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Suzuki O, Hamai R, Sakai S. The material design of octacalcium phosphate bone substitute: increased dissolution and osteogenecity. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:1-11. [PMID: 36581004 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) has been advocated as a precursor of bone apatite crystals. Recent studies have shown that synthetic OCP exhibits highly osteoconductive properties as a bone substitute material that stems from its ability to activate bone tissue-related cells, such as osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Accumulated experimental evidence supports the proposition that the OCP-apatite phase conversion under physiological conditions increases the stimulatory capacity of OCP. The conversion of OCP progresses by hydrolysis toward Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite with Ca2+ ion incorporation and inorganic phosphate ion release with concomitant increases in the solid Ca/P molar ratio, specific surface area, and serum protein adsorption affinity. The ionic dissolution rate during the hydrolysis reaction was controlled by introducing a high-density edge dislocation within the OCP lattice by preparing it through co-precipitation with gelatin. The enhanced dissolution intensifies the material biodegradation rate and degree of osteogenecity of OCP. Controlling the biodegradation rate relative to the dissolution acceleration may be vital for controlling the osteogenecity of OCP materials. This study investigates the effects of the ionic dissolution of OCP, focusing on the structural defects in OCP, as the enhanced metastability of the OCP phase modulates biodegradability followed by new bone formation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is recognized as a highly osteoconductive material that is biodegradable by osteoclastic resorption, followed by new bone formation by osteoblasts. However, if the degradation rate of OCP is increased by maintaining the original osteoconductivity or acquiring a bioactivity better than its current properties, then early replacement with new bone can be expected. Although cell introduction or growth factor addition by scaffold materials is the standard method for tissue engineering, material activity can be augmented by introducing dislocations into the lattice of the OCP. This review article summarizes the effects of introducing structural defects on activating OCP, which was obtained by co-precipitation with gelatin, as a bone substitute material and the mechanism of improved bone replacement performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Ryo Hamai
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Susumu Sakai
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Kuczumow A, Gorzelak M, Kosiński J, Lasota A, Blicharski T, Gągała J, Nowak J, Jarzębski M, Jabłoński M. Hierarchy of Bioapatites. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179537. [PMID: 36076932 PMCID: PMC9455617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apatites are one of the most intensively studied materials for possible biomedical applications. New perspectives of possible application of apatites correspond with the development of nanomaterials and nanocompounds. Here, an effort to systematize different kinds of human bioapatites forming bones, dentin, and enamel was undertaken. The precursors of bioapatites and hydroxyapatite were also considered. The rigorous consideration of compositions and stoichiometry of bioapatites allowed us to establish an order in their mutual sequence. The chemical reactions describing potential transformations of biomaterials from octacalcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite via all intermediate stages were postulated. Regardless of whether the reactions occur in reality, all apatite biomaterials behave as if they participate in them. To conserve the charge, additional free charges were introduced, with an assumed meaning to be joined with the defects. The distribution of defects was coupled with the values of crystallographic parameters “a” and “c”. The energetic balances of bioapatite transformations were calculated. The apatite biomaterials are surprisingly regular structures with non-integer stoichiometric coefficients. The results presented here will be helpful for the further design and development of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kuczumow
- ComerLab Dorota Nowak, Radawiec Duży 196, 21-030 Motycz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.K.); or (M.J.); Tel.: +48-535-255-775 (M.J.)
| | - Mieczysław Gorzelak
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Kosiński
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lasota
- Chair and Department of Jaw Orthopedics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Blicharski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gągała
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Nowak
- ComerLab Dorota Nowak, Radawiec Duży 196, 21-030 Motycz, Poland
| | - Maciej Jarzębski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.K.); or (M.J.); Tel.: +48-535-255-775 (M.J.)
| | - Mirosław Jabłoński
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Kovrlija I, Locs J, Loca D. Octacalcium phosphate: Innovative vehicle for the local biologically active substance delivery in bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:27-47. [PMID: 34450339 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Disadvantages of conventional drug delivery systems (DDS), such as systemic circulation, interaction with physiochemical factors, reduced bioavailability, and insufficient drug concentration at bone defect site, have underlined the importance of developing efficacious local drug delivery systems. Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is presumed to be the precursor of biologically formed apatite, owing to its similarity to hydroxyapatite (HAp) and readiness to convert to it. Specific crystal structure of OCP is constructed of compiled apatite layers and water layers, which make possible the incorporation of various ions in its structure, making it feasible to alter the overall effect OCP has in the system. Next to that intrinsic property, characteristics as high solubility, biodegradability and osteoconductivity have made it indispensable to tailor OCP as a carrier material. In this review, we present the main characteristics and progress done on utilizing OCP as an innovative vehicle and provide suggestions for possible research pathways and advantages for local drug delivery in bone tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Octacalcium phosphate (OCP), being a precursor to biologically formed apatite, has many assets when compared to other calcium phosphates. Owing to its highly pertinent structure, it is being used as a vehicle for biologically active substances or ions for bone regeneration. However, orchestrating drug delivery systems with OCP, in order to achieve the best possible outcome, is still a pioneering concept, and the all-encompassing data is still scarce. Although several articles have been published on this matter, to this date there is no systematic overview pointing out the benefits that OCP can bring in the field of drug delivery. Here we offer a comprehensive overview, starting from the OCP synthesis to its structure, morphology, and the biological significance OCP has.
