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Illijas MI, Kim GW, Honda M, Itabashi Y. Characteristics of fatty acids from the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae). ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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2
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Guzii AG, Makarieva TN, Fedorov SN, Menshov AS, Denisenko VA, Popov RS, Yurchenko EA, Menchinskaya ES, Grebnev BB, Iarotsckaia VV, Kim NY, Stonik VA. Toporosides A and B, Cyclopentenyl-Containing ω-Glycosylated Fatty Acid Amides, and Toporosides C and D from the Northwestern Pacific Marine Sponge Stelodoryx toporoki. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1186-1191. [PMID: 35377646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toporosides A-D (1-4), new ω-glycosylated fatty acid amides, were isolated from the sponge Stelodoryx toporoki. The structures of these compounds, including absolute configurations of stereogenic centers, were established using analysis of 1D and 2D NMR, ECD, and HR mass spectra as well as chemical transformations. Toporosides A (1) and B (2) are the first lipids containing a cyclopentenyl α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety in the polymethylene chain. Toporoside C (3) is likely a precursor, which undergoes intramolecular aldol condensation to produce 1 and 2. Toporosides A, C, and D showed protective effects against TNF-α-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla G Guzii
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana N Makarieva
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey N Fedorov
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Menshov
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Denisenko
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Roman S Popov
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Yurchenko
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S Menchinskaya
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Boris B Grebnev
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Viktoria V Iarotsckaia
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya Yu Kim
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin A Stonik
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
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3
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Multi-Analytical Assessment of Bodied Drying Oil Varnishes and Their Use as Binders in Armour Paints. HERITAGE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/heritage4040189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of commercially available refined and bodied linseed and tung oils, used as binders in the production of armour paints after historic recipes, are explored. Employed as anticorrosive paints mainly from the 1920s to 1960s, armour paints are greener alternatives that can be used for protection in industrial heritage conservation. Using a multi-analytical approach, chemical and physical properties of the fresh oils and solid films before and after accelerated ageing (ISO 16474-2:2013) were investigated to better understand which features are beneficial for the technical function of armour paints. Tests included measurements of density, the refractive index, insoluble impurities, alkaline impurities, the water content, the iodine value, the saponification value, the free fatty acid concentration, the acid value, the peroxide value and colour (Lovibond) and cold tests. The characterisation of the fresh oils using molecular analysis with FTIR and GC-MS revealed the complexity of the commercial formulations, for which additions of semi- and non-drying oils were detected. The results show that organic paint binders follow complex chemical reactions (such as oxidation and decrease of unsaturation being variable or swelling following water-immersion tests), with implications for their suitability for use in protection.
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Lee J, Nyachoti CM. Heat processing increased the digestibility of phosphorus in soybean expeller, canola meal, and canola expeller fed to growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab276. [PMID: 34598273 PMCID: PMC8525502 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesized that heat processing may increase P digestibility in different protein sources fed to growing pigs. A study was conducted to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in soybean expeller (SBE) produced from oil extraction using dry extrusion and expelling and to investigate the effects of heat treatment on the ATTD and STTD of P in SBE, canola meal (CM), and canola expeller (CE) fed to growing pigs. Thirty-six growing barrows with an initial body weight of 19.0 ± 1.0 kg (mean ± SD) were assigned to 1 of 6 experimental diets in a completely randomized design to give 6 replicates per diet. The experimental design was a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement including three oilseed meals with or without heat treatment. The diets were formulated to contain non-autoclaved or autoclaved (at 121 °C for 60 min) SBE, CM, and CE as the sole source of P. Limestone was included in diets to maintain a Ca:total P ratio of 1.3:1 across diets. Pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 12 d, including 7 d for adaptation and 5 d for total collection of feces. Pigs were offered their daily ration at 2.8 times their maintenance energy requirement. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. Heat treatment increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD and STTD of P. Pigs fed the SBE diets had greater (P < 0.05) ATTD and STTD of P than pigs fed CM and CE diets. For the autoclaved ingredients, the values of STTD of P were 49.4%, 23.2%, and 25.8% for SBE, CM, and CE, respectively, whereas STTD of P in non-autoclaved SBE, CM, and CE were 48.5%, 20.2%, and 22.5%. Heat treatment increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD of Ca. In conclusion, heat treatment increased ATTD and STTD of P and ATTD of Ca in SBE, CM, and CE fed to growing pigs. The ATTD and STTD of P in SBE determined in the current study were 41.0% and 48.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Multianalytical Assessment of Armour Paints—The Ageing Characteristics of Historic Drying Oil Varnish Paints for Protection of Steel and Iron Surfaces in Sweden. HERITAGE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/heritage4030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of armour paints, historically used to protect ferrous industrial heritage, are explored. Amour paints contain lamellar and highly reflexive pigments of micaceous iron oxide (MIO) and metallic, leafing aluminium, bound in linseed oil and linseed oil–tung oil mixtures, on an inhibitive and soap-forming linseed oil primer (red lead). It is the first study of the binding media used for historical armour paints and investigates the chemical and physical ageing of armour paints using a multianalytical approach. Naturally aged examples are compared to accelerated aged replica armour paint, and to historical paints. The ageing and degradation reactions are assessed by complementary GC–MS and FTIR, together with measurements of wettability, hardness and surface colour. The historical paint formulations include linseed oils and alkyd binders. The results confirm that the leafing effect of aluminium pigments results in only a small concentration of binder at the surface: the paints studied reflect light and form a strong chemical and physical barrier. Linseed oils and tung oil mixtures have been proven to be suitable for the production of armour paints, but the evaluation of ageing and assessment of physical changes will require further investigation.
