1
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Shaw BC, Estus S. Pseudogene-Mediated Gene Conversion After CRISPR-Cas9 Editing Demonstrated by Partial CD33 Conversion with SIGLEC22P. CRISPR J 2021; 4:699-709. [PMID: 34558988 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although gene editing workflows typically consider the possibility of off-target editing, pseudogene-directed homology repair has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously. Here, we employed a CRISPR-Cas9 strategy for targeted excision of exon 2 in CD33 in U937 human monocyte cell line. Candidate clonal cell lines were screened by using a clinically relevant antibody known to label the IgV domain encoded by exon 2 (P67.6, gemtuzumab). In addition to the anticipated deletion of exon 2, we also found unexpected P67.6-negative cell lines, which had apparently retained CD33 exon 2. Sequencing revealed that these lines underwent gene conversion from the nearby SIGLEC22P pseudogene during homology repair that resulted in three missense mutations relative to CD33. Ectopic expression studies confirmed that the P67.6 epitope is dependent upon these amino acids. In summation, we report that pseudogene-directed homology repair can lead to aberrant CRISPR gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Shaw
- Department of Physiology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Steven Estus
- Department of Physiology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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2
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MacKinnon RN, Peverall J, Campbell LJ, Wall M. Detailed molecular cytogenetic characterisation of the myeloid cell line U937 reveals the fate of homologous chromosomes and shows that centromere capture is a feature of genome instability. Mol Cytogenet 2020; 13:50. [PMID: 33317567 PMCID: PMC7737353 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-00517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The U937 cell line is widely employed as a research tool. It has a complex karyotype. A PICALM-MLLT10 fusion gene formed by the recurrent t(10;11) translocation is present, and the myeloid common deleted region at 20q12 has been lost from its near-triploid karyotype. We carried out a detailed investigation of U937 genome reorganisation including the chromosome 20 rearrangements and other complex rearrangements. RESULTS SNP array, G-banding and Multicolour FISH identified chromosome segments resulting from unbalanced and balanced rearrangements. The organisation of the abnormal chromosomes containing these segments was then reconstructed with the strategic use of targeted metaphase FISH. This provided more accurate karyotype information for the evolving karyotype. Rearrangements involving the homologues of a chromosome pair could be differentiated in most instances. Centromere capture was demonstrated in an abnormal chromosome containing parts of chromosomes 16 and 20 which were stabilised by joining to a short section of chromosome containing an 11 centromere. This adds to the growing number of examples of centromere capture, which to date have a high incidence in complex karyotypes where the centromeres of the rearranged chromosomes are identified. There were two normal copies of one chromosome 20 homologue, and complex rearrangement of the other homologue including loss of the 20q12 common deleted region. This confirmed the previously reported loss of heterozygosity of this region in U937, and defined the rearrangements giving rise to this loss. CONCLUSIONS Centromere capture, stabilising chromosomes pieced together from multiple segments, may be a common feature of complex karyotypes. However, it has only recently been recognised, as this requires deliberate identification of the centromeres of abnormal chromosomes. The approach presented here is invaluable for studying complex reorganised genomes such as those produced by chromothripsis, and provides a more complete picture than can be obtained by microarray, karyotyping or FISH studies alone. One major advantage of SNP arrays for this process is that the two homologues can usually be distinguished when there is more than one rearrangement of a chromosome pair. Tracking the fate of each homologue and of highly repetitive DNA regions such as centromeres helps build a picture of genome evolution. Centromere- and telomere-containing elements are important to deducing chromosome structure. This study confirms and highlights ongoing evolution in cultured cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth N. MacKinnon
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St Vincent’s Hospital, PO Box 2900, Fitzroy, Melbourne, 3065 Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joanne Peverall
- PathWest Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Lynda J. Campbell
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St Vincent’s Hospital, PO Box 2900, Fitzroy, Melbourne, 3065 Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Meaghan Wall
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
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3
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Profiling of Metabolic Differences between Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Acute/Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110427. [PMID: 33114596 PMCID: PMC7692247 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have been conducted on leukemia, only a few have analyzed the metabolomic profiles of various leukemic cells. In this study, the metabolomes of THP-1, U937, KG-1 (acute myelogenous leukemia, AML), K562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia, CML), and cord blood-derived CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and specific metabolic alterations were found using multivariate statistical analysis. Compared to HSCs, leukemia cell metabolomes were found to have significant alterations, among which three were related to amino acids, three to sugars, and five to fatty acids. Compared to CML, four metabolomes were observed specifically in AML. Given that overall more metabolites are present in leukemia cells than in HSCs, we observed that the activation of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism facilitated the incidence of leukemia and the proliferation of leukemic cells. Analysis of metabolome profiles specifically present in HSCs and leukemia cells greatly increases our basic understanding of cellular metabolic characteristics, which is valuable fundamental knowledge for developing novel anticancer drugs targeting leukemia metabolism.
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4
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Kjeldsen E, Nielsen CJF, Roy A, Tesauro C, Jakobsen AK, Stougaard M, Knudsen BR. Characterization of Camptothecin-induced Genomic Changes in the Camptothecin-resistant T-ALL-derived Cell Line CPT-K5. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:91-114. [PMID: 29496689 PMCID: PMC5892604 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of resistance to topoisomerase I (TOP1)-targeting camptothecin (CPT) derivatives is a major clinical problem. Little is known about the underlying chromosomal and genomic mechanisms. We characterized the CPT-K5 cell line expressing mutant CPT-resistant TOP1 and its parental T-cell derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia CPT-sensitive RPMI-8402 cell line by karyotyping and molecular genetic methods, including subtractive oligo-based array comparative genomic hybridization (soaCGH) analysis. Karyotyping revealed that CPT-K5 cells had acquired additional structural aberrations and a reduced modal chromosomal number compared to RPMI-8402. soaCGH analysis identified vast copy number alterations and >200 unbalanced DNA breakpoints distributed unevenly across the chromosomal complement in CPT-K5. In addition, the short tandem repeat alleles were found to be highly different between CPT-K5 and its parental cell line. We identified copy number alterations affecting genes important for maintaining genome integrity and reducing CPT-induced DNA damage. We show for the first time that short tandem repeats are targets for TOP1 cleavage, that can be differentially stimulated by CPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eigil Kjeldsen
- Cancer Cytogenetics Section, HemoDiagnostic Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christine J F Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C.F. Møllers Allé, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Amit Roy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C.F. Møllers Allé, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cinzia Tesauro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C.F. Møllers Allé, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Magnus Stougaard
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitta R Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C.F. Møllers Allé, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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5
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Mackinnon RN, Selan C, Zordan A, Wall M, Nandurkar H, Campbell LJ. CGH and SNP array using DNA extracted from fixed cytogenetic preparations and long-term refrigerated bone marrow specimens. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:10. [PMID: 22300816 PMCID: PMC3296743 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The analysis of nucleic acids is limited by the availability of archival specimens and the quality and amount of the extracted material. Archived cytogenetic preparations are stored in many laboratories and are a potential source of total genomic DNA for array karyotyping and other applications. Array CGH using DNA from fixed cytogenetic preparations has been described, but it is not known whether it can be used for SNP arrays. Diagnostic bone marrow specimens taken during the assessment of hematological malignancies are also a potential source of DNA, but it is generally assumed that DNA must be extracted, or the specimen frozen, within a day or two of collection, to obtain DNA suitable for further analysis. We have assessed DNA extracted from these materials for both SNP array and array CGH. Results We show that both SNP array and array CGH can be performed on genomic DNA extracted from cytogenetic specimens stored in Carnoy's fixative, and from bone marrow which has been stored unfrozen, at 4°C, for at least 36 days. We describe a procedure for extracting a usable concentration of total genomic DNA from cytogenetic suspensions of low cellularity. Conclusions The ability to use these archival specimens for DNA-based analysis increases the potential for retrospective genetic analysis of clinical specimens. Fixed cytogenetic preparations and long-term refrigerated bone marrow both provide DNA suitable for array karyotyping, and may be suitable for a wider range of analytical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth N Mackinnon
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St Vincent's Hospital (Melbourne), Fitzroy, Vic, Australia.
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6
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Lee JY, Lee CH, Shim SH, Seo HK, Kyhm JH, Cho S, Cho YH. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the monoblastic cell line U937. karyotype clarification by G-banding, whole chromosome painting, microdissection and reverse painting, and comparative genomic hybridization. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2002; 137:124-32. [PMID: 12393283 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports on the analysis of the human monoblastic cell line U937 had described several sublines containing unidentified rearrangements and marker chromosomes. In order to determine the true nature of the rearrangements, conventional banding analysis was carried out with various combinations of molecular cytogenetic techniques: comparative genomic hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome painting probes, and microdissection and reverse painting FISH. The origins of the marker chromosomes were identified and the composite karyotype is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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7
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Matteucci C, La Starza R, Crescenzi B, Falzetti D, Romoli S, Emiliani C, Orlacchio A, Marynen P, Martelli MF, Mecucci C. Interpretation of the complex karyotype and identification of a new 6p amplicon by integrated comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization on the U937-I cell line. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2002; 135:28-34. [PMID: 12072200 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular cytogenetics is helpful to identify complex and cryptic genomic changes in malignancy. Human leukemic cell lines are an important tool for advancements of biological research on malignant cells, one critical step being characterization of genomic changes. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization to refine karyotypic interpretation of the diffuse histiocytic lymphoma derived U937-1 cell line. From this integrated approach, chromosome material involved in nine karyotypic markers and in unbalanced translocations could be identified. Moreover, a previously undetected amplicon emerged within band 6p21. The U937-I is a new in vitro model to study genome amplification and unknown recombinations in leukemic cells, such as those involving the centromeric region of chromosome 1.
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MESH Headings
- Aneuploidy
- Chromosomes, Human/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/ultrastructure
- Gene Amplification
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- U937 Cells/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Matteucci
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, University of Perugia, Policlinico Monteluce, Perugia, Italy
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8
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Strefford JC, Foot NJ, Chaplin T, Neat MJ, Oliver RT, Young BD, Jones LK. The characterisation of the lymphoma cell line U937, using comparative genomic hybridisation and multi-plex FISH. CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS 2002; 94:9-14. [PMID: 11701946 DOI: 10.1159/000048774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cell line U937, which has been used extensively for studies of myeloid differentiation, bears the t(10;11)(p13;q14) translocation which results in a fusion between the MLLT10 (myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia [trithorax, Drosophila, homolog]; translocated to 10; alias AF10) gene and the Ap-3-like clathrin assembly protein, PICALM (Clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukaemia). Apart from this translocation, very little is known about the other genetic alterations in this cell line that may represent significant events in disease progression. In this study, conventional G-banding, CGH and M-FISH have been used to characterise fully all of the cytogenetic alterations present in the U937 cell line. M-FISH analysis confirmed the presence of the t(10;11) and an apparently normal copy of both chromosomes 10 and 11. A t(1;5) translocation was observed as well as several unbalanced rearrangements. CGH detected amplifications resulting from duplications of 2q, 6p and 13q. These changes could result in fusion gene products involved in carcinogenesis or the positions of putative oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. A good correlation between conventional G-banding, CGH and M-FISH was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Strefford
- ICRF Medical Oncology Unit, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, UK.
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9
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MacLeod RA, Dirks WG, Matsuo Y, Kaufmann M, Milch H, Drexler HG. Widespread intraspecies cross-contamination of human tumor cell lines arising at source. Int J Cancer 1999; 83:555-63. [PMID: 10508494 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19991112)83:4<555::aid-ijc19>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We present a panoptic survey of cell line cross-contamination (CLCC) among original stocks of human cell lines, investigated using molecular genetic methods. The survey comprised 252 consecutive human cell lines, almost exclusively tumor-derived, submitted by their originators to the DSMZ and 5 additional cell repositories (CRs), using a combination of DNA profiling (4-locus minisatellite and multilocus microsatellite probes) and molecular cytogenetics, exploiting an interactive database (http://www.dsmz.de/). Widespread high levels of cross-contaminants (CCs) were uncovered, affecting 45 cell lines (18%) supplied by 27 of 93 originators (29%). Unlike previous reports, most CCs (42/45) occurred intraspecies, a discrepancy attributable to improved detection of the more insidious intraspecies CCs afforded by molecular methods. The most prolific CCs were classic tumor cell lines, the numbers of CCs they caused being as follows: HeLa (n = 11), T-24 (n = 4), SK-HEP-1 (n = 4), U-937 (n = 4) and HT-29 (n = 3). All 5 supposed instances of spontaneous immortalization of normal cells were spurious, due to CLCC, including ECV304, the most cited human endothelial cell line. Although high, our figure for CCs at the source sets a lower limit only as (i) many older tumor cell lines were unavailable for comparison and (ii) circulating cell lines are often obtained indirectly, rather than via originators or CRs. The misidentified cell lines reported here have already been unwittingly used in several hundreds of potentially misleading reports, including use as inappropriate tumor models and subclones masquerading as independent replicates. We believe these findings indicate a grave and chronic problem demanding radical measures, to include extra controls over cell line authentication, provenance and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A MacLeod
- DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.
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10
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Bui TD, Beier DR, Jonssen M, Smith K, Dorrington SM, Kaklamanis L, Kearney L, Regan R, Sussman DJ, Harris AL. cDNA cloning of a human dishevelled DVL-3 gene, mapping to 3q27, and expression in human breast and colon carcinomas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 239:510-6. [PMID: 9344861 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
dishevelled (Dsh) is a member of the segment polarity gene family in Drosophila which plays an important role in the early developmental patterning processes. A human homologue of Dsh (DVL-1) has recently been described. Here, we report the cloning of a second human homologue of Dsh (called DVL-3) by cDNA library screening. The human DVL-3 gene encodes a predicted 716 amino acid protein which exhibits 98% amino acid identity with mouse Dvl-3 and 49% with Drosophila Dsh. DVL-3 was mapped to 3q27. The expression of DVL-3 mRNA was detected in 30 human cell lines and 2 primary cell cultures. DVL-3 mRNA was detected in normal human breast tissues (n = 4) and tumours (n = 25). Statistically, there was no difference in DVL-3 mRNA level between normal breast tissues and tumours. In human colorectal samples, DVL-3 was expressed equally in matched normal tissues, polyps and tumours. The data indicates that DVL-3 is widely expressed in human cells and supports the notion of a new developmental gene family for dishevelled which may have a widespread role in signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Bui
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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Deichmann M, Bentz M, Haas R. Ultra-sensitive FISH is a useful tool for studying chronic HIV-1 infection. J Virol Methods 1997; 65:19-25. [PMID: 9128858 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(96)02164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Using an ultra-sensitive fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) protocol, integration sites of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) were mapped in two model cell lines for chronic HIV infection. In the promonocytic cell line U1/HIV-1, the two integrated copies of proviral HIV-DNA were located on the short arm of one copy of chromosome X (band Xp21) and on a rearranged chromosome 6. In the T-cell line 8E5/LAV, the single copy of proviral HIV-DNA was integrated into chromosomal bands 13q14-q21, which are known to contain common fragile sites. In addition, ultra-sensitive FISH was used for the detection of HIV provirus sequences in interphase cells, achieving a high hybridization efficiency. This application allows the analysis of the HIV status on a single cell level and thus may become a useful tool for the study of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Deichmann
- Klinische Kooperationseinheit Molekulare Hämatologie/Onkologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Dreyling MH, Martinez-Climent JA, Zheng M, Mao J, Rowley JD, Bohlander SK. The t(10;11)(p13;q14) in the U937 cell line results in the fusion of the AF10 gene and CALM, encoding a new member of the AP-3 clathrin assembly protein family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:4804-9. [PMID: 8643484 PMCID: PMC39360 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.10.4804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The translocation t(10;11)(p13;q14) is a recurring chromosomal abnormality that has been observed in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia as well as acute myeloid leukemia. We have recently reported that the monocytic cell line U937 has a t(10;11)(p13;q14) translocation. Using a combination of positional cloning and candidate gene approach, we cloned the breakpoint and were able to show that AF10 is fused to a novel gene that we named CALM (Clathrin Assembly Lymphoid Myeloid leukemia gene) located at 11q14. AF10, a putative transcription factor, had recently been cloned as one of the fusion partners of MLL. CALM has a very high homology in its N-terminal third to the murine ap-3 gene which is one of the clathrin assembly proteins. The N-terminal region of ap-3 has been shown to bind to clathrin and to have a high-affinity binding site for phosphoinositols. The identification of the CALM/AF10 fusion gene in the widely used U937 cell line will contribute to our understanding of the malignant phenotype of this line.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Monocytes/ultrastructure
- Monomeric Clathrin Assembly Proteins
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Dreyling
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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13
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Kobayashi H, Thirman MJ, Rowley JD. U937 cell line has a t(10;11)(p13-14;q14-21) rather than a deletion of 11q. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1995; 13:217-8. [PMID: 7669742 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870130312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The U937 cell line was studied with the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique using phage and cosmid probes which were mapped and ordered on 11q. Although this cell line was thought to have a del(11q), FISH demonstrated that 11q was translocated to 10p and that the breakpoint on 11q is centromeric to the MLL gene. This 10;11 translocation appears to be a t(10;11)(p13-14;q14-21), which was recently reported to be a recurring translocation in malignant hematologic disease. This cell line will be a good tool for the study of this chromosomal rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637-1470, USA
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14
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Shipley J, Williams S, O'Byrne A, Kearney L, Jones T, Young B, Dyer M, Catovsky D, Sheer D, Gusterson B. Characterization of a t(10;11)(p13-14;q14-21) in the monoblastic cell line U937. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1995; 13:138-42. [PMID: 7542909 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870130211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous analysis of the monoblastic cell line U937 has shown that several sublines contain a rearranged chromosome arm 11q. In order to determine the true nature of the rearrangement, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was carried out with various combinations of single copy anonymous markers, clones containing genes, a chromosome 10 paint, and an 11 centromere specific sequence. The rearrangement was deduced to be a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 10 and 11 described as t(10;11)(p13-14;q14-21). The breakpoint on chromosome 11 is telomeric to the INT2 gene and the pHS11 probe at 11q13, and centromeric to the marker D11S36 localized to 11q14.3-q22.1 and the MLL gene at 11q23. Similar translocations have been reported in various acute leukemias, principally of the monocytic lineage, and also in T-cell precursor acute lymphocytic leukemias. Further characterization of the genetic rearrangements in U937 may lead to the isolation of genes important in leukemogenesis and provide an in vitro system for their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shipley
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
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15
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Young BD. Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of chromosome 11q23 abnormalities in leukaemia. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY 1992; 5:881-95. [PMID: 1308168 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3536(11)80050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B D Young
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
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16
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Shipley J, Sheer D. Deletion of c-ets1 and T3 gamma loci from the 11q- chromosome in the human monoblastic cell line U937. Leuk Res 1989; 13:445-50. [PMID: 2528035 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(89)90164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The 11q- chromosome in the human monoblastic cell line U937 appears to be derived from an interstitial deletion in bands 11q21-23/24 or a translocation with an unknown chromosome. We show here by in situ hybridisation that this chromosome has lost the c-ets1 and T3 gamma loci. C-ets1 and T3 gamma sequences were not detected on any chromosomes besides the normal 11, indicating either that they were lost from the genome or that the chromosome to which they were translocated was not present in a high enough proportion of the cells to be detected by in situ hybridisation. No DNA rearrangements were found with three different restriction enzymes in the c-ets1, N-CAM, Thy-1 and c-sea genes detected by our probes. There was also no detectable rearrangement in the c-fms gene which was shown to be translocated from chromosome 5 to chromosome 1 in a subline of U937. The size of the c-fms and c-ets1 messages were normal. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Southern
- Cell Line
- Chromosome Aberrations/genetics
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Disorders
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- DNA Probes
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta
- Transcription Factors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shipley
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, U.K
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