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Bi X, Li C, Shang M, Han B, Li H, Sun L, Lin Y, Yang S. The first case of six-way complex translocation of t(4;7;9;22;8;14) in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia. J Hematop 2024; 17:97-101. [PMID: 38492169 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-024-00577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), patients exhibit the t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) translocation, resulting in the formation of a Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). However, a subset of CML patients display variant complex translocations, characterized by three-way, four-way, and five-way translocations, which have been occasionally associated with a poor prognosis. This case report presents the first case of a t(9;22) variant six-way complex translocation in CML. The R banding chromosome karyotyping technique was used to obtain preliminary karyotyping results, and the multi-probe FISH technique was used to assist in the verification of chromosome results. Both FISH and PCR proved the existence of fusion genes. A 45-year-old male patient admitted to our hospital due to elevated WBC and anemia. Bone marrow smears revealed a significant proliferation of mature granulocytes, accompanied by an increase in eosinophils and basophils. Karyotype analysis indicated abnormalities in six chromosomes, including 4, 7, 8, 9, 14, and 22. Further analysis using FISH technology demonstrated the presence of the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, as well as the mapping of the BCR (22q11), MYC (8q24), IGH (14q32), D4S163 (4q35.1), and D7S486 (7q31) genes to new chromosomes. Ultimately, the karyotype findings were described as t(4;7;9;22;8;14)(q27;q22;q34;q11;q22;q12). PCR showed that BCR::ABL1 was p210. After treatment with imatinib for 4 months, the patient achieved complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and early molecular response (EMR). This is the first report of complex chromosomal karyotype involving six-way translocation in CML; the combination of chromosome analysis and FISH techniques is an effective strategy in determining the karyotype result.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Male
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Middle Aged
- Karyotyping/methods
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Bi
- Department of Cytogenetics, Sino-US Diagnostics Lab, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of Al-Aided Hematopathology Diagnosis, 5 Xinghua No.3 Branch Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Miao Shang
- Department of Hematology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Bingbing Han
- Department of Cytogenetics, Sino-US Diagnostics Lab, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of Al-Aided Hematopathology Diagnosis, 5 Xinghua No.3 Branch Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Cytogenetics, Sino-US Diagnostics Lab, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of Al-Aided Hematopathology Diagnosis, 5 Xinghua No.3 Branch Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Lidan Sun
- Department of Cytogenetics, Sino-US Diagnostics Lab, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of Al-Aided Hematopathology Diagnosis, 5 Xinghua No.3 Branch Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Yani Lin
- Department of Cytogenetics, Sino-US Diagnostics Lab, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of Al-Aided Hematopathology Diagnosis, 5 Xinghua No.3 Branch Road, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shaobin Yang
- Department of Cytogenetics, Sino-US Diagnostics Lab, Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of Al-Aided Hematopathology Diagnosis, 5 Xinghua No.3 Branch Road, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Asif M, Hussain A, Wali A, Ahmed N, Ali I, Iqbal Z, Amir M, Shafiq M, Rasool M. Molecular, Cytogenetic, and Hematological Analysis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients and Discovery of Two Novel Translocations. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2021; 2021:4909012. [PMID: 34422550 PMCID: PMC8378985 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4909012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a disease of hematopoietic stem cells and is caused by the balanced translocations among the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, which are called the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. In this study, 131 CML patients were enrolled. Complete blood cell count was performed at the time of diagnosis for all the patients. Cytogenetic (karyotyping) examination using bone marrow samples was conducted on 76 CML patients for the confirmation of Ph-positive (9;22)(q34;q11) standard translocation, complex variant translocation, and additional chromosome abnormalities. FISH was performed on 38 patients for diagnostic purposes and on 39 patients for monitoring purposes. Twenty-two samples of CML patients were evaluated by reverse transcriptase PCR and real-time PCR for the patients who failed to respond against imatinib mesylate. In this study, 72 (54.96%) were males and 59 (45.03%) were females with a median age of 38.5 years. CBC values in the diagnosis process showed that 75 patients had high values of WBC being >100 × 103/μl, while 