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Enantiomeric separation of triacylglycerols containing fatty acids with a ring (cyclofatty acids). J Chromatogr A 2020; 1622:461103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Desmarais A, Sébédio J, Belkacemi K, Arul J, Angers P. Formation Kinetics of Monomeric Cyclic Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of Alpha‐Linolenic Acid: Effects of Mono
cis
/
trans
Isomers. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Desmarais
- Department of Food SciencesUniversité Laval2425 rue de l'Agriculture Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsUniversité Laval2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Jean‐Louis Sébédio
- Unité de Nutrition HumaineINRA Route de Theix, 63122 St Genès Champanelle France
| | - Khaled Belkacemi
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsUniversité Laval2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of Soil and Agri‐Food EngineeringUniversité Laval 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Joseph Arul
- Department of Food SciencesUniversité Laval2425 rue de l'Agriculture Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsUniversité Laval2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Paul Angers
- Department of Food SciencesUniversité Laval2425 rue de l'Agriculture Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsUniversité Laval2440 Boulevard Hochelaga Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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Okada S, Taylor M, Zhou XR, Naim F, Marshall D, Blanksby SJ, Singh SP, Wood CC. Producing Cyclopropane Fatty Acid in Plant Leafy Biomass via Expression of Bacterial and Plant Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:30. [PMID: 32117373 PMCID: PMC7020751 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Saturated mid-chain branched fatty acids (SMCBFAs) are widely used in the petrochemical industry for their high oxidative stability and low melting temperature. Dihydrosterculic acid (DHSA) is a cyclopropane fatty acid (CPA) that can be converted to SMCBFA via hydrogenation, and therefore oils rich in DHSA are a potential feedstock for SMCBFA. Recent attempts to produce DHSA in seed oil by recombinant expression of cyclopropane fatty acid synthases (CPFASes) resulted in decreased oil content and poor germination or low DHSA accumulation. Here we explored the potential for plant vegetative tissue to produce DHSA by transiently expressing CPFAS enzymes in leaf. When CPFASes from plant and bacterial origin were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf, it accumulated up to 1 and 3.7% DHSA in total fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), respectively, which increased up to 4.8 and 11.8%, respectively, when the N. benthamiana endogenous oleoyl desaturase was silenced using RNA interference (RNAi). Bacterial CPFAS expression produced a novel fatty acid with a cyclopropane ring and two carbon-carbon double bonds, which was not seen with plant CPFAS expression. We also observed a small but significant additive effect on DHSA accumulation when both plant and bacterial CPFASes were co-expressed, possibly due to activity upon different oleoyl substrates within the plant cell. Lipidomics analyses found that CPFAS expression increased triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation relative to controls and that DHSA was distributed across a range of lipid species, including diacylglycerol and galactolipids. DHSA and the novel CPA were present in phosphatidylethanolamine when bacterial CPFAS was expressed in leaf. Finally, when plant diacylglycerol acyltransferase was coexpressed with the CPFASes DHSA accumulated up to 15% in TAG. This study shows that leaves can readily produce and accumulate DHSA in leaf oil. Our findings are discussed in line with current knowledge in leaf oil production for a possible route to DHSA production in vegetative tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Okada
- CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Shoko Okada,
| | | | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Fatima Naim
- Center for Crop Disease Management, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Craig C. Wood
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Cherif A, Boukhchina S, Angers P. GC‐MS Characterization of Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers and Isomers of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Formed During the Soybean Oil Heating Process. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Cherif
- Faculty of SciencesDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Tunis El‐ManarTunis2092Tunisia
| | - Sadok Boukhchina
- Faculty of SciencesDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Tunis El‐ManarTunis2092Tunisia
| | - Paul Angers
- Department of Food Science and NutritionUniversity LavalQuebecQC G1V 0A6Canada
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Ayari D, Boukazoula F, Soumati B, Souiki L. Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers of rabbits' liver exposed to thermooxidized virgin olive oil obtained from blanquette olive cultivars. Biomarkers 2019; 24:407-413. [PMID: 30908096 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1600024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This work aimed to study the effect of temperature in variation of fatty acid profiles of virgin olive oil (VOO) and to evaluate the impact of the consumption of this thermo oxidized VOO on metabolic oxidative stress. Materials and methods: Effect of consumption of fresh or thermo-oxidized VOO on rabbits was studied. The animals were distributed in groups of six rabbits each and were fed for four weeks with the incorporation of 15% VOO either fresh or heated during one, two, three or four hours. The liver was examined for the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and activity malondialdehyde (MDA). Results: The diet of VOO heated for three and four hours resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.01) in liver of MDA and GST compared to the control group. The results also showed a significant decrease in GSH levels and CAT activity induced in rabbits of the group treated with VOO heated for three and four hours. Conclusions: The consumption of thermo-oxidized VOO is more dangerous to health than the consumption of fresh olive oil or low oxidation value VOO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djamila Ayari
