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Hine BC, Bell AM, Niemeyer DDO, Duff CJ, Butcher NM, Dominik S, Ingham AB, Colditz IG. Immune competence traits assessed during the stress of weaning are heritable and favorably genetically correlated with temperament traits in Angus cattle1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:4053-4065. [PMID: 31581299 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for production traits with little or no emphasis on health-related traits has the potential to increase susceptibility to disease in food-producing animals. A possible genetic strategy to mitigate such effects is to include both production and health traits in the breeding objective when selecting animals. For this to occur, reliable methodologies are required to assess beneficial health traits, such as the immune capacity of animals. We describe here a methodology to assess the immune competence of beef cattle which is both practical to apply on farm and does not restrict the future sale of tested animals. The methodology also accommodates variation in prior vaccination history of cohorts of animals being tested. In the present study, the immune competence phenotype of 1,100 Angus calves was assessed during yard weaning. Genetic parameters associated with immune competence traits were estimated and associations between immune competence, temperament, and stress-coping ability traits were investigated. Results suggested that immune competence traits, related to an animal's ability to mount both antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, are moderately heritable (h2 = 0.32 ± 0.09 and 0.27 ± 0.08, respectively) and favorably genetically correlated with the temperament trait, flight time (r = 0.63 ± 0.31 and 0.60 ± 0.29 with antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, respectively). Development of methodologies to assess the immune competence phenotype of beef cattle is a critical first step in the establishment of genetic selection strategies aimed at improving the general disease resistance of beef herds. Strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of disease in beef cattle are expected to significantly improve animal health and welfare, reduce reliance on the use of antibiotics to treat disease, and reduce disease-associated costs incurred by producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad C Hine
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, F.D. McMaster Laboratory, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy M Bell
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, F.D. McMaster Laboratory, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Sonja Dominik
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, F.D. McMaster Laboratory, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron B Ingham
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian G Colditz
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, F.D. McMaster Laboratory, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Five BoLA-DRB3 genotypes detected in Egyptian buffalo infected with Foot and Mouth disease virus serotype O. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:513-518. [PMID: 30733768 PMCID: PMC6353717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Foot and Mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious disease leads to economically loss in livestock production all over the world. This serious disease is caused due to the infection of the animal with a single-stranded RNA virus (FMDV). This study aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphism of BoLA-DRB3 gene in Egyptian buffalo as a candidate genetic marker included in multi-factorial process of FMD resistance/susceptibility. Also this work aimed to genetically characterization and serotyping of circulating FMD virus in Egypt during 2016. For serotyping of FMDV, RT-PCR was used for FMDV-positive samples and the results declared the presence of serotype O in all tested animals. The sequence analysis of FMDV samples revealed five different patterns for the detected serotype O which were submitted to GenBank under the accession Nos.: MG017361–MG017365. The 302-bp amplified fragments from BoLA-DRB3 exon 2 were digested with HaeIII endonuclease and the results showed that the presence of five BoLA-DRB3 genotypes, among them the genotype AA might be associated with FMD-resistance (P < 0.01). On the other hand, genotype AC could be correlated with susceptibility (P < 0.01) to FMD in Egyptian buffaloes where it was absent in resistant group. The five detected genotypes of BoLA-DRB3 exon 2 were submitted to GenBank with the accession Nos.: MF977316–MF977320. In conclusion, our findings suggested that the detection of different BoLA-DRB3 genotypes may be has a promising role for raising the resistance of Egyptian buffalo against FMDV especially serotype O which is prevalent in Egypt with preferring genotype AA.
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Gowane GR, Akram N, Prince LLL, Prakash V, Kumar A. Genetic appraisal of serological response post vaccination against enterotoxaemia (ET) in Malpura and Avikalin sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:867-873. [PMID: 28337572 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxaemia (ET) is a fatal enteric disease of small ruminants attributable to a toxigenic type of Clostridium perfringens. The key strategy for prevention of ET is the management and vaccination. Present study aimed at identifying the sources of variation for ET vaccine response especially against epsilon toxin in 173 sheep that included 83 Avikalin and 90 Malpura lambs raised at the institute flock in the semi-arid region of India. The mean age at vaccination was 90 days. Sera were tested by blocking ELISA. Study showed significant variability for response to ET vaccine. 5.2% animals had + positivity, 20.8% animals had ++ positivity, 51.4% animals had +++ positivity and 22.5% animals had ++++ positivity. Amongst environmental determinants, breed, season, sex and age at vaccination proved to be non-significant sources of variation (P > 0.05). MHC genotypes with DRB1 gene and DQA2 genes also revealed non-significant association with ET vaccine response; however, a trend of decreasing PI values with increasing ranks was observed. Study revealed strong response of epsilon toxin along with complexity of the ET vaccine response as phenotype to be explained by genetic and non-genetic factors. The importance of better management practices and vaccination is suggested for preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Gowane
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar via, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 304501, India.
| | - Najif Akram
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar via, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 304501, India
| | - L L L Prince
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar via, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 304501, India
| | - Ved Prakash
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar via, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 304501, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar via, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 304501, India
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Gowane GR, Akram N, Prince LLL, Prakash V, Kumar A. Ovar-MHC Polymorphism in Malpura and Avikalin Sheep Vaccinated for Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Virus. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 28:306-314. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2017.1285307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. R. Gowane
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar via Jaipur Rajasthan, India
| | - Najif Akram
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar via Jaipur Rajasthan, India
| | - L. L. L. Prince
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar via Jaipur Rajasthan, India
| | - Ved Prakash
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar via Jaipur Rajasthan, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar via Jaipur Rajasthan, India
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Gowane G, Akram N, Prince L, Prakash V, Paswan C, Sharma R, Kumar A. Evaluation of variability in antibody response induced by vaccination against Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Malpura and Avikalin sheep. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gowane G, Akram N, Misra S, Prakash V, Kumar A. Assessment of the antibody response to Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) disease vaccination in a flock of Sirohi goat kids. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gowane GR, Sharma AK, Sankar M, Narayanan K, Das B, Subramaniam S, Pattnaik B. Association of BoLA DRB3 alleles with variability in immune response among the crossbred cattle vaccinated for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:156-63. [PMID: 23541924 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphism of bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) DRB3 gene is being intensively investigated for potential association with economically important diseases of cattle. Accordingly, we investigated the association of DRB3 Exon 2 polymorphism as evidenced by the variation in the binding pockets with variability in immune response to inactivated trivalent (O, A and Asia1) foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine in a closed population of crossbred cattle. Antibody titer of ≥ 1.8 was set as the cut off value to distinguish the protected (≥ 1.8) and unprotected (<1.8) animals. Eleven different alleles of over 3% frequency were detected in the population. We found that DRB3 alleles 0201, 0801 and 1501 always ranked high for protective immune response whereas alleles 0701, 1103 and 1101 consistently ranked low for unprotected immune response for all the three serotypes. Rank correlation of DRB3 alleles among the three serotypes was positive, high in magnitude and statistically significant (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that odds of protection from the vaccine were highest for all the three serotypes if allele (∗)1501 was present and strengthened the results of allele ranking. Predicted amino acid substitution in the peptide binding pockets revealed that all the important sites had high Wu-Kabat index. Similarly, specific residues in pockets were crucial for immune response to FMD vaccine. There were specific substitutions in un-protected alleles such as absence of acidic amino acids substituted by basic amino acid at β71, presence of non-polar cysteine or basic histidine at β30 and presence of polar tyrosine at β37. From the observations, we hypothesize that the substitutions lead to unique conformational changes in the protein products of the studied alleles that would associate with the protective or unprotective antibody response to FMDV vaccine. The knowledge has potential implications in future selection programs if integrated with the complete BoLA haplotype details and production traits of the herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Gowane
- Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar via Jaipur, Rajasthan 304 501, India.
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Polonelli L, Giovati L, Magliani W, Conti S, Sforza S, Calabretta A, Casoli C, Ronzi P, Grilli E, Gallo A, Masoero F, Piva G. Vaccination of lactating dairy cows for the prevention of aflatoxin B1 carry over in milk. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26777. [PMID: 22053212 PMCID: PMC3203903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of anaflatoxin B1 (AnAFB1) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as a vaccine (AnAFB1-KLH) in controlling the carry over of the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolite aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in cow milk is reported. AFB1 is the most carcinogenic compound in food and foodstuffs amongst aflatoxins (AFs). AnAFB1 is AFB1 chemically modified as AFB1-1(O-carboxymethyl) oxime. In comparison to AFB1, AnAFB1 has proven to be non-toxic in vitro to human hepatocarcinoma cells and non mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium strains. AnAFB1-KLH was used for immunization of cows proving to induce a long lasting titer of anti-AFB1 IgG antibodies (Abs) which were cross reactive with AFB1, AFG1, and AFG2. The elicited anti-AFB1 Abs were able to hinder the secretion of AFM1 into the milk of cows continuously fed with AFB1. Vaccination of lactating animals with conjugated AnAFB1 may represent a solution to the public hazard constituted by milk and cheese contaminated with AFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Polonelli
- Sezione di Microbiologia, Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina di Laboratorio, Università degli Studi, Parma, Italy.
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BoLA-DR peptide binding pockets are fundamental for foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine design in cattle. Vaccine 2009; 28:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractDisease is a major source of economic loss to the livestock industry. Understanding the role of genetic factors in immune responsiveness and disease resistance should provide new approaches to the control of disease through development of safe synthetic subunit vaccines and breeding for disease resistance. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been an important candidate locus for immune responsiveness studies. However, it is clear that other loci play an important role. Identifying these and quantifying the relative importance of MHC and non-MHC genes should result in new insights into host–pathogen interactions, and information that can be exploited by vaccine designers. The rapidly increasing information available about the bovine genome and the identification of polymorphisms in immune-related genes will offer potential candidates that control immune responses to vaccines. The bovine MHC,BoLA, encodes two distinct isotypes of class II molecules, DR and DQ, and in about half the common haplotypes theDQgenes are duplicated and expressed. DQ molecules are composed of two polymorphic chains whereas DR consists of one polymorphic and one non-polymorphic chain. Although, it is clear that MHC polymorphism is related to immune responsiveness, it is less clear how different allelic and locus products influence the outcome of an immune response in terms of generating protective immunity in outbred animals. A peptide derived from foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was used as a probe for BoLA class II function. Both DR and DQ are involved in antigen presentation. In an analysis of T-cell clones specific for the peptide, distinct biases to particular restriction elements were observed. In addition inter-haplotype pairings of DQA and DQB molecules produced functional molecules, which greatly increases the numbers of possible restriction elements, compared with the number of genes, particularly in cattle with duplicatedDQgenes. In a vaccine trial with several peptides derived from FMDV,BoLAclass IIDRB3polymorphisms were correlated with both protection and non-protection. Although variation in immune responsiveness to the FMDV peptide between different individuals is partly explainable byBoLAclass II alleles, other genetic factors play an important role. In a quantitative trait locus project, employing a second-generation cross between Charolais and Holstein cattle, significant sire and breed effects were also observed in T-cell, cytokine and antibody responses to the FMDV peptide. These results suggest that both MHC and non-MHC genes play a role in regulating bovine immune traits of relevance to vaccine design. Identifying these genes and quantifying their relative contributions is the subject of further studies.
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O'Neill RG, Woolliams JA, Glass EJ, Williams JL, Fitzpatrick JL. Quantitative evaluation of genetic and environmental parameters determining antibody response induced by vaccination against bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Vaccine 2006; 24:4007-16. [PMID: 16513223 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The parameters controlling IgG antibody responses induced by vaccination against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were investigated in 463 Holstein-Charolais crossbred cattle. Pre- and post-vaccination sera were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for BRSV-specific IgG and IgG2. Year-of-birth, age, sex and pre-existing antibody were significant sources of variation for IgG responses. Pre-vaccination, progeny with a higher proportion of Holstein genes had higher total BRSV-IgG. By Day 35 post-vaccination, heritabilities peaked at 0.26 for total BRSV-IgG and 0.36 for BRSV-IgG1. There was no evidence for interbreed differences between Holstein and Charolais calves, post-vaccination. These results suggest that calf-sire has a major heritable influence on serum IgG levels following BRSV immunisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G O'Neill
- University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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Abstract
The first effective Brucella vaccine was based on live Brucella abortus strain 19, a laboratory-derived strain attenuated by an unknown process during subculture. This induces reasonable protection against B. abortus, but at the expense of persistent serological responses. A similar problem occurs with the B. melitensis Rev.1 strain that is still the most effective vaccine against caprine and ovine brucellosis. Vaccines based on killed cells of virulent strains administered with adjuvant induced significant protection but also unacceptable levels of antibodies interfering with diagnostic tests. Attempts were made to circumvent this problem by using a live rough strain B. abortus 45/20, but this reverted to virulence in vivo. Use of killed cells of this strain in adjuvant met with moderate success but batch to batch variation in reactogenicity and agglutinogenicity limited application. This problem has been overcome by the development of the rifampicin-resistant mutant B. abortus RB51 strain. This strain has proved safe and effective in the field against bovine brucellosis and exhibits negligible interference with diagnostic serology. Attempts are being made to develop defined rough mutant vaccine strains that would be more effective against B. melitensis and B. suis. Various studies have examined cell-free native and recombinant proteins as candidate protective antigens, with or without adjuvants. Limited success has been obtained with these or with DNA vaccines encoding known protective antigens in experimental models and further work is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhardt G Schurig
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Koets AP, Adugna G, Janss LL, van Weering HJ, Kalis CH, Wentink GH, Rutten VP, Schukken YH. Genetic variation of susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2000; 83:2702-8. [PMID: 11104291 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(00)75164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Paratuberculosis is an infectious disease that is not easily amenable to classical control methods such as treatment and vaccination. Experimental animal models suggest that there could be genetic factors responsible for susceptibility or resistance to infection with the causative agent, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic variation in susceptibility to paratuberculosis in Dutch dairy cattle. Data collected during a vaccination trial, conducted from 1984 to 1994, was used. A total of 3020 cows, with complete pedigree records and infection status at slaughter, were available for analysis. A standard polygenic statistical probit model was used to estimate heritabilities. The estimated heritability of susceptibility to M. avium. subsp. paratuberculosis infection was 0.06 for the overall population. In the subpopulation of vaccinated animals the estimated heritability was 0.09. Other calculations based on the model used in this study argue against a prominent role for vertical transmission. Because the establishment of genetic variation is one of the first steps towards the exploration of the possible use of selection for genetic improvement, the present study provides evidence for the presence of genetic variation in the susceptibility of cattle to paratuberculosis. Because the economic impact of the disease is substantial, the development and application of genetic tools, along with other control methods, could be instrumental in the eradication of paratuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Koets
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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de Graaf DC, Spano F, Petry F, Sagodira S, Bonnin A. Speculation on whether a vaccine against cryptosporidiosis is a reality or fantasy. Int J Parasitol 1999; 29:1289-306. [PMID: 10576579 PMCID: PMC7130201 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/1999] [Revised: 06/03/1999] [Accepted: 06/03/1999] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the authors question whether the development of a vaccine against cryptosporidiosis could be taken into consideration. The necessity and feasibility of such a vaccine for human and veterinary application is discussed. Developmental stages within the life cycle of the parasite that might act as possible targets for vaccine development are summarised, as well as the target antigens offered by molecular biology and immunology studies. Vaccination trials against cryptosporidiosis carried out so far, including the active and passive immunisation approach, are also overviewed. It seems that with respect to a Cryptosporidium vaccine two target groups can be considered: children of the developing world and neonatal ruminants. Antigens representing possible candidates for a subunit vaccine were identified based on their function, location and/or the immune response they evoke. While the active vaccination of newborn calves, lambs and goat kids has to face a number of important limitations, the passive immunisation approach, where dams were immunised to protect their progeny by colostral transfer, was proven to be a valuable alternative. Finally, a number of points of action for the near future are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C de Graaf
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Wilkie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
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