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Shen D, Horiuchi N, Nozaki S, Miyashin M, Yamashita K, Nagai A. Synthesis and enhanced bone regeneration of carbonate substituted octacalcium phosphate. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:9-21. [PMID: 28269740 DOI: 10.3233/bme-171651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using a wet method, we have synthesized octacalcium phosphate carbonate, in which HPO42- in octacalcium phosphate is replaced with CO32-. The physical, crystal, and chemical properties of this new material were compared to octacalcium phosphate, Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite, and Ca-deficient carbonate apatite using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Surface roughness and morphology were also characterized, along with the ability to support proliferation and differentiation of MG63 cells, as measured by MTT and alkaline phosphatase assay. We found that octacalcium phosphate carbonate enhanced osteoblast proliferation more strongly than all other materials tested. Similarly, Ca-deficient carbonate apatite, a hydrolysate of octacalcium phosphate carbonate, stimulated osteoblast differentiation to a better extent than Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite, a carbonate-free hydrolysate of octacalcium phosphate. These results indicate that octacalcium phosphate carbonate has good biocompatibility and osteoconduction, and incorporation of carbonate into octacalcium phosphate and apatite enhances bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghe Shen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Developmental Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.,Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Naohiro Horiuchi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Sosuke Nozaki
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Michiyo Miyashin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Developmental Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Yamashita
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Akiko Nagai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Rouzière S, Bazin D, Daudon M. In-lab X-ray fluorescence and diffraction techniques for pathological calcifications. CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Suzuki O. Octacalcium phosphate (OCP)-based bone substitute materials. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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7
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Lippert F, Hara A. Strontium and Caries: A Long and Complicated Relationship. Caries Res 2012; 47:34-49. [DOI: 10.1159/000343008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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8
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Rokidi S, Koutsoukos PG. Crystal growth of calcium phosphates from aqueous solutions in the presence of strontium. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Suzuki O. Octacalcium phosphate: osteoconductivity and crystal chemistry. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3379-87. [PMID: 20371385 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP), which is structurally similar to hydroxyapatite (HA), is a possible precursor of bone apatite crystals. Although disagreement remains as to whether OCP comprises the initial mineral crystals in the early stage of bone mineralization, the results of recent biomaterial studies using synthetic OCP indicate the potential role of OCP as a bone substitute material, owing to its highly osteoconductive and biodegradable characteristics. OCP tends to convert to HA not only in an in vitro environment, but also as an implant in bone defects. Several lines of evidence from both in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that the conversion process could be involved in the stimulatory capacity of OCP for osteoblastic differentiation and osteoclast formation. However, the osteoconductivity of OCP cannot always be secured if an OCP with distinct crystal characteristics is used, because the stoichiometry and microstructure of OCP crystals greatly affect bone-regenerative properties. Osteoconductivity and stimulatory capabilities may be caused by the chemical characteristics of OCP, which allows the release or exchange of calcium and phosphate ions with the surrounding of this salt, and its tendency to grow towards specific crystal faces, which could be a variable of the synthesis condition. This paper reviews the effect of calcium phosphates on osteoblastic activity and bone regeneration, with a special emphasis on OCP, since OCP seems to be performing better than other calcium phosphates in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Boanini E, Gazzano M, Bigi A. Ionic substitutions in calcium phosphates synthesized at low temperature. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:1882-94. [PMID: 20040384 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ionic substitutions have been proposed as a tool to improve the biological performance of calcium phosphate based materials. This review provides an overview of the recent results achieved on ion-substituted calcium phosphates prepared at low temperature, i.e. by direct synthesis in aqueous medium or through hydrolysis of more soluble calcium phosphates. Particular attention is focused on several ions, including Si, Sr, Mg, Zn and Mn, which are attracting increasing interest for their possible biological role, and on the recent trends and developments in the applications of ion-substituted calcium phosphates in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boanini
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Giocondi JL, El-Dasher BS, Nancollas GH, Orme CA. Molecular mechanisms of crystallization impacting calcium phosphate cements. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2010; 368:1937-61. [PMID: 20308110 PMCID: PMC2944390 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The biomineral calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO(4).2H(2)O), known as brushite, is a malleable material that both grows and dissolves faster than most other calcium minerals, including other calcium phosphate phases, calcium carbonates and calcium oxalates. Within the body, this ready formation and dissolution can play a role in certain diseases, such as kidney stone and plaque formation. However, these same properties, along with brushite's excellent biocompatibility, can be used to great benefit in making resorbable biomedical cements. To optimize cements, additives are commonly used to control crystallization kinetics and phase transformation. This paper describes the use of in situ scanning probe microscopy to investigate the role of several solution parameters and additives in brushite atomic step motion. Surprisingly, this work demonstrates that the activation barrier for phosphate (rather than calcium) incorporation limits growth kinetics and that additives such as magnesium, citrate and bisphosphonates each influence step motion in distinctly different ways. Our findings provide details of how, and where, molecules inhibit or accelerate kinetics. These insights have the potential to aid in designing molecules to target specific steps and to guide synergistic combinations of additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Giocondi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Bassem S. El-Dasher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - George H. Nancollas
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Christine A. Orme
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
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12
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Fluoride-containing bioactive glasses: surface reactivity in simulated body fluids solutions. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:3548-62. [PMID: 19523544 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The issue of the contribution of the addition of F to glass bioactivity is not well resolved. This work reports on the surface reactivity in different solutions (DMEM and Tris) for some potentially bioactive glasses based on the composition of 45S5 glass, in which CaF(2) is substituted alternately for (part of) CaO and Na(2)O. The reactivity of F-containing glasses has been compared with that of the reference 45S5 system. The aim of this study is to explain in detail the mechanism of formation of an apatitic crystalline phase at the interface between the inorganic material and simulated biological media. A multi-technique investigation approach proposes a set of reactions involving Ca-carbonate formation, which are somewhat different from that formerly proposed by Hench for 45S5 bioactive glass, and which occur when a F-containing glass surface is in contact with a SBF. The usefulness of IR spectroscopy in recognizing the starting step of apatite (and/or FA) formation with respect to XRD technique is well established here.
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Bigi A, Boanini E, Borghi M, Cojazzi G, Panzavolta S, Roveri N. Synthesis and hydrolysis of octacalcium phosphate: effect of sodium polyacrylate. J Inorg Biochem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(99)00047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Johnsson MS, Nancollas GH. The role of brushite and octacalcium phosphate in apatite formation. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 1992; 3:61-82. [PMID: 1730071 DOI: 10.1177/10454411920030010601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies of apatite mineral formation are complicated by the possibility of forming several calcium phosphate phases. The least soluble, hydroxyapatite (HAP), is preferentially formed under neutral or basic conditions. In more acidic solutions phases such as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (Brushite, DCPD) and octacalcium phosphate (OCP) are often found. Even under ideal HAP precipitation conditions the precipitates are generally nonstoichiometric, suggesting the formation of calcium-deficient apatites. Both DCPD and OCP have been implicated as possible precursors to the formation of apatite. This may occur by the initial precipitation of DCPD and/or OCP followed by transformation to a more apatitic phase. Although DCPD and OCP are often detected during in vitro crystallization, in vivo studies of bone formation rarely show the presence of these acidic calcium phosphate phases. In the latter case the situation is more complicated, since a large number of ions and molecules are present that can be incorporated into the crystal lattice or adsorbed at the crystallite surfaces. In biological apatite, DCPD and OCP are usually detected only during pathological calcification where the pH is often relatively low. In normal in vivo calcifications these phases have not been found, suggesting the involvement of other precursors or the formation of an initial amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP) followed by transformation to apatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Johnsson
- Chemistry Department, State University of New York, Buffalo 14124
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15
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Bigi A, Cojazzi G, Gazzano M, Ripamonti A, Roveri N. Thermal conversion of octacalcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite. J Inorg Biochem 1990; 40:293-9. [PMID: 1964955 DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(90)80063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The thermal conversion of octacalcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite has been investigated by a crystallographic, thermogravimetric, and calorimetric study. The conversion of octacalcium phosphate takes place through the remotion of three of its five water molecules and yields a poor crystalline apatitic phase. The three water molecules are lost in two steps. The first one, which is reversible, corresponds to the remotion of one water molecule and induces a slight contraction of the unit cell of OCP. The successive remotion of two water molecules, which provokes the structural conversion of OCP into apatite, is in irreversible process. The mechanism of the water loss of OCP is explained in terms of its crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bigi
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Universitá di Bologna, Italy
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