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Laboratory for Terrestrial and Aquatis Ecosystems, Mohamed-Cherif Messadia University , Souk Ahras , Algeria
| | - Fouad Boukazoula
- b Department of Basic Education, Institute of Science and Techniques of Physical and Sporting Activities, Mohamed-Cherif Messaadia University , Souk Ahras , Algeria
| | - Boudjema Soumati
- c Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Badji Mokhtar , Annab , Algeria
| | - Lynda Souiki
- d Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life and Earth Sciences and the Universes, University of Guelma , Guelma , Algeria
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11
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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of sapucainha oil (Carpotroche brasiliensis) triacylglycerols comprising straight chain and cyclic fatty acids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1479-1489. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Mboma J, Leblanc N, Angers P, Rocher A, Vigor C, Oger C, Reversat G, Vercauteren J, Galano JM, Durand T, Jacques H. Effects of Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers from Heated Vegetable Oil on Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Male Wistar Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7172-7180. [PMID: 29920087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the effects of cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAM) from heated vegetable oils on oxidative stress and inflammation. Wistar rats were fed either of these four diets for 28 days: canola oil (CO), canola oil and 0.5% CFAM (CC), soybean oil (SO), and soybean oil and 0.5% CFAM (SC). Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were determined by micro liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (micro-LC-MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for a 2 × 2 factorial design was performed to determine the CFAM and oil effects and interactions between these two factors at P ≤ 0.05. For significant interactions, a post hoc multiple comparison test was performed, i.e., Tukey HSD (honest significant difference) test. CFAM induced higher plasma levels of 15-F2t-IsoP (CC, 396 ± 43 ng/mL, SC, 465 ± 75 ng/mL vs CO, 261 ± 23 ng/mL and SO, 288 ± 35 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Rats fed the SC diet had higher plasma 2,3-dinor-15-F2t-IsoP (SC, 145 ± 9 ng/mL vs CC, 84 ± 8 ng/mL, CO, 12 ± 1 ng/mL, and SO, 12 ± 1 ng/mL, P < 0.05), urinary 2,3-dinor-15-F2t-IsoP (SC, 117 ± 12 ng/mL vs CC, 67 ± 13 ng/mL, CO, 15 ± 2 ng/mL, and SO, 18 ± 4 ng/mL, P < 0.05), and plasma IL-6 (SC, 57 ± 10 pg/mL vs CC, 48 ± 11 pg/mL, CO, 46 ± 9 pg/mL, and SO, 44 ± 4 pg/mL, P < 0.05) than the other three diet groups. These results indicate that CFAM increased the levels of markers of oxidative stress, and those effects are exacerbated by a CFAM-high-linoleic acid diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine Leblanc
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods , Laval University , 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga , Québec City , Québec G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - Paul Angers
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods , Laval University , 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga , Québec City , Québec G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - Amandine Rocher
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , UMR 5247-CNRS, Université de Montpellier , Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault , BP 14491 Montpellier Cedex 05, Montpellier , 34093 , France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , UMR 5247-CNRS, Université de Montpellier , Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault , BP 14491 Montpellier Cedex 05, Montpellier , 34093 , France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , UMR 5247-CNRS, Université de Montpellier , Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault , BP 14491 Montpellier Cedex 05, Montpellier , 34093 , France
| | - Guillaume Reversat
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , UMR 5247-CNRS, Université de Montpellier , Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault , BP 14491 Montpellier Cedex 05, Montpellier , 34093 , France
| | - Joseph Vercauteren
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , UMR 5247-CNRS, Université de Montpellier , Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault , BP 14491 Montpellier Cedex 05, Montpellier , 34093 , France
| | - Jean Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , UMR 5247-CNRS, Université de Montpellier , Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault , BP 14491 Montpellier Cedex 05, Montpellier , 34093 , France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , UMR 5247-CNRS, Université de Montpellier , Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault , BP 14491 Montpellier Cedex 05, Montpellier , 34093 , France
| | - Hélène Jacques
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods , Laval University , 2440 Boulevard Hochelaga , Québec City , Québec G1V 0A6 , Canada
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Hosseini H, Ghorbani M, Meshginfar N, Mahoonak AS. A Review on Frying: Procedure, Fat, Deterioration Progress and Health Hazards. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-016-2791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Knothe G, Moser BR. Fatty acid profile of seashore mallow (Kosteletzkya pentacarpos) seed oil and properties of the methyl esters. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Knothe
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Peoria IL USA
| | - Bryan R. Moser
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Peoria IL USA
