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New Pt-NNSO core anticancer agents: Structural optimization and investigation of their anticancer activity. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 170:34-45. [PMID: 28214754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of new platinum Pt(II) compounds possessing a bidentate leaving ligand modified from oxaliplatin has been synthesized, with one of the oxygen ligating atom substituted for a sulphur atom (resulting in a Pt-NNSO coordination core structure). The general structures are R,R-diaminocyclohexane (DACH)-Pt-(methylthio)acetic acid (K4) and DACH-Pt-(thiophenylacetic acid) (K4 derivatives). Substitution of an electron donating or withdrawing group at the ortho or para position on the phenyl ring of K4 derivatives was found to affect the complexes' stability, reactivity with the biological molecules (5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP) and L-methionine (L-Met)) and anticancer activity. 1H NMR experiments demonstrated that Pt-NNSO complexes formed a mixture of mono- and diadduct with 5'-GMP in various ratios, which are different from the classical Pt drugs (forming mainly diadduct). In addition, all of the K4 derivatives with improved lipophilicity are less deactivated by L-Met in comparison to cisplatin (CDDP) and oxaliplatin. Biological assessments showed that all Pt-NNSO complexes are less toxic than CDDP in normal porcine kidney cells and are minimally affected by drug resistance. Some of the new compounds also displayed comparable anticancer activity to CDDP or better than carboplatin in a few cancer cell lines. The lower reactivity of the Pt-NNSO compounds than CDDP towards thiol molecules, presumably leading to less efflux in resistant cancer cells, and the ability to inhibit autophagy were believed to allow the new compounds to be less affected by Pt resistance.
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Siebel S, Dammann C, Sanz Miguel PJ, Drewello T, Kampf G, Teubner N, Bednarski PJ, Freisinger E, Lippert B. Analogues of Cis- and Transplatin with a Rich Solution Chemistry:cis-[PtCl2(NH3)(1-MeC-N3)] andtrans-[PtI2(NH3)(1-MeC-N3)]. Chemistry 2015; 21:17827-43. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Weidmann AG, Barton JK. A monofunctional platinum complex coordinated to a rhodium metalloinsertor selectively binds mismatched DNA in the minor groove. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9626-36. [PMID: 26397309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of a bimetallic complex derived from a new family of potent and selective metalloinsertors containing an unusual Rh-O axial coordination. This complex incorporates a monofunctional platinum center containing only one labile site for coordination to DNA, rather than two, and coordinates DNA nonclassically through adduct formation in the minor groove. This conjugate displays bifunctional, interdependent binding of mismatched DNA via metalloinsertion at a mismatch as well as covalent platinum binding. DNA sequencing experiments revealed that the preferred site of platinum coordination is not the traditional N7-guanine site in the major groove, but rather N3-adenine in the minor groove. The complex also displays enhanced cytotoxicity in mismatch repair-deficient and mismatch repair-proficient human colorectal carcinoma cell lines compared to the chemotherapeutic cisplatin, and it triggers cell death via an apoptotic pathway, rather than the necrotic pathway induced by rhodium metalloinsertors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson G Weidmann
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jacqueline K Barton
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Wilson JJ, Lippard SJ. Synthetic methods for the preparation of platinum anticancer complexes. Chem Rev 2013; 114:4470-95. [PMID: 24283498 DOI: 10.1021/cr4004314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Johnstone TC, Wilson JJ, Lippard SJ. Monofunctional and higher-valent platinum anticancer agents. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:12234-49. [PMID: 23738524 PMCID: PMC3818431 DOI: 10.1021/ic400538c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platinum compounds represent one of the great success stories of metals in medicine. Following the serendipitous discovery of the anticancer activity of cisplatin by Rosenberg, a large number of cisplatin variants have been prepared and tested for their ability to kill cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth. These efforts continue today with increased realization that new strategies are needed to overcome issues of toxicity and resistance inherent to treatment by the approved platinum anticancer agents. One approach has been the use of so-called "non-traditional" platinum(II) and platinum(IV) compounds that violate the structure-activity relationships that governed platinum drug-development research for many years. Another is the use of specialized drug-delivery strategies. Here we describe recent developments from our laboratory involving monofunctional platinum(II) complexes together with a historical account of the manner by which we came to investigate these compounds and their relationship to previously studied molecules. We also discuss work carried out using platinum(IV) prodrugs and the development of nanoconstructs designed to deliver them in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Stephen J. Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139