71 (58.01) patients exhibited reduced values of hemoglobin, i.e., <10.00 mg/dl, and high values of PLTs > 100 were observed in 40 (30.53%) patients. Cytogenetic results show that standard translocation was developed in 63 (82.89%), development of complex variant translocations in 4 (5.32%), additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs) in 3 (3.94%), and ACAs together with complex variant translocations in 1 (1.31%) patient. At the time of diagnosis, 61 (92.95%) patients were in the chronic phase, 4 (5.63%) were in the accelerated phase, and only 1 (1.40%) was in the blast crisis. Out of twenty-two patients, only 6 CML patients who were shifted from imatinib mesylate to nilotinib showed BCR-ABL-positive amplification. However, only 7 out of twenty-one patients exhibit BCR-ABL gene values ≥ 1 after three months of follow-up when analyzed by the quantitative real-time PCR. In conclusion, we found a novel five-way translocation 46XX,t(1;2;2;17;9;22)(p36.3,q21;q11.2,q21,q34,q11.2) and a novel four-way complex variant translocation 48XY,+8(8;17)(9;22),+der(22)(q11.2;q23)(q34;q11.2) in the accelerated phase.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Drug Substitution
- Female
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Translocation, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
- Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wali
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Nazeer Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ali
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Agriculture University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/KAIMRC/SSBMT, National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Amir
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Prescott JE, Osthus RC, Lee LA, Lewis BC, Shim H, Barrett JF, Guo Q, Hawkins AL, Griffin CA, Dang CV. A novel c-Myc-responsive gene, JPO1, participates in neoplastic transformation. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:48276-84. [PMID: 11598121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m107357200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a novel c-Myc-responsive gene, named JPO1, by representational difference analysis. JPO1 responds to two inducible c-Myc systems and behaves as a direct c-Myc target gene. JPO1 mRNA expression is readily detectable in the thymus, small intestine, and colon, whereas expression is relatively low in spleen, bone marrow, and peripheral leukocytes. We cloned a full-length JPO1 cDNA that encodes a 47-kDa nuclear protein. To determine the role of JPO1 in Myc-mediated cellular phenotypes, stable Rat1a fibroblasts overexpressing JPO1 were tested and compared with transformed Rat1a-Myc cells. Although JPO1 has a diminished transforming activity as compared with c-Myc, JPO1 complements a transformation-defective Myc Box II mutant in the Rat1a transformation assay. This complementation provides evidence for a genetic link between c-Myc and JPO1. Similar to c-Myc, JPO1 overexpression enhances the clonogenicity of CB33 human lymphoblastoid cells in methylcellulose assays. These observations suggest that JPO1 participates in c-Myc-mediated transformation, supporting an emerging concept that c-Myc target genes constitute nodal points in a network of pathways that lead from c-Myc to various Myc-related phenotypes and ultimately to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Prescott
- Program in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205,USA
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4
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Mantzourani MARINA, Stavroyianni NIKI, Abazis DANAI, Kyriazopoulos PANAYIOTIS, Pangalos CONSTANTINOS, Loukopoulos DIMITRIS, Yataganas XENOPHON. Malignancy: Molecular Demonstration of BCR/ABL Fusion in a Patient with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia with Basophilia Carrying a Variant t(16;22) (q24;q11) Philadelphia Chromosome. HEMATOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2001; 4:211-216. [PMID: 11399565 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.1999.11746444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase and basophilia which was found to carry a simple variant t(16;22) (q24;q11) Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome in unstimulated bone marrow mononuclear cells. Molecular analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells demonstrated the presence of a bcr-abl chimeric mRNA transcript of the b(3) -a(2) type. These findings confirm that band 9q34 participates in the formation of all Ph chromosomes, either standard or variant, even when this is not detectable by conventional cytogenetics. The available literature concerning variant Philadelphia translocations is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARINA Mantzourani
- First Department of Medicine, University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Diagnostic Genetic Center, Athens, Greece
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5