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Cyclic Fatty Acids Found in Frying Oils are Detoxified via Classical Drug Metabolic Pathway but also by β-Oxidation and Eliminated as Conjugates in Rats. Lipids 2015; 50:381-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-3997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Brühl
- Max Rubner-Institut, Reserach Institute of Nutrition and Food, Institute of Safety and Quality of Cereals; Detmold Germany
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Demir E, Marcos R, Kaya B. Genotoxicity studies in the ST cross of the Drosophila wing spot test of sunflower and soybean oils before and after frying and boiling procedures. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3619-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Chemical alterations taken place during deep-fat frying based on certain reaction products: A review. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:662-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Knothe G, Rashid U, Yusup S, Anwar F. Fatty acids of Thespesia populnea: Mass spectrometry of picolinyl esters of cyclopropene fatty acids. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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P S, Zinjarde SS, Bhargava SY, Kumar AR. Potent α-amylase inhibitory activity of Indian Ayurvedic medicinal plants. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 11:5. [PMID: 21251279 PMCID: PMC3037352 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indian medicinal plants used in the Ayurvedic traditional system to treat diabetes are a valuable source of novel anti-diabetic agents. Pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors offer an effective strategy to lower the levels of post-prandial hyperglycemia via control of starch breakdown. In this study, seventeen Indian medicinal plants with known hypoglycemic properties were subjected to sequential solvent extraction and tested for α-amylase inhibition, in order to assess and evaluate their inhibitory potential on PPA (porcine pancreatic α-amylase). Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the lead extracts was performed in order to determine the probable constituents. METHODS Analysis of the 126 extracts, obtained from 17 plants (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Adansonia digitata L., Allium sativum L., Casia fistula L., Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don., Cinnamomum verum Persl., Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt., Linum usitatisumum L., Mangifera indica L., Morus alba L., Nerium oleander L., Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Piper nigrum L., Terminalia chebula Retz., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers., Trigonella foenum-graceum L., Zingiber officinale Rosc.) for PPA inhibition was initially performed qualitatively by starch-iodine colour assay. The lead extracts were further quantified with respect to PPA inhibition using the chromogenic DNSA (3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid) method. Phytochemical constituents of the extracts exhibiting≥ 50% inhibition were analysed qualitatively as well as by GC-MS (Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry). RESULTS Of the 126 extracts obtained from 17 plants, 17 extracts exhibited PPA inhibitory potential to varying degrees (10%-60.5%) while 4 extracts showed low inhibition (< 10%). However, strong porcine pancreatic amylase inhibitory activity (> 50%) was obtained with 3 isopropanol extracts. All these 3 extracts exhibited concentration dependent inhibition with IC50 values, viz., seeds of Linum usitatisumum (540 μgml-1), leaves of Morus alba (1440 μgml-1) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (8.9 μgml-1). Acarbose as the standard inhibitor exhibited an IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration)value of 10.2 μgml-1. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins and steroids with the major phytoconstituents being identified by GC-MS. CONCLUSIONS This study endorses the use of these plants for further studies to determine their potential for type 2 diabetes management. Results suggests that extracts of Linum usitatisumum, Morus alba and Ocimum tenuiflorum act effectively as PPA inhibitors leading to a reduction in starch hydrolysis and hence eventually to lowered glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha P
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Smita S Zinjarde
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Shobha Y Bhargava
- Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Pune, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Ameeta R Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, Pune 411 007, India
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Regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism by dietary oxidized fat. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 55:109-21. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Detection of lactobacillic acid in low erucic rapeseed oil--A note of caution when quantifying cyclic fatty acid monomers in vegetable oils. Chem Phys Lipids 2010; 163:698-702. [PMID: 20654602 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to identify an unknown component which has been detected during the analysis of cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAMs) in low erucic acid rapeseed oils (LEAR). A sample of crude LEAR was transformed into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and hydrogenated using PtO(2). The hydrogenated sample was fractionated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and the fraction containing the CFAMs transformed into picolinyl esters. Analysing these picolinyl derivatives by gas-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that the unknown product observed in LEAR is the 11,12-methylene-octadecanoic acid. This cyclic fatty acid was also found in crude LEAR and in the corresponding seeds but was not detected in crude soya and sunflower oils. As this acid is present in the same fraction as CFAMs, known to be formed during heat treatment, great care must therefore be taken for not including it when quantifying CFAMs. It is thus necessary to verify by mass spectrometry the structures of the CFAMs in the isolated cyclic fatty acid fraction prior to quantification.
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Hanus LO, Goldshlag P, Dembitsky VM. Identification of cyclopropyl fatty acids in walnut (Juglans regia L.) oil. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2008; 152:41-5. [PMID: 18795073 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2008.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Identification of cyclopropyl fatty acids in walnut oil. METHOD GC/MS method was developed for the determination of eight cyclopropyl fatty acids in walnut (Juglans regia) oil. RESULTS Monocyclopropane acids: methyl 9-cyclopropyl-nonanoate, 6,7-methylene-, 8,9-methylene-, 9,10-methylene-, 11,12-methylene octadecanoates, and dicyclic acid - methyl 9,10,12,13-dimethylene octadecanoate, tricyclic acid - methyl 9,10,12,13,15,16-trimethylene octadecanoate, and unsaturated - methyl 2-octylcyclopropene-1-octanoate were detected in walnut oil by GC-MS and their mass spectra studied. Four cyclic fatty acids were identified for the fist time in seed oils. CONCLUSIONS Eight cyclopropyl fatty acids were detected in the Mediterranean nuts for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumir Ondrej Hanus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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26
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Analytical Methods for Quantification of Modified Fatty Acids and Sterols Formed as a Result of Processing. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-008-9055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mauldin TC, Haman K, Sheng X, Henna P, Larock RC, Kessler MR. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of a modified linseed oil with varying levels of crosslinking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Mossoba M, McDonald R. Methods for trans Fatty Acid Analysis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420046649.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Francis O’Keefe S. Nomenclature and Classification of Lipids. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420046649.pt1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Krist S, Stuebiger G, Bail S, Unterweger H. Volatile compounds and triacylglycerol composition of original Indian fatty plant oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Dietary cyclic fatty acids derived from linolenic acid do not exhibit intrinsic toxicity in the rat during gestation. Animal 2008; 2:1534-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731108002668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Botega DZ, di Lorenzo L, Marmesat S, Bastida S, Pérez-Olleros L, Ruiz-Roso B. A non-extractable condensed-tannins fiber reduces thermal oxidation in oils at frying temperature. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200700127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ringseis R, Gutgesell A, Dathe C, Brandsch C, Eder K. Feeding oxidized fat during pregnancy up-regulates expression of PPARalpha-responsive genes in the liver of rat fetuses. Lipids Health Dis 2007; 6:6. [PMID: 17352811 PMCID: PMC1832193 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Feeding oxidized fats causes activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the liver of rats. However, whether feeding oxidized fat during pregnancy also results in activation of PPARα in fetal liver is unknown. Thus, this study aimed to explore whether feeding oxidized fat during pregnancy causes a PPARα response in fetal liver. Two experiments with pregnant rats which were administered three different diets (control; oxidized fat; clofibrate as positive control) in a controlled feeding regimen during either late pregnancy (first experiment) or whole pregnancy (second experiment) were performed. Results In both experiments pregnant rats treated with oxidized fat or clofibrate had higher relative mRNA concentrations of the PPARα-responsive genes acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), cytochrome P450 4A1 (CYP4A1), L-type carnitin-palmitoyl transferase I (L-CPT I), medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), and long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) in the liver than control rats (P < 0.05). In addition, in both experiments fetuses of the oxidized fat group and the clofibrate group also had markedly higher relative mRNA concentrations of ACO, CYP4A1, CPT I, MCAD, and LCAD in the liver than those of the control group (P < 0.05), whereas the relative mRNA concentrations of PPARα, SREBP-1c, and FAS did not differ between treatment groups. In the second experiment treatment with oxidized fat also reduced triacylglycerol concentrations in the livers of pregnant rats and fetuses (P < 0.05). Conclusion The present study demonstrates for the first time that components of oxidized fat with PPARα activating potential are able to induce a PPARα response in the liver of fetuses. Moreover, the present study shows that feeding oxidized fat during whole pregnancy, but not during late pregnancy, lowers triacylglycerol concentrations in fetal livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ringseis
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Emil-Abderhalden-Straße 26, D-06108 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Anke Gutgesell
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Emil-Abderhalden-Straße 26, D-06108 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Corinna Dathe
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Emil-Abderhalden-Straße 26, D-06108 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Corinna Brandsch
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Emil-Abderhalden-Straße 26, D-06108 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Emil-Abderhalden-Straße 26, D-06108 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Romero A, Bastida S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Cyclic fatty acids in sunflower oils during frying of frozen foods with oil replenishment. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200600206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Berdeaux O, Fournier V, Lambelet P, Dionisi F, Sébédio JL, Destaillats F. Isolation and structural analysis of the cyclic fatty acid monomers formed from eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids during fish oil deodorization. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1138:216-24. [PMID: 17113094 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2006] [Revised: 10/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) present in fish oils are thermolabile molecules. Among the degradation reactions encountered, thermal cyclization occurs during refining or other heat treatments. Numerous studies have been carried out in the past to quantify and determine the structures of cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAMs) formed from oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids in heated vegetable oils. Recently, much attention have been given to LC-PUFAs due to their potential health benefits. However, data on quantification of CFAMs formed from these fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, cis-5, cis-8, cis-11, cis-14, cis-17 20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, cis-4, cis-7, cis-10, cis-13, cis-16, cis-19 22:6), the two main LC-PUFAs in fish oils, are scarce. In the present study, structural analyses of CFAMs formed from EPA and DHA during the deodorization of fish oil are presented. Fish oil sample was deodorized at 250 degrees C for 3 h under a pressure of 1.5 mbar in a laboratory deodorizer. The CFAMs formed during heat treatment of fish oil were isolated by a combination of saponification, esterification, urea fractionations and column chromatography. Structural analyses of C20- and C22-CFAMs were achieved by gas-chromatography electronic-ionization mass-spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) of their 4,4-dimethyloxazoline (DMOX) derivatives. We identified seven out of 13 possible structures of hydrogenated CFAMs formed from EPA, and nine out of 16 possible structures of CFAM formed from DHA. Major CFAMs from both EPA and DHA were cyclohexyl isomers. All possible cyclohexyl isomers were found but only nine out of 18 of the cyclopentyl isomers were present in concentration sufficient for identification. Chemical mechanisms involved in the formation of polyunsaturated LC-PUFAs have been investigated. The results have shown that general principle involved in the cyclization of LC-PUFAs is same as that for the thermal cyclization of oleic, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Berdeaux
- UMR FLAVIC Department, INRA, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon, Cedex, France.
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Romero A, Bastida S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Cyclic fatty acid monomer formation in domestic frying of frozen foods in sunflower oil and high oleic acid sunflower oil without oil replenishment. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:1674-81. [PMID: 16806629 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During the frying process, oxidation, hydrolysis, polymerization, isomerization, and cyclization occur. Polymers and Cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAM) are potentially toxic, and the latter are detected at relatively low levels (0.01-0.7%) in used frying oils. Twenty fryings of different frozen foods were carried out over 10 consecutive days in sunflower oil (SO) and in high oleic acid sunflower oil (HOSO). Fatty acid methyl ester derivates were hydrogenated with platinum oxide catalyst under hydrogen. Ethyl palmitate was added as an internal standard before hydrogenation. The CFAM obtained were isolated, concentrated and quantified by HPLC using a reverse-phase column followed by gas chromatography. Linear adjustments between total and individual CFAM content and the number of frying operations performed with both oils were established by analysis of variance. The comparison between linear equation adjustments of both oils was performed by a two-way analysis of covariance. After 20 fryings 15.4 +/- 0.06 g polar content/100 g oil, 7.15 +/- 0.08 g polymers/ oil, 11.52 +/- 0.08 g polymers/100g oil and 855 +/- 8.9 mg CFAM/kg oil were detected in SO. A 10 mg/100 mg oil of altered fatty acid content correspond to 700 mg/kg CFAM, while 25% polar material and 10% polymer content would correspond to about 850-1,000 mg CFAM/kg oil. Data suggest that frying with SO produces in each new frying 9 mg CFAM/kg more than frying with HOSO (p < 0.001). After frying cyclopentyl structures were more than twice as abundant as cyclohexyl fatty acids in both oils. Bicyclic compound formation was significantly higher in SO (p < 0.001). Because digestion and absorption of polar material, polymers and CFAM occur, data clearly show the advantageousness and advisability of frying with HOSO rather than SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romero
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I, Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Bretillon L, Loreau O, Sébédio JL, Taran F. In vivo oxidation of [9-14C] cyclic fatty acids derived from linolenic acid in the rat. REPRODUCTION, NUTRITION, DEVELOPMENT 2006; 46:189-93. [PMID: 16597424 DOI: 10.1051/rnd:2006008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Heating oils and fats may lead to cyclization of polyunsaturated fatty acids, as for example linolenic acid. Cyclohexenyl and cyclopentenyl fatty acids are subsequently present in some edible oils and these are suspected to induce metabolic disorders. In a previous experiment using [1-14C] labeled molecules, we published that these cyclic fatty acids are beta oxidized to the same extent as linolenic acid, at least for the first cycle of beta oxidation. However, it is possible that the presence of a ring could alter the ability of the organism to fully oxidize the molecule. In order to test this hypothesis, we assessed the oxidative metabolism of cyclic fatty acids carrying a 14C atom at the vicinity of the ring. For this purpose, rats were force-fed from 1.1 to 1.3 MBq of a representative fraction of dietary cyclohexenyl cyclic fatty acid monomers of [9-14C] 9-(6-propyl-cyclohex-3-enyl)-non-8-enoic acids and 14CO2 production was monitored for 24h. The animals were then necropsied and the radioactivity was determined in different tissues. No consistent radioactivity was recovered as 14CO2 24h after administration of the molecules. Sixty percent of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine and 30% in the gastrointestinal tract. By combining our previous data on the oxidation of [1-14C] cyclic fatty acids and the present results, we suggest that cyclohexenyl fatty acids are first beta oxidized in a similar way as linolenic acid and that the remaining molecule carrying the ring is detoxified and eliminated in the urine and feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Bretillon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR FLAVIC, équipe Oeil et Nutrition, Dijon, France.
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Fournier V, Destaillats F, Juanéda P, Dionisi F, Lambelet P, Sébédio JL, Berdeaux O. Thermal degradation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during deodorization of fish oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200500290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Destaillats F, Angers P. On the mechanisms of cyclic and bicyclic fatty acid monomer formation in heated edible oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200501159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hansel FA, Copley MS, Madureira LA, Evershed RP. Thermally produced ω-(o-alkylphenyl)alkanoic acids provide evidence for the processing of marine products in archaeological pottery vessels. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bretillon L, Alexson SEH, Joffre F, Pasquis B, Sébédio JL. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α is not the exclusive mediator of the effects of dietary cyclic FA in mice. Lipids 2003; 38:957-63. [PMID: 14584603 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-003-1149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic FA monomers (CFAM) formed during heating of alpha-linolenic acid have been reported to interfere in hepatic metabolism in a putatively peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)-dependent manner. In the present work, CFAM (0.5% of the diet) were administered for 3 wk to wild-type and PPARalpha-null mice of both genders to elucidate the role of PPARalpha in mediating the effects of CFAM on the activity of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) and omega-laurate hydroxylase (CYP4A), the regulation of which is known to be dependent on the PPARalpha. Dietary CFAM enhanced CYP4A activity threefold in male and female wild-type mice. This effect was abolished in PPARalpha-null mice. A twofold induction of ACO activity was found in wild-type female mice fed CFAM; however, no effect was seen in males. In wild-type animals, (omega-1)-laurate hydroxylase (CYP2E1) activity, the expression of which has not been shown to be PPARalpha dependent, was not affected by the CFAM diet. In contrast, stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity was reduced in wild-type mice. CFAM feeding reduced the activities of ACO, CYP2E1, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase and caused accumulation of lipids in the livers of female PPARalpha-null mice. These data show that CFAM apparently activate gene expression via the PPARalpha and have profound effects on lipid homeostasis, exacerbating the disturbances preexisting in mice lacking functional PPARalpha. Although the data emphasize the importance of PPARalpha in the metabolism of the CFAM, these results show that PPARalpha is not the exclusive mediator of the effects of CFAM in lipid metabolism in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Bretillon
- Unité de Nutrition Lipidique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-21000 Dijon, France.
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Lambelet P, Grandgirard A, Gregoire S, Juaneda P, Sebedio JL, Bertoli C. Formation of modified fatty acids and oxyphytosterols during refining of low erucic acid rapeseed oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:4284-4290. [PMID: 12848499 DOI: 10.1021/jf030091u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Formation of trans fatty acids and cyclic fatty acid monomers was investigated during refining of low erucic acid rapeseed oil. The first steps of the refining process, that is, degumming, neutralization, and bleaching, hardly modified the fatty acid profile. In contrast, deodorization produced substantial quantities of trans fatty acids (>5% of total fatty acids) and small amounts of cyclic fatty acid monomers (650 mg of cyclic fatty acid monomers/kg of oil) when severe conditions (5-6 h at 250 degrees C) were used. Alpha-linolenic acid was the main precursor of cyclic fatty acid monomers. The influence of deodorization on the chemical composition of low erucic acid rapeseed oil was studied additionally. Whereas free fatty acids, peroxides, and tocopherols decreased, neither total polar compounds nor oxyphytosterols changed during deodorization. Oxyphytosterols were identified by GC-MS. Three oxyphytosterols not yet observed in oil were tentatively identified as 6beta-hydroxycampestanol, 6beta-hydroxysitostanol, and 6beta-hydroxybrassicastanol. Brassicasterol oxides were the most abundant oxyphytosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lambelet
- Nestlé Research Center, P.O. Box 44, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
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Romero A, Cuesta C, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Cyclic FA monomers in high-oleic acid sunflower oil and extra virgin olive oil used in repeated frying of fresh potatoes. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-003-0717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Romero
- ; Departmento de Nutrición y Bromatología 1 (Nutrición), Sección Lípidos (Consejo Superior de Investigaciónes Científicas-Universidad Complutense Madrid); 23040 Madrid Spain
- ; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense; 23040 Madrid Spain
| | - C. Cuesta
- ; Instituto de Nutrición y Bromatología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciónes Científicas-Universidad Complutense Madrid); 23040 Madrid Spain
- ; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense; 23040 Madrid Spain
| | - F. J. Sánchez-Muniz
- ; Departmento de Nutrición y Bromatología 1 (Nutrición), Sección Lípidos (Consejo Superior de Investigaciónes Científicas-Universidad Complutense Madrid); 23040 Madrid Spain
- ; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense; 23040 Madrid Spain
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Variability in fatty acids and fatty aldehydes in different organs of two prosobranch gastropod mollusks. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-1978(01)00150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mossoba MM, McDonald RE, Yurawecz MP, Kramer JKG. Application of on-line capillary GC-FTIR spectroscopy to lipid analysis. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-9312(200112)103:12<826::aid-ejlt826>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chao PM, Chao CY, Lin FJ, Huang C. Oxidized frying oil up-regulates hepatic acyl-CoA oxidase and cytochrome P450 4 A1 genes in rats and activates PPARalpha. J Nutr 2001; 131:3166-74. [PMID: 11739861 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.12.3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and its component hydroxy fatty acids were shown to activate peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and gamma (PPARgamma). To test the hypothesis that lipid oxidation products in oxidized frying oil (OFO) can activate PPARalpha and up-regulate its target genes, a feeding experiment and a transactivation experiment were conducted. Based on a 2 x 2 factorial design, four groups of Sprague-Dawley male weanling rats were fed diets containing either high (20 g/100 g, HO and HF) or low (5 g/100 g, LO and LF) levels of oxidized frying soybean oil (HO and LO) or fresh soybean oil (HF and LF) for 6 wk. The OFO sample was prepared by frying wheat dough sheets in soybean oil at 205 +/- 5 degrees C for 24 h. OFO dose dependently and significantly increased (P < 0.05) mRNA of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) and cytochrome P(450) 4A1(CYP4A1) in liver of rats. Dietary OFO also dose dependently increased liver microsomal CYP4A protein (P < 0.05). The activity of hepatic ACO of the HO group was sixfold that of the HF group (P < 0.05). Plasma total lipids, liver triglycerides, cholesterol and total lipids were reduced in rats fed the LO and HO diets (P < 0.05). Through the ligand binding domain of PPARalpha, the hydrolyzed OFO enhanced the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) reporter gene to a significantly greater extent (P < 0.05) than the hydrolyzed fresh soybean oil in a transactivation assay using a clone of CHO K1 cells stably expressing Gal4-PPARalpha chimeric receptor and UAS4-ALP reporter. The results support our hypothesis that dietary OFO, by activating PPARalpha, up-regulates the expression of PPARalpha downstream genes and alters lipid metabolism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Chao
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Joffre F, Martin JC, Genty M, Demaison L, Loreau O, Noël JP, Sébédio JL. Kinetic parameters of hepatic oxidation of cyclic fatty acid monomers formed from linoleic and linolenic acids. J Nutr Biochem 2001; 12:554-558. [PMID: 12031260 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(01)00173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAM) occur from linoleic (CFAM-18:2) or linolenic (CFAM-18:3) acids present in some edible oils as a result of domestic frying or industrial refining. They present adverse effects in pups and weaning rats. In the present work, we studied the importance of hepatic oxidation in the metabolism of CFAM. For this purpose, kinetic parameters of Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase I (key enzyme of the channeling of the fatty acids into the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway) and Acyl CoA Oxidase (key enzyme of the peroxisomal oxidation pathway) towards CFAM-18:2 and CFAM-18:3 were calculated on hepatic sub-cellular fractions of rats. For mitochondrial oxidation of CFAM, we observed a lower oxygen consumption and a lower activity of Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase compared to 18:2w6 and 16:0. For peroxisomal oxidation, CFAM-18:2 showed the same kinetic parameters (Vm and K(0.5)) as 18:2w6 and 16:0, used for oxidative controls, whereas CFAM-18:3 presented a lower Vm (-50%). This difference should induce a lower catabolism of CFAM-18:3 in liver. This could contribute to their accumulation and probably to their toxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Joffre
- Unité de Nutrition Lipidique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 21065, Dijon, France
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Cyclic fatty acid monomers and thermoxidative alteration compounds formed during frying of frozen foods in extra virgin olive oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-000-0183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Pérez-Camino MC. Update on solid-phase extraction for the analysis of lipid classes and related compounds. J Chromatogr A 2000; 885:321-41. [PMID: 10941680 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article provides information on the different procedures and methodologies developed when solid-phase extraction (SPE) is used for lipid component separation. The analytical systematics, established by different authors and designed to separate groups of compounds and also specific components by using a combination of chromatographic supports and solvents are presented. The review has been divided into three parts, which we consider well defined: edible fats and oils, fatty foods and biological samples. Separations of non-polar and polar lipids is the most extensive systematic, although many other published methods have been established to isolate specific components or a reduced number of components from edible fats and oils, fatty foods or biological samples susceptible to further analysis by other quantitative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ruiz-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Avda. Padre García Tejero, Seville, Spain.
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