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Sanchez-Cano C, Huxley M, Ducani C, Hamad AE, Browning MJ, Navarro-Ranninger C, Quiroga AG, Rodger A, Hannon MJ. Conjugation of testosterone modifies the interaction of mono-functional cationic platinum(ii) complexes with DNA, causing significant alterations to the DNA helix. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:11365-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00839g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lovejoy KS, Lippard SJ. Non-traditional platinum compounds for improved accumulation, oral bioavailability, and tumor targeting. Dalton Trans 2009:10651-9. [PMID: 20023892 PMCID: PMC2800312 DOI: 10.1039/b913896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The five platinum anticancer compounds currently in clinical use conform to structure-activity relationships formulated (M. J. Cleare and J. D. Hoeschele, Bioinorg. Chem., 1973, 2, 187-210) shortly after the discovery that cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), cisplatin, has antitumor activity in mice. These compounds are neutral platinum(II) species with two am(m)ine ligands or one bidentate chelating diamine and two additional ligands that can be replaced by water through aquation reactions. The resulting cations ultimately form bifunctional adducts on DNA. Information about the chemistry of these platinum compounds and correlations of their structures with anticancer activity have provided guidance for the design of novel anticancer drug candidates based on the proposed mechanisms of action. This article discusses advances in the synthesis and evaluation of such non-traditional platinum compounds, including cationic and tumor-targeting constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Lovejoy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Zhang J, Gong Y, Zheng X, Yang M, Cui J. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and DNA binding levels of tri-functional mononuclear platinum(II) complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:441-7. [PMID: 17587465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 04/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seven new tri-functional mononuclear platinum(II) complexes (a-g) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity, thermal analysis, IR, UV and (1)H NMR spectral techniques. The cytotoxicity of these complexes was tested by MTT and SRB assays. The cell cycle analysis and the levels of total platinum bound to DNA were measured by flow cytometry and ICP-MS. The results indicate that the complexes (a-g) have selectivity against tested carcinoma cell lines; they have weaker cytotoxicity against HCT-8 and MCF-7. Complexes a, b, d and g also exert weaker cytotoxicity against BGC-823 and complexes a, b, e and f have better cytotoxicity against EJ, but their cytotoxicity is weaker than that of cisplatin. Complexes c, e and f, confer substantially greater cytotoxicity against HL-60 with an IC(50) value of 7.68+/-0.23, 3.87+/-0.19 and 2.41+/-0.18 microM, respectively, moreover, cytotoxicity of complex f is equal to that of cisplatin. Complexes c, e and f cause significant G(2)/M arrest and a concomitant decrease of cell population in G(1) and S phases. The total DNA-platination levels of them are higher than that of cisplatin under the same experimental conditions. It suggests that there is no correlation between total DNA-platination levels in HL-60 cells and cytotoxicity of complexes. When leaving groups are aromatic carboxylates, the complexes have better cytotoxicity, moreover, the substituent in benzene ring also influences cytotoxicity. In addition, when leaving groups are dicarboxylates, dicarboxylates coordinating with platinum through oxygen atoms form different chelate cycle and cycle size also affects their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
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Knobloch B, Sigel H, Okruszek A, Sigel RKO. Metal-ion-coordinating properties of the dinucleotide 2'-deoxyguanylyl(5'-->3')-2'-deoxy-5'-guanylate (d(pGpG)3-): isomeric equilibria including macrochelated complexes relevant for nucleic acids. Chemistry 2007; 13:1804-14. [PMID: 17121397 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between divalent metal ions and nucleic acids is well known, yet knowledge about the strength of binding of labile metal ions at the various sites is very scarce. We have therefore studied the stabilities of complexes formed between the nucleic acid model d(pGpG) and the essential metal ions Mg2+ and Zn2+ as well as with the generally toxic ions Cd2+ and Pb2+ by potentiometric pH titrations; all four ions are of relevance in ribozyme chemistry. A comparison of the present results with earlier data obtained for M(pUpU)- complexes allows the conclusion that phosphate-bound Mg2+ and Cd2+ form macrochelates by interaction with N7, whereas the also phosphate-coordinated Pb2+ forms a 10-membered chelate with the neighboring phosphate diester bridge. Zn2+ forms both types of chelates with formation degrees of about 91% and 2.4% for Zn[d(pGpG)]cl/N7 and Zn[d(pGpG)]-cl/PO, respectively; the open form with Zn2+ bound only to the terminal phosphate group, Zn[d(pGpG)]-op, amounts to about 6.8 %. The various intramolecular equilibria have also been quantified for the other metal ions. Zn2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ also form macrochelates in the monoprotonated M[H;d(pGpG)] species (the proton being at the terminal phosphate group), that is, the metal ion at N7 interacts to some extent with the P(O)2(OH)- group. Thus, this study demonstrates that the coordinating properties of the various metal ions toward a pGpG unit in a nucleic acid differ: Mg2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ have a significant tendency to bridge the distance between N7 and the phosphate group of a (d)GMP unit, although to various extents, whereas Pb2+ (and possibly Ca2+) prefer a pure phosphate coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Knobloch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Knobloch B, Sigel H, Okruszek A, Sigel RKO. Acid-base properties of the nucleic-acid model 2'-deoxyguanylyl(5'-->3')-2'-deoxy-5'-guanylate, d(pGpG)3-, and of related guanine derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:1085-90. [PMID: 16525552 DOI: 10.1039/b517904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dinucleotide d(pGpG) is an often employed DNA model to study various kinds of interactions between DNA and metal ions, but its acid-base properties were not yet described in detail. In this study the six deprotonation reactions of H4[d(pGpG)]+ are quantified. The acidity constants for the release of the first proton from the terminal P(O)(OH)2 group (pKa = 0.65) and for one of the (N7)H+ sites (pKa = 2.4) are estimated. The acidity constants of the remaining four deprotonation reactions were measured by potentiometric pH titrations in aqueous solution (25 degrees C; I = 0.1 M, NaNO3): The pKa values for the deprotonations of the second (N7)H+, the P(O)2(OH)-, and the two (N1)H sites are 2.98, 6.56, 9.54 and 10.11, respectively. Based on these results we show how to estimate acidity constants for related systems that have not been studied, e.g. pGpG, which is involved in the initiation step of a rotavirus RNA polymerase. The relevance of our results for nucleic acids in general is briefly indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Knobloch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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Moradell S, Lorenzo J, Rovira A, Robillard MS, Avilés FX, Moreno V, de Llorens R, Martinez MA, Reedijk J, Llobet A. Platinum complexes of diaminocarboxylic acids and their ethyl ester derivatives: the effect of the chelate ring size on antitumor activity and interactions with GMP and DNA. J Inorg Biochem 2003; 96:493-502. [PMID: 13678816 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(03)00252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A number of new Pt(II) complexes is described having the general formula PtCl(2)(LL), where LL is a chelating diamine ligand. Ligands LL were chosen as D,L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid and its ethyl ester, and D,L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid and its ethyl ester. The compounds were characterized using analytical and spectroscopic methods. The influence of the size of the chelate ring and its functionalization on the biological properties was studied. It was demonstrated by circular dichroism (CD) that the effects on the secondary structure of DNA induced by the four complexes are different. The interaction takes place at the N7 position of the purine bases, as shown by NMR studies. The platinum complexes of 2,3-diaminopropionic acid and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid are able to form intrastrand adducts with DNA and to distort the double helix by changing the base stacking. The ethyl ester derivatives uncoil the DNA from the B form to the C form. The interactions with 5'-GMP and DNA were compared with their antitumor activity. The platinum complexes of diaminocarboxylic acids exhibit cytotoxic activity in the A431, HeLa, and HL-60 cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moradell
- Departament de Química, Area de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Av. Montilivi s/n, 17071 Girona, Spain
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Fakih S, Munk V, Shipman M, Murdoch P, Parkinson J, Sadler P. Novel Adducts of the Anticancer Drug Oxaliplatin with Glutathione and Redox Reactions with Glutathione Disulfide. Eur J Inorg Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200390156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ali MS, Mukhopadhyay U, Shirvani SM, Thurston J, Whitmire KH, Khokhar AR. Homopiperazine platinum(II) complexes containing substituted disulfide groups: crystal structure of [PtII(homopiperazine)(diphenylsulfide)Cl]NO3. Polyhedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(01)00967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhao G, Lin H, Yu P, Sun H, Zhu S, Chen Y. Comparison of the mode of action of a dinuclear platinum complex containing a pyridine derivative with its monomeric analog. Chem Biol Interact 1998; 116:19-29. [PMID: 9877198 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(98)00074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The DNA binding and interstrand cross-linking properties of the dinuclear platinum complex [¿cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl¿2bpsu](NO3)2 (bpsu is 4,4'-dipyridyl sulfide) (II) and the mononuclear complex [cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl(4-methylpyridine)]NO3 (I) were compared with those of [¿cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl¿2H2N(CH2)4NH2](NO3)2 (III) in order to understand the mode of action of complexes I and II. Both compound I and compound II caused significantly different changes of conformation in poly(dG-dC) x poly(dG-dC) than compound III did. Studies of DNA binding, interstrand cross-linking and fluorescence assay suggest that compound I monofunctionally binds to DNA and compound II bifunctionally binds to DNA, that the dinuclear platinum complex II more efficiently interacts with DNA compared to its monomeric analog, and that platinum I and II complexes both interact with DNA in a non-intercalative mode. All the results indicate that the mode of action of the dinuclear complex II is different from that of the mononuclear complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
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Le X, Wu F, Song F, Ji L. Intramolecular aromatic-ring stacking interaction of ternary Zn(UTP)L2- complexes. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02882840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Baird CL, Griffitts AE, Baffic S, Bryant P, Wolf B, Lutton J, Berardini M, Arvanitis GM. Synthesis, characterization and antitumor activity of platinum triamine complexes containing imidazothiazole ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(96)05453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Effects of quinoline as ligand in binding of mononuclear and dinuclear platinum complexes to DNA. Inorganica Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(96)05196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Barnham KJ, Guo Z, Sadler PJ. Stabilization of monofunctional platinum–nucleotide adducts: reactions of N-acetyl-L-methionine complexes with guanosine 5′-monophosphate and guanylyl(3′–5′)guanosine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9960002867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The relevance of hydrogen bonding in the mechanism of action of platinum antitumor compounds. Inorganica Chim Acta 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)92433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Interactions of Platinum Amine Compounds with Sulfur-Containing Biomolecules and Dna Fragments. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(08)60007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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