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Yamamoto K, Hamaguchi H, Nagata K, Kobayashi M, Takashima T, Taniwaki M. A new complex translocation (15;20;17)(q22;p13;q21) in acute promyelocytic leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1998; 101:89-94. [PMID: 9494608 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe here a 39-year-old male with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) carrying a new complex translocation (15;20;17). A chromosomal analysis of the bone marrow cells showed 46, XY, t(15;20;17)(q22;p13;q21). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using plasmid DNA libraries of chromosomes 15, 17, and 20 revealed three derivative chromosomes, der(15)t(15;17), der(17)t(17;20), and der(20)t(15;20). Fluorescence in situ hybridization with cosmid DNA probes flanking the breakpoints of t(15;17) did not show the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha)/PML fusion signal usually generated on the der(17)t(15;17). However, rearrangement of the RAR alpha gene and expression of the PML/RAR alpha chimeric transcript were identified by Southern blot and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses, respectively. Our results confirmed that the PML/RAR alpha gene on the der(15)t(15;17), not the RAR alpha/PML gene, must be essential to leukemogenesis in APL. Furthermore, considering another reported case with a 20p13 aberration, it is possible that 20p13 is a nonrandom breakpoint in APL with a complex translocation.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Blotting, Southern
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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O'Brien S, Thall PF, Siciliano MJ. Cytogenetics of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY 1997; 10:259-76. [PMID: 9376663 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3536(97)80006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is present in the leukaemic cells of most patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Variant translocations occur in 10% of patients but breakpoints on chromosomes 9 and 22 remain the same, so prognosis of these patients is unchanged. Clonal evolution is infrequent in chronic phase and its significance depends on the specific chromosome involved, the number of metaphases affected and the timing in the chronic phase. The majority of patients in blastic phase demonstrate clonal evolution; three specific abnormalities (+Ph, +8 and isochromosome 17q) are present in 70% of patients. Loss of the Ph chromosome on therapy is associated with prolonged survival. For monitoring these events conventional G-band cytogenetics (CG) is essential at presentation to characterize the Disease cytogenetically, while fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on hypermetaphase preparations (hypermetaphase FISH (HMF)) is important for establishing the specific frequency of Ph+ cells. During treatment FISH on interphase cells (I-FISH) can monitor the level of Ph+ cells in circulation, while CG may be used to identify any suspected clonal evolution. Where I-FISH is negative, HMF is essential to evaluate minimal residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O'Brien
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer, Center, Houston 77030, USA
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7
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Acar H, Stewart J, Boyd E, Connor MJ. Identification of variant translocations in chronic myeloid leukemia by fluorescence in situ hybridization. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1997; 93:115-8. [PMID: 9078295 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied two cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) having variant complex translocations detected by trypsin G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Application of dual color- (DC-) FISH using abl and bor cosmid probes permitted us to detect the bor-abl fusion event on both interphase nuclei and metaphase spread. Furthermore, FISH using combinatorial hybridization (centromeric-library and library-library probes) demonstrated the content and the position of the translocations in CML patients with variant (complex type) Ph-positive rearrangements. FISH analysis appears to be superior than conventional cytogenetic analysis.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- H Acar
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Selçuk, Konya, Turkey
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8
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Martin ES, Joseph A, Ahmad MA, Borgaonkar DS, Martin SE. Complex chromosome 4, 9, and 22 rearrangement in a patient presenting with AML-FAB M2. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1997; 93:119-24. [PMID: 9078296 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to examine a patient presenting with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) FAB M2, and a complex t(4;9;22)(p14;q34;q11.2). The patient's clinical course was characterized by an aggressive leukemia, resistant to intensive therapy including allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. FISH analysis, using two chromosome painting probes and a BCR/ABL specific probe, confirmed the cytogenetic observation of a 22q11.2-->4p14 and a 4p14-->9q34 exchange, and revealed the presence of a 9q34-->22q11.2, respectively. In addition, RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of a BCR/ABL transcript derived from the major breakpoint cluster region (M-bcr) of the BCR gene. This transcript has been shown to generate an active 210 kDa tyrosine kinase protein more commonly observed in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Because the presentation of AML with this ABL-->BCR fusion product is a rare event, it would seem likely that the additional complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 4, 9, and 22 played a role in the aggressive presentation and clinical behavior of this patient's leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/analysis
