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Lv H, Zhou T, Dong C, Kong S, Chen L, Pu F, Li X, Xu P. Genome-wide identification, evolution, and mRNA expression of complement genes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:190-200. [PMID: 31765792 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Complement is a complex component of innate immune system, playing an important role in defense against pathogens and host homeostasis. The complement system has been comprehensively studied in mammals, however less is known about complement in teleost, especially in tetraploid common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In this study, a total of 110 complement genes were identified and characterized in common carp, which include almost all the homologs of mammalian complement genes. These genes were classified into three pathways (alternative pathways, lectin pathways and classical pathways), similar to those in mammals. Phylogenetic and selection pressure analysis showed that the complement genes were evolving-constrained and the function was conserved. Most of the complement genes were highly expressed in spleen, liver, brain and skin among the tested 12 health tissues of common carp. After Aeromonas hydrophila infection in the common carp, many members of complement genes were activated to bring about an immune response and expressed to against any pathogenic encroachment. Gene expression divergences which were found between two homoeologous genes suggested the functional divergences of the homoeologous genes after the 4R WGD event, revealing the evolutionary fate of the tetraploid common carp after the recent WGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzao Lv
- College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chuanju Dong
- College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Shengnan Kong
- College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fei Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352103, China.
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Szalai AJ, Digerness SB, Agrawal A, Kearney JF, Bucy RP, Niwas S, Kilpatrick JM, Babu YS, Volanakis JE. The Arthus reaction in rodents: species-specific requirement of complement. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:463-8. [PMID: 10605043 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.1.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We induced reverse passive Arthus (RPA) reactions in the skin of rodents and found that the contribution of complement to immune complex-mediated inflammation is species specific. Complement was found to be necessary in rats and guinea pigs but not in C57BL/6J mice. In rats, within 4 h after initiation of an RPA reaction, serum alternative pathway hemolytic titers decreased significantly below basal levels, whereas classical pathway titers were unchanged. Thus the dermal reaction proceeds coincident with systemic activation of complement. The serine protease inhibitor BCX 1470, which blocks the esterolytic and hemolytic activities of the complement enzymes Cls and factor D in vitro, also blocked development of RPA-induced edema in the rat. These data support the proposal that complement-mediated processes are of major importance in the Arthus reaction in rats and guinea pigs, and suggest that BCX 1470 will be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent in diseases where complement activation is known to be detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Szalai
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294, USA.
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Mielens ZE, Bhandari JC, Barbolt TA, Stecher VJ. Differential effects of pharmacologic agents on the reverse passive Arthus reaction in guinea pigs. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1984; 15:413-8. [PMID: 6240931 DOI: 10.1007/bf01972380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Five different pharmacologic agents were examined for their effects upon edema, hemorrhage, and vascular infiltration by neutrophils in the reverse passive Arthus reaction (RPAR) in guinea pigs. Two agents, colchicine (3.0 mg/kg p.o.) and ibuprofen (100 mg/kg p.o.) significantly inhibited all three parameters of RPAR. Cobra venom factor (100 units/kg i.p.) inhibited edema and hemorrhage but it did not inhibit neutrophil infiltration. Aminophylline and sulfinpyrazone (100 mg/kg p.o.) inhibited only hemorrhage; they did not inhibit edema or neutrophil infiltration. The results from these studies with five chemically or biologically unrelated pharmacologic agents suggest that the RPAR in guinea pigs can be separated into its basic components (edema, hemorrhage, and neutrophilic infiltration) by selective inhibitors. Inhibition of edema and hemorrhage, or hemorrhage alone of the two-hour RPAR in guinea pigs is not dependent upon inhibition of neutrophilic infiltration.
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Durda PJ, Pagano RJ, Bauman N, Brockman JA. Effects of iodipamide on human C3 and factor B in vitro. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982; 70:353-60. [PMID: 6922882 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(82)90024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of iodipamide on C3 and factor B in normal human serum and in purified form have been examined by immunoelectrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Temperature-dependent changes in immunoelectrophoretic profiles have been observed; however, these are not the same as those obtained after treatment of normal human serum (NHS) with cobra venom factor Naja naja. Analyses of iodipamide-treated NHS and purified C3 and factor B by reducing SDS-PAGE indicate that no macromolecular changes have occurred in C3 and factor B that can be ascribed to proteolysis (i.e., activation). The changes observed in C3 and factor B, including loss of hemolytic activity, appear to be due to direct interactions between iodipamide and C3 and factor B. In the case of factor B, iodipamide treatment at 37 degrees C induces aggregation, which is reversible upon reduction with beta-mercaptoethanol.
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