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Marques da Silva W, Seyffert N, Silva A, Azevedo V. A journey through the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis proteome promotes insights into its functional genome. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12456. [PMID: 35036114 PMCID: PMC8710256 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen and the etiologic agent of illnesses like caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants, mastitis in dairy cattle, ulcerative lymphangitis in equines, and oedematous skin disease in buffalos. With the growing advance in high-throughput technologies, genomic studies have been carried out to explore the molecular basis of its virulence and pathogenicity. However, data large-scale functional genomics studies are necessary to complement genomics data and better understating the molecular basis of a given organism. Here we summarize, MS-based proteomics techniques and bioinformatics tools incorporated in genomic functional studies of C. pseudotuberculosis to discover the different patterns of protein modulation under distinct environmental conditions, and antigenic and drugs targets. Methodology In this study we performed an extensive search in Web of Science of original and relevant articles related to methods, strategy, technology, approaches, and bioinformatics tools focused on the functional study of the genome of C. pseudotuberculosis at the protein level. Results Here, we highlight the use of proteomics for understating several aspects of the physiology and pathogenesis of C. pseudotuberculosis at the protein level. The implementation and use of protocols, strategies, and proteomics approach to characterize the different subcellular fractions of the proteome of this pathogen. In addition, we have discussed the immunoproteomics, immunoinformatics and genetic tools employed to identify targets for immunoassays, drugs, and vaccines against C. pseudotuberculosis infection. Conclusion In this review, we showed that the combination of proteomics and bioinformatics studies is a suitable strategy to elucidate the functional aspects of the C. pseudotuberculosis genome. Together, all information generated from these proteomics studies allowed expanding our knowledge about factors related to the pathophysiology of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson Marques da Silva
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology-(INTA/CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nubia Seyffert
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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de Pinho RB, de Oliveira Silva MT, Bezerra FSB, Borsuk S. Vaccines for caseous lymphadenitis: up-to-date and forward-looking strategies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2287-2296. [PMID: 33651132 PMCID: PMC7923401 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is an infectious chronic disease responsible for economic losses in sheep and goat breeding worldwide. CLA has no effective treatment, evidencing the vaccination schedule as the best control strategy. Although some commercial vaccines have been available, none of them provides total protection, which is sometimes insufficient and does not reach the same efficiency when compared in sheep and goats. They also have questionable safety levels and side effects. In light of this, several experimental vaccines are in development in order to improve safety, reproducibility, and protective immune response against the etiologic agent of CLA, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. In this review, we discussed aspects as antigen, adjuvant, routes of administration, protection level, and animal models used in CLA vaccine development, as well the challenges and future perspectives. KEY POINTS: Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) does not have an appropriate commercial vaccine. Different experimental vaccines are in development aiming to protect against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. An ideal vaccine for CLA is necessary for the disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Barros de Pinho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Prédio 19-, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Mara Thais de Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Prédio 19-, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco Silvestre Brilhante Bezerra
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Aplicada a Doenças Infecto-Parasitárias, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-Parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Prédio 19-, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
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Araújo CL, Alves J, Nogueira W, Pereira LC, Gomide AC, Ramos R, Azevedo V, Silva A, Folador A. Prediction of new vaccine targets in the core genome of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis through omics approaches and reverse vaccinology. Gene 2019; 702:36-45. [PMID: 30928361 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiologic agent of veterinary relevance diseases, such as caseous lymphadenitis, affecting different animal species causing damage to the global agribusiness. So far, there are no completely effective treatment methods to overcome the impacts caused by this pathogen. Several genomes of the species are deposited on public databases, allowing the execution of studies related to the pan-genomic approach. In this study, we used an integrated in silico workflow to prospect novel putative targets using the core genome, a set of shared genes among 65 C. pseudotuberculosis strains. Subsequently, through RNA-Seq data of the same abiotic stresses in two strains, we selected only induced genes to compose the reverse vaccinology workflow based in two different strategies. Our results predicted six probable antigens in both analysis, which indicates that they have a strong potential to be used in further studies as vaccine targets against this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Leonardo Araújo
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jorianne Alves
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Wylerson Nogueira
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lino César Pereira
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Anne Cybelle Gomide
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rommel Ramos
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Adriana Folador
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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Corrêa JI, Stocker A, Trindade SC, Vale V, Brito T, Bastos B, Raynal JT, de Miranda PM, de Alcantara AC, Freire SM, Costa LM, Meyer R. In vivo and in vitro expression of five genes involved in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis virulence. AMB Express 2018; 8:89. [PMID: 29846821 PMCID: PMC5976562 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (LC) is a chronic contagious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, which mainly affects goats and sheep. Vaccination is an effective but not yet well-established method, partly due to a lack of knowledge surrounding the most effective immunoprotective components. The present study aimed to quantify and compare the in vivo expression of genes pld (phospholipase D), cpp (CP40), nanH (neuraminidase H), sodC (superoxide dismutase C) and spaC (adhesin) using qRT-PCR, with the respective expression in vitro. Caseous material of abscesses removed from five animals was cultured, with colonies suggestive of C. pseudotuberculosis identified. RNA extraction was performed on these samples, as well as on the respective pellets derived from liquid cultures brain heart infusion. After evaluating RNA integrity, complementary DNA was synthesized, followed by the relative quantification each of the genes of interest. Mean mRNA expression of the five genes found in abscesses and in cultures differed significantly, with respective values of: nanH 811.50 ± 198.27 and 359.35 ± 75.45 (p = 0.009); cpp 856.31 ± 385.11 and 154.54 ± 94.34 (p = 0.0039); plD 922.70 ± 450.73 and 212.41 ± 153.10 (p = 0.016); sodC 1,293.53 ± 564.75 and 223.63 ± 145.58 (p = 0.016); spaC 1,157.10 ± 525.13 and 214.26 ± 125.70 (p = 0,016). Expression was observed to be 6–8 times higher in abscesses than in cultures, Indicative that is a genetic expression of the in vitro bacterium exists, yet in vivo has a greater magnitude corroborating to one of these virulence factors in the pathogenesis of LC.
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Hoelzle LE, Scherrer T, Muntwyler J, Wittenbrink MM, Philipp W, Hoelzle K. Differences in the antigen structures of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and the induced humoral immune response in sheep and goats. Vet Microbiol 2013; 164:359-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Costa MP, McCulloch JA, Almeida SS, Dorella FA, Fonseca CT, Oliveira DM, Teixeira MF, Laskowska E, Lipinska B, Meyer R, Portela RW, Oliveira SC, Miyoshi A, Azevedo V. Molecular characterization of the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis hsp60-hsp10 operon, and evaluation of the immune response and protective efficacy induced by hsp60 DNA vaccination in mice. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:243. [PMID: 21774825 PMCID: PMC3158118 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are important candidates for the development of vaccines because they are usually able to promote both humoral and cellular immune responses in mammals. We identified and characterized the hsp60-hsp10 bicistronic operon of the animal pathogen Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a Gram-positive bacterium of the class Actinobacteria, which causes caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in small ruminants. Findings To construct the DNA vaccine, the hsp60 gene of C. pseudotuberculosis was cloned in a mammalian expression vector. BALB/c mice were immunized by intramuscular injection with the recombinant plasmid (pVAX1/hsp60). Conclusion This vaccination induced significant anti-hsp60 IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a isotype production. However, immunization with this DNA vaccine did not confer protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcilia P Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av, Antonio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, CP 486, CEP 31,270-901, Belo Horizonte- MG, Brazil.
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Dorella FA, Pacheco LG, Seyffert N, Portela RW, Meyer R, Miyoshi A, Azevedo V. Antigens of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and prospects for vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009; 8:205-13. [PMID: 19196200 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.8.2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis continues to cause considerable economic losses in ovine and caprine herds worldwide, causing caseous lymphadenitis. Nevertheless, the immunology of this disease is relatively unknown. Novel antigens may provide vaccines that are more effective and improve diagnostic methods for better control of this disease. The available commercial vaccines are not able to fully protect susceptible animals, cannot be used in all host species and are not licensed for use in many countries. Recent studies on the genomics of C. pseudotuberculosis and on its molecular determinants of virulence should bring us new alternatives for more effective vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A Dorella
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486 CEP: 31 270-901, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil.
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Paule BJA, Azevedo V, Regis LF, Carminati R, Bahia CR, Vale VLC, Moura-Costa LF, Freire SM, Nascimento I, Schaer R, Goes AM, Meyer R. Experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis primary infection in goats: kinetics of IgG and interferon-gamma production, IgG avidity and antigen recognition by Western blotting. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2004; 96:129-39. [PMID: 14592726 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the cause of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in small ruminants, a chronic granulomatous disease that provokes significant zootechnics losses to ovine and goat breeders in northern Brazil. The present work was conducted to analyse aspects of humoral and cellular immune responses after experimental infection. Eight goats were infected intradermally with a single dose of virulent C. pseudotuberculosis strain and specific IgG, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production as well as IgG avidity and antigens pattern recognition dynamics against an excreted-secreted antigen were recorded during 20 weeks. At the end of the follow-up, animals were slaughtered and necropsied. Although no animals showed apparent clinical signs of infection at the end of the trial, IFN-gamma response, even more so than the humoral response, differentiated animals into two groups of high or medium/low response. The time-course of IFN-gamma production presented a short-lived primary response on day 5 after infection of animals of both groups, and a strong and long lasting secondary response starting on day 16 after infection in the high response group. The indirect ELISA used was able to detect a positive antibody titre between 6 and 11 days after infection in the two groups. IgG avidity index oscillated initially between 15 and 45%, and showed approximately 5% units increment during the 20 follow-up weeks. With only one individual exception, the qualitative antigens pattern recognition showed on day 11 after infection remained constant through the experiment. IgG avidity is highly correlated with IgG production, but could not be related with specific immunodominant bands. Both humoral and cellular responses kinetics presented a similar pattern of activation/deactivation but necropsy results suggested that the IFN-gamma test would be a very specific marker of CLA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J A Paule
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon, S/N-Vale do Canela, CEP 40140-100, Salvador-BA, Brazil.
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Abstract
For many years vaccination of animals has been practiced to prevent infectious diseases using inactivated organisms or modified live organisms. The live vaccines were effective but lacked safety. The vaccines made with inactivated organisms required an adjuvant to induce an immune response that was not as effective as either the clinical disease or live vaccines. An 'ideal' vaccine would induce effective immunity specific for the type of infection, have long duration, require minimal or no boosters, have impeccable safety, would not induce adverse reactions, and be easy to administer. The desire to meet these criteria, and especially safety, has resulted in the development of vaccines that do not depend on the use of the viable disease agent. The emphasis on subunit or inactivated vaccines that meet the desired criteria of a perfect vaccine has resulted in a critical need for better adjuvants and delivery systems. This has resulted in a technological innovation revolution with development of a wide array of different technologies to generate effective vaccines. This review will describe the historical relevance of adjuvants used for parenterally administered inactivated/subunit vaccines as well as describe some of the exciting technological advances including adjuvants (ISCOMS), delivery systems (recombinant vectors, microparticles), and novel approaches (transgenic plants, naked DNA) that are currently being, or will be used in the future, in the search for better, more effective vaccines that meet the current and future needs of veterinary medicine.
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Whittington R. Immunoblot and ultrastructural analysis of antigens extracted from Dichelobacter nodosus with potassium thiocyanate. J Vet Diagn Invest 1996; 8:315-23. [PMID: 8844574 DOI: 10.1177/104063879600800307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The antigens extracted from Dichelobacter nodosus with potassium thiocyanate were analyzed by western blotting with sera from footrot-free sheep and from sheep infected with D. nodosus to identify components specific for infection. Several components with molecular mass < 33 kD were associated with infection, particularly bands of 32.5 kD, 30.5 kD, and 28 kD. Components with molecular mass > 56 kD may be responsible for false-positive reactions observed when sera of footrot-free sheep react with the potassium thiocyanate extract in solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Bands of 62.5 kD, 56 kD, 40 kD, and 19 kD were recognized for most sheep regardless of their disease status or ELISA reactivity and therefore do not appear to be detected by the ELISA. No components of the potassium thiocyanate extract were completely specific for infection. Antigens in the extract were identified primarily on the cell envelope by immunogold electron microscopy. Labeling was concentrated in the periplasm, with minor labeling of the cell surface. The extract consisted of tangled strands of particles with electron-dense cores, and few vesicular structures were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Whittington
- NSW Agriculture, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, Australia
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A Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis bacterin with muramyl dipeptide induces antibody titers, increases the time of onset, and decreases naturally occurring external abscesses in sheep and goats. Small Rumin Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0921-4488(95)00749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Walker J, Jackson HJ, Eggleton DG, Meeusen EN, Wilson MJ, Brandon MR. Identification of a novel antigen from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis that protects sheep against caseous lymphadenitis. Infect Immun 1994; 62:2562-7. [PMID: 8188379 PMCID: PMC186545 DOI: 10.1128/iai.62.6.2562-2567.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A 40-kDa protein antigen from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis has been identified by application of a strategy that employs locally derived antibody-secreting cells (ASC). ASC probes generated by culture of ASC obtained from the lymph node draining the site of infection showed a specificity restricted to a 40-kDa antigen. Analysis of immunoblots with sequential serum samples taken from sheep during the course of experimental primary infection with C. pseudotuberculosis also revealed the 40-kDa antigen as an early immunodominant antigen. Sheep vaccinated with two 100-micrograms doses of a 40-kDa antigen preparation in aluminium hydroxide adjuvant were protected against infection with C. pseudotuberculosis, with an 82% reduction in the proportion of infected sheep and a 98% reduction in lung lesions. Sera from vaccinated sheep exhibited a strong response only to the 40-kDa antigen on immunoblots. These results strongly suggest that the 40-kDa antigen plays a major role in immunity to caseous lymphadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Walker
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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