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Martin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center of Delaware, Newark 19718-0001, USA
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9
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Calabrese G, Min T, Stuppia L, Powles R, Swansbury JG, Morizio E, Peila R, Donti E, Fioritoni G, Palka G. Complex chromosome translocations of standard t(8;21) and t(15;17) arise from a two-step mechanism as evidenced by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1996; 91:40-5. [PMID: 8908165 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The authors report the results of cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis performed on complex chromosome translocations (CCTs) of t(8;21) and t(15;17) standard translocations associated with two M2 subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M2) and four acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), respectively. In one of two AML-M2 patients FISH analysis showed part of chromosome 21 on the der(8) and material from this chromosome on the der(21) and on chromosome 1 at band p32, suggesting that the t(8;21) occurred as the primary step. In the second AML-M2 patient. FISH displayed part of chromosome 21 on the der(8) and material from this chromosome on the der(21) but not on the third rearranged chromosome. Therefore, it is unclear whether chromosome 2 was rearranged secondary to the standard t(8;21). In four APL patients, FISH analysis showed material derived from chromosome 17 on the der(15). Moreover, in two patients with an i(17q) FISH disclosed material from chromosome 15 at the ends of both arms of the i(17q), suggesting that it occurred after the standard t(15;17). In the remaining two APL patients, FISH showed material from chromosome 15 on the der(17) and on chromosome 21 at band q22 in one case, and material of the p arm of chromosome 17 on chromosome 4 at band q11 in the other, demonstrating that in these two cases the first mutation also had been the t(15;17). Therefore, FISH analysis revealed that CCTs in five patients were secondary changes which occurred after standard t(8;21) and t(15;17), thus clarifying the hierarchy of the cytogenetic events, their role in the pathogenesis of the disease, and the associated clinic-hematologic findings.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- G Calabrese
- Istituto di Biologia e Genetica, Università di Chieti, Italy
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10
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Mantzourani M, Stamatopoulos K, Abazis D, Kontopidou F, Viniou N, Pangalis GA, Pangalos C, Loukopoulos D. Molecular demonstration of BCR/ABL fusion in two cases with chronic myeloproliferative disorder carrying variant Philadelphia t(14;22)(q32;q11). CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1996; 91:82-7. [PMID: 8908174 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report two cases with chronic myeloproliferative disorder which were found to carry simple variant Philadelphia (Ph) t(14;22)(q32;q11) in unstimulated bone marrow mononuclear cells. Both cases were characterized molecularly by Southern blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and direct sequencing of the RT-PCR products. In the first case (female, aged 65, in blastic transformation which developed one year after the initial diagnosis of myelofibrosis), a t(14;22) (q32;q11) was found in association with several other chromosomal abnormalities [48,XX,+X,+5,del(5) (q12q32),+8,der(9)t(9;11)(q32;q11),-11]; molecular analysis demonstrated the presence of a BCR-ABL chimeric gene and mRNA transcript of the b2-a2 type. In the second case (female, aged 16, with clinical and hematologic features typical of chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase), a t(14;22) (q32;q11) was identified as the sole karyotypic abnormality; again, molecular analysis demonstrated the presence of a BCR-ABL chimeric gene and mRNA transcript, this time of the b3-a2 type. Our findings further support the notion that, even when undetectable by conventional cytogenetics, band 9q34 participates in all Ph chromosomes and leads to the formation of chimeric BCR-ABL genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mantzourani
- First Department of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece
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11
