 megabase pairs. Summation of the estimated sizes of these chromosomes suggested a total genome complexity for P. carinii of 8-16 megabase pairs. Homologous probes for the genes encoding the 18S, 5.8S, and 5S ribosomal RNAs were hybridized to filter blots of the pulsed-field gels to map these genes to specific P. carinii chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoganathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298
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Castle AJ, Horgen PA, Anderson JB. Crosses among Homokaryons from Commercial and Wild-Collected Strains of the Mushroom
Agaricus brunnescens
(=
A. bisporus
). Appl Environ Microbiol 1988; 54:1643-8. [PMID: 16347674 PMCID: PMC202721 DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.7.1643-1648.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new technique for the production of hybrid strains of the cultivated mushroom
Agaricus brunnescens
is described. Homokaryons were recovered from regenerated protoplasts obtained from several heterokaryotic strains. A total of 16 novel hybrids were produced in 63 attempted crosses between paired homokaryons. Recovery of both homokaryons and hybrids was verified by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Three of four hybrids fruited in small-scale tests, further confirming that the isolates were true hybrids. Colony morphology alone was found to be a poor indicator of hybrid status. In two instances, three homokaryons crossed successfully in all combinations, suggesting that there are at least three alleles at the putative mating-type locus. Crosses between homokaryons from commercial and wild-collected isolates indicated that these strains belong to the same biological species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Castle
- Department of Botany, Center for Plant Biotechnology, University of Toronto, Erindale Campus, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
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Jahnke KD, Bahnweg G. Assessing natural relationships in the Basidiomycetes by DNA analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-1536(86)80019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Murrin F, Holtby J, Noland RA, Davidson WS. The genome ofEntomophaga aulicae (Entomophthorales, Zygomycetes): Base composition and size. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0147-5975(86)90032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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The mitochondrial DNAs of Agaricus: heterogeneity in A. bitorquis and homogeneity in A. brunnescens. Curr Genet 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00436960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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