Embryonal origin of adult tumors: carcinomas of kidney, bladder, prostate, and testicle

Aberrant mammary tissue and nephrourinary malignancy

Polythelia (supernumerary nipple) provides a clue to congenital and hereditary malformations of the kidney and the urinary collecting system. It is also regarded as a cutaneous paraneoplastic marker because of the significant association with urogenital malignancies. A 38-year-old man with sporadic left supernumerary nipple without evidence of ear, facies, or gonadal defects or lateral displacement of the nipples was routinely examined for the presence of renal anomalies. Investigation revealed left polycystic kidney disease with adenocarcinoma in the upper pole. The nephrocutaneous defects and renal malignancy showed a peculiar ipsilaterality. The overlap between polythelia, polycystic kidney disease with adenocarcinoma in the upper pole. The nephrocutaneous defects and renal malignancy showed a peculiar ipsilaterality. The overlap between polythelia, polycystic kidney, and renal adenocarcinoma may provide a further clue to the embryonal origin of this cancer.

Familial association of supernumerary nipple with renal cancer

Renal adenocarcinoma and supernumerary nipple (SNN) were observed in three first-degree relatives. The autosomal dominant association may represent a manifestation of the SNN/renal field defect in this extraordinary family.

Chromosome instability in bladder carcinoma patients

The relationship between the presence of a high frequency of chromosome aberrations and a predisposition to cancer has been well established in the so-called chromosome instability syndromes. Chromosome instability is also present in a variety of patients affected by cancer, and sometimes in their healthy relatives. We present a cytogenetic study carried out in lymphocytes from 13 untreated bladder carcinoma patients (only four of them had a history of occupational exposure to mutagens). Percentages of aberrant metaphases were significantly higher in cancer patients than in controls. Of the total number of chromosome aberrations in cancer patients, 67.16% corresponded to major structural chromosome abnormalities, while 25.37% were gaps or breaks. Numerical abnormalities represented 7.46% of the total. The bands more frequently involved in chromosome rearrangements were 5q31 and 1q32. Our results tentatively indicate that a significant proportion of patients with bladder carcinoma may have an underlying inherent chromosome instability. An age effect cannot be excluded, but we did not find significant differences between patients over 50 years of age and patients under 50 years of age.