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Sessarego M, Fugazza G, Canepa L, Bacigalupo A, Bruzzone R, Patrone F. Fluorescence in situ hybridization provides evidence for two-step rearrangement in a masked Ph chromosome formation. Leuk Res 1995; 19:921-5. [PMID: 8632661 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(95)00093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patient with a masked Ph chromosome due to the translocation (9;10;22)(q34;q24;q11) is reported. Banding analysis showed a 9q+ chromosome typical of standard t(9;22)(q34;q11), and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies confirmed the involvement of a chromosome 10 in the masked Ph formation and also the presence of 3' ABL-DNA sequences in the der(22). This complex rearrangement could be explained by two consecutive translocations: the first, a standard t(9;22) (q34;q11), the second, a translocation between a chromosome 10 and the der(22) with a breakpoint in sequences derived from chromosome 9 telomeric to the ABL gene. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we studied the BCR/ABL transcript junction: a chimeric m-RNA b3-a2, indicating a breakpoint within the major breakpoint cluster region, was found.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Chromosome Fragility
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement
- Genes, abl
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Multigene Family
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sessarego
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Genova, Italy
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12
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Slovak ML, Kopecky KJ, Wolman SR, Henslee-Downey JP, Appelbaum FR, Forman SJ, Blume KG. Cytogenetic correlation with disease status and treatment outcome in advanced stage leukemia post bone marrow transplantation: a Southwest Oncology Group study (SWOG-8612). Leuk Res 1995; 19:381-8. [PMID: 7596150 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(94)00162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A retrospective cytogenetic study was performed to determine whether non-random chromosome aberrations were related to the outcome of marrow transplantation for advanced stage acute leukemia (AL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The patients were registered on SWOG-8612, a randomized comparison of busulphan and cyclophosphamide (BU/CY) to fractionated total body irradiation and etoposide (FTBI/VP16) as preparatory regimens for allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT). Blume K. G., Kopecky K. J., Henslee-Downey J. P., Forman S. J., Stiff P. J., Le Maistre C. F. & Appelbaum F. R. (1987) Blood 81, 2187. Pretreatment cytogenetic studies were available for 90 (78%) of the 115 patients who proceeded to BMT. Patients were categorized by diagnosis (ALL/AML/CML), disease status ['good' risk = second complete remission (CR2) or CML-accelerated phase (AP); 'poor' risk = third complete remission (CR3), induction failure, florid relapse or CML-blast phase (BP)] and cytogenetic status (favorable = normal cytogenetics in AL or Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) standard or variant translocation as the sole findings in CML; unfavorable = all other cytogenetic aberrations). Chromosomal aberrations observed in the unfavorable category included -7, t(9;22) in AL, t(8;21) in association with complex karyotypes, t(6;9), del(9q), t/del(11q), t(1;19), hypotetraploidy, and complex karyotypes (> 3 cytogenetic anomalies). Unfavorable cytogenetic status was significantly more frequent among patients with 'poor' risk clinical disease status (P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly poorer for patients with unfavorable cytogenetic status (P = 0.002) but not significantly related to disease status (P = 0.43). These data indicate that certain secondary chromosome aberrations [+8,i(17q), duplication of Ph] should be reclassified as relatively favorable predictors of successful BMT in CML and, therefore, be separated from the unfavorable cytogenetic aberrations characteristic of drug resistant disease [-7, inv(3), complex karyotypes]. The limited number of patients precluded definitive assessment of the prognostic significance of specific cytogenetic aberrations for any single diagnosis. Nevertheless, these findings suggest that cytogenetic status may be an important and independent factor in predicting outcome following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Retrospective Studies
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Slovak
- Department of Cytogenetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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13
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Calabrese G, Stuppia L, Franchi PG, Peila R, Morizio E, Liberati AM, Spadano A, Di Lorenzo R, Donti E, Antonucci A. Complex translocations of the Ph chromosome and Ph negative CML arise from similar mechanisms, as evidenced by FISH analysis. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1994; 78:153-9. [PMID: 7828146 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)90083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The authors report on 13 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) studied by serial karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of their bone marrow cells. Ten patients had complex translocations of the Ph chromosome while the remaining three were Ph negative. FISH analysis revealed in all 13 patients the translocation of the ABL protooncogene into chromosome 22 at band q11. Moreover, in all complex translocations but one, FISH with a chromosome 22 painting probe demonstrated on one chromosome 9 at band q34 the presence of material from chromosome 22, in addition to signals on the third chromosome involved in complex changes. Therefore, in this study complex translocations appeared as secondary changes resulting from two consecutive translocations with a total of at least four breaks. The first translocation gave rise to the standard t(9;22)(q34;q11). The second one included a break distal to the original breakpoint at band 9q34 and another one on a third chromosome. Furthermore FISH using S1 and S15 probes, mapped at band 22q11.2 or 22q12, gave evidence that in complex translocations the secondary breakpoint on der(9) was in the translocated segment 22q11-qter between bands q11 and q12. FISH analysis also disclosed the presence of material from chromosome 22 on one chromosome 9 in the three patients with Ph negative CML, demonstrating that in these cases a retranslocation between chromosomes 9q+ and 22q- had occurred. Consequently, the four-break mechanism could also be invoked for the three Ph negative CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Calabrese
- Istituti di Biologia e Genetica, Universitá di Chieti, Italy
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14
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Zaccaria A, Testoni M, Martinelli G, Pelliconi S, Buzzi M, Farbegoli P, Naldi S, Salvucci M, Tura S. Four-chromosomes complex translocations in acute promyelocytic leukemia: description of two cases. Eur J Haematol Suppl 1994; 52:129-33. [PMID: 8168591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1994.tb01302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Two cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia with variant translocation involving 4 chromosomes are described. The karyotypes were 47,XX, +8,t(13;15;17;20)(q22;q22;q12;q13) and 46,XY,t(5;15;16;17)(q22;q22;p13;q12), respectively. Variant translocations in APL apparently do not follow any preferential routes since no recurrent breakpoint additional to those of chromosomes 15 and 17 has been found in any of the cases reported in the literature and in those described here. Moreover, it seems that the translocation of the RAR alpha gene from chromosome 17 to chromosome 15 is directly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, while the reciprocal one is not, as demonstrated by variant translocations where 15q migrates to chromosomes other than 17.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zaccaria
- Centro di Genetica e Citogenetica Oncologica, Institute of Hematology, L. e A. Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Italy
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15
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Hirata J, Takatsuki H, Umemura T, Goto T, Sadamura S, Abe Y, Nishimura J, Sato H, Nawata H. Recurrent appearance of 14q+ chromosome associated with lymphoid crisis of Ph-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1993; 66:103-7. [PMID: 8500095 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(93)90236-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The 14q+ chromosomal anomaly commonly found in cases of lymphoid neoplasm recurrently occurred during the lymphoid crisis of a patient with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). At presentation lymphoblasts, with pre-B phenotype increased, and both the Ph and 14q+ were found in the same metaphases. After treatment with vincristine and prednisolone, the patient entered into the chronic phase, and only a Ph was detected in 100% of the cells examined. The 14q+ reappeared at the recurrence of the lymphoid crisis, and then disappeared in the second chronic phase. The BCR/ABL mRNA, which is specific for CML, was detected in the blastic cells by a method using reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction. The rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (JH gene) was also detected in the blastic cells. These results suggest that the 14q+ was closely associated with the lymphoid crisis of the CML patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hirata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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16
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Calabrese G, Palka G, Westbrook CA, Sheer D. Complex translocation involving Ph chromosome in a patient with typical chronic myelogenous leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1992; 63:52-5. [PMID: 1423227 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(92)90064-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a cytogenetic study of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) who, while displaying a Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, resulting from a standard t(9;22) at diagnosis, during the chronic phase (CP) showed disappearance of the Ph and occurrence of new chromosome changes, including a marker probably arising from a translocation involving chromosome 17 and the Ph. In situ hybridization confirmed the cytogenetic appearance and demonstrated that the breakpoint on the Ph marker occurred below the BCR-ABL fusion gene.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Middle Aged
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- G Calabrese
- Institute of Biology and Genetics, University of Chieti, Italy
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17
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Zaccaria A, Testoni N, Tassinari A, Celso B, Emanuel BS, Budarf M, Saglio G, Guