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Colf LA, Bankovich AJ, Hanick NA, Bowerman NA, Jones LL, Kranz DM, Garcia KC. How a single T cell receptor recognizes both self and foreign MHC. Cell 2007; 129:135-46. [PMID: 17418792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Revised: 01/01/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
alphabeta T cell receptors (TCRs) can crossreact with both self- and foreign- major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins in an enigmatic phenomenon termed alloreactivity. Here we present the 2.35 A structure of the 2C TCR complexed with its foreign ligand H-2L(d)-QL9. Surprisingly, we find that this TCR utilizes a different strategy to engage the foreign pMHC in comparison to the manner in which it recognizes a self ligand H-2K(b)-dEV8. 2C engages both shared and polymorphic residues on L(d) and K(b), as well as the unrelated QL9 and dEV8 peptide antigens, in unique pair-wise contacts, resulting in greater structural complementarity with the L(d)-QL9 complex. In the structure of an engineered, high-affinity 2C TCR variant bound to H-2L(d)-QL9, the "wild-type" TCR-MHC binding orientation persists despite modified TCR-CDR3alpha interactions with peptide. Thus, a single TCR recognizes two globally similar, but distinct ligands by divergent mechanisms, indicating that receptor-ligand crossreactivity can occur in the absence of molecular mimicry.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Autoantigens/chemistry
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Complementarity Determining Regions/metabolism
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- H-2 Antigens/chemistry
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Isoantigens/chemistry
- Isoantigens/immunology
- Isoantigens/metabolism
- Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex/chemistry
- Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex/immunology
- Ligands
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/immunology
- Peptides/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Leremy A Colf
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Hornell TMC, Solheim JC, Myers NB, Gillanders WE, Balendiran GK, Hansen TH, Connolly JM. Alloreactive and Syngeneic CTL Are Comparably Dependent on Interaction with MHC Class I α-Helical Residues. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.6.3217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The molecular basis for the difference in the strength of T cell responses to self vs alloantigens is unknown, but may reflect how T cells are selected in the thymus. Because T cells with a high affinity for foreign as opposed to self MHC molecules are able to mature, it has been proposed that alloreactive T cells may be more strongly dependent upon interaction with MHC residues than are self-restricted T cells. This study was undertaken to rigorously address this hypothesis. Whereas other studies have compared self vs alloantigen recognition of different MHC alleles by a single T cell clone, we have compared self vs alloantigen recognition of a single MHC allele, H-2Ld, by a large panel of self-restricted and alloreactive T cell clones. Target cells expressing Ld molecules mutated at several different potential TCR contact residues were analyzed to determine which residues are important for recognition by self-restricted vs alloreactive T cells. We unequivocally demonstrate that self-restricted and alloreactive T cells do not differ, but rather are comparably dependent on interaction with MHC residues. Importantly, both self-restricted and alloreactive T cells are dependent upon the same MHC residues as primary contacts and, in addition, share a common recognition pattern of Ld. Furthermore, our analysis enables us to provide a model for allotype-specific T cell recognition of Ld vs Kb class I molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M. C. Hornell
- *Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Joyce C. Solheim
- *Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Nancy B. Myers
- *Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - William E. Gillanders
- *Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | | | - Ted H. Hansen
- *Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Janet M. Connolly
- *Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
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Münz C, Obst R, Osen W, Stevanović S, Rammensee HG. Alloreactivity as a Source of High Avidity Peptide-Specific Human CTL. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
PBL from HLA-A2− or HLA-A3− donors were stimulated with synthetic peptide libraries fitting HLA-A2 or HLA-A3 motifs and presented on HLA-A2- or HLA-A3-expressing TAP− cells. Peptide library-specific allorestricted CTL were found to constitute up to half the alloreactive CTL response and occurred at twofold lower frequency than autologous peptide library-specific CTL. This indicates that positive selection by one particular MHC class I molecule is not absolutely essential for the generation of CTL restricted to the same molecule. However, positive selection increases their frequency. The CTL obtained differed greatly both with respect to peptide dependency and peptide specificity. Determination of the peptide avidity for one representative CTL clone, 10F4, proved that the method described here allows the stimulation of high avidity cytotoxic T cells. This approach involving in vitro stimulation of T cells restricted toward a MHC molecule that was not present during their negative selection might therefore offer the possibility of isolating CTL against self and foreign peptides with varying avidities. Such T cells might indeed be useful for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- *Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
- †Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021
| | - Reinhard Obst
- *Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Wolfram Osen
- *Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- *Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- *Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
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Speir JA, Garcia KC, Brunmark A, Degano M, Peterson PA, Teyton L, Wilson IA. Structural basis of 2C TCR allorecognition of H-2Ld peptide complexes. Immunity 1998; 8:553-62. [PMID: 9620676 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MHC class I H-2Ld complexed with peptide QL9 (or p2Ca) is a high-affinity alloantigen for the 2C TCR. We used the crystal structure of H-2Ld with a mixture of bound peptides at 3.1 A to construct a model of the allogeneic 2C-Ld/QL9 complex for comparison with the syngeneic 2C-Kb/dEV8 structure. A prominent ridge on the floor of the Ld peptide-binding groove, not present in Kb, creates a C-terminal bulge in Ld peptides that greatly increases interactions with the 2C beta-chain. Furthermore, weak electrostatic complementarity between Asp77 on the alpha1 helix of Kb and 2C is enhanced in the allogeneic complex by closer proximity of QL9 peptide residue AspP8 to the 2C HV4 loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Speir
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Manning TC, Schlueter CJ, Brodnicki TC, Parke EA, Speir JA, Garcia KC, Teyton L, Wilson IA, Kranz DM. Alanine scanning mutagenesis of an alphabeta T cell receptor: mapping the energy of antigen recognition. Immunity 1998; 8:413-25. [PMID: 9586632 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) from the alloreactive T lymphocyte 2C recognizes a nonamer peptide QL9 complexed with the MHC class I molecule H2-Ld. Forty-two single-site alanine substitutions of the 2C TCR were analyzed for binding to QL9/Ld and anti-TCR antibodies. The results provided a detailed energy map of T cell antigen recognition and indicated that the pMHC and clonotypic antibody epitopes on the TCR were similar. Although residues in each Valpha and Vbeta CDR are important in binding pMHC, the most significant energy for the TCR/QL9/Ld interaction was contributed by CDRs 1 and 2 of both alpha and beta chains. The extent to which the individual energy contributions are directed at class I helices or peptide was also assessed.
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MESH Headings
- Alanine/chemistry
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antibodies/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Epitopes
- H-2 Antigens/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Folding
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Thermodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Manning
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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Frelinger JA, McMillan M. The role of peptide specificity in MHC class I-restricted allogeneic responses. Immunol Rev 1996; 154:45-58. [PMID: 9034863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1996.tb00929.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Frelinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7290, USA
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Louie KA, Ochoa-Garay J, Chen PJ, McKinney D, Groshen S, McMillan M. H-2Ld-alloreactive T cell hybridomas utilize diverse V alpha and V beta T cell receptor chains. Mol Immunol 1996; 33:747-58. [PMID: 8811070 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(96)00034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have sequenced the TCRs from Ld-specific alloreactive T cell hybridomas, whose reactivities we have found to be quite representative of those of a primary dm2 anti-BALB/cJ mixed lymphocyte reaction. We find V beta 6, V beta 7, V beta 8 and V beta 10 gene segments. V alpha usage is diverse, although closely related to that from peptide-specific Ld-restricted CTLs. V alpha-V beta selection provides evidence of preferential pairing. Amino acid frequency analysis shows that the alpha CDR2 region is rich in charged amino acids, in contrast to the beta CDR2 region. Our data suggests the beta chain may be more immunoglobulin-like than the alpha chain, and that charge complementarity may be important in TCR-MHC interactions. We do not consider our results to be contradictory to those previously reported but rather they may represent an early, more diverse response.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Female
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Hybridomas/chemistry
- Hybridomas/immunology
- Hybridomas/metabolism
- Isoantigens/immunology
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Louie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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Connolly JM. The peptide p2Ca is immunodominant in allorecognition of Ld by beta chain variable region V beta 8+ but not V beta 8- strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:11482-6. [PMID: 7972088 PMCID: PMC45255 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.24.11482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An explanation for the vigorous allograft rejection that results from the recognition by CD8+ T cells of allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules has long eluded immunologists. Recent evidence has demonstrated that alloreactivity involves recognition of both the allogeneic MHC molecule and its associated peptide ligand, suggesting the current theory that the strength of the allogeneic response results from the participation of numerous peptides. However, I report here that a single peptide, p2Ca, is immunodominant in allorecognition of the murine MHC class I molecule H-2Ld. The majority of Ld-alloreactive T-cell clones are specific for Ld-p2Ca and this immunodominance is not due to peptide cross-reactivity. Generation of Ld-alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes in a strain tolerant to p2Ca did not affect the peptide immunodominance, demonstrating that tolerance to p2Ca is MHC-restricted. The p2Ca-specific clones express beta chain variable region V beta 8 T-cell receptors, however, Ld-alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes generated in V beta 8- mice are not dominated by recognition of p2Ca, suggesting that the T-cell receptor repertoire is a factor in determining peptide immunodominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Connolly
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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