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Berwanger E, Vieira SL, Angel CR, Kindlein L, Mayer AN, Ebbing MA, Lopes M. Copper requirements of broiler breeder hens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2785-2797. [PMID: 29767800 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One-hundred-twenty Cobb 500 hens, 20 wk of age, were randomly allocated into individual cages with the objective of estimating Cu requirements. After being fed a Cu deficient diet for 4 wk, hens were fed diets with graded increments of supplemental Cu (0.0; 3.5; 7.0; 10.5; 14; and 17.5 ppm) from Cu sulfate (CuSO4 5H2O), totaling 2.67; 5.82; 9.38; 12.92; 16.83; and 20.19 ppm analyzed Cu in feeds for 20 weeks. Estimations of Cu requirements were done using exponential asymptotic (EA), broken line quadratic (BLQ), and quadratic polynomial (QP) models. Obtained Cu requirements for hen d egg production and total settable eggs per hen were 6.2, 7.3, and 12.9 ppm and 8.1, 9.0, and 13.4 ppm, respectively, using EA, BLQ, and QP models. The QP model was the only one having a fit for total eggs per hen with 13.1 ppm Cu as a requirement. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum Cu from hens had requirements estimated as 13.9, 11.3, and 18.5, ppm; 14.6, 13.0, and 19.0 ppm; and 16.2, 14.6, and 14.2 ppm, respectively, for EA, BLQ, and QP models. Hatching chick hemoglobin was not affected by dietary Cu, whereas requirements estimated for hatching chick hematocrit and body weight and length were 10.2, 12.3, and 13.3 ppm using EA, BLQ, and QP models; and 6.8 and 7.1 ppm, and 12.9 and 13.9 ppm Cu using EA and BLQ models, respectively. Maximum responses for egg weight, yolk Cu content, and eggshell membrane thickness were 14.9, 12.7, and 15.1 ppm; 15.0, 16.3, and 15.7 ppm; and 7.3, 7.8, and 14.0 ppm Cu, respectively, for EA, BLQ, and QP models. Yolk and albumen percentage were adjusted only with the QP model and had requirements estimated at 11.0 ppm and 11.3 ppm, respectively, whereas eggshell mammillary layer was maximized with 10.6, 10.1, and 14.4 ppm Cu using EA, BLQ, and QP models, respectively. The average of all Cu requirement estimates obtained in the present study was 12.5 ppm Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Berwanger
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91540-000
| | - S L Vieira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91540-000
| | - C R Angel
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - L Kindlein
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 8834, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91540-000
| | - A N Mayer
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91540-000
| | - M A Ebbing
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91540-000
| | - M Lopes
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91540-000
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Tieghem E, Van Dael H, Van Cauwelaert F. A circular dichroic study of Cu(II) binding to bovine alpha-lactalbumin. J Inorg Biochem 1991; 42:119-31. [PMID: 1856720 DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(91)80038-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The visible and ultraviolet circular dichroic spectra resulting from the interaction of bovine alpha-lactalbumin with successive Cu(II) ions have been recorded under a variety of conditions. Analysis of the observed change-transfer and d-d band transitions can be made in terms of two kinds of binding sites: at a histidyl group and at the N-terminal amino group, respectively. At basic pH the amide nitrogens of the peptide backbone progressively take part in the coordination. The occupation of the high affinity calcium binding site by Ca(II) and Mn(II) does not influence the Cu(II) binding process, suggesting that there is no direct interaction between this site and the Cu(II) binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tieghem
- Interdisciplinair Research Centrum, Kortrijk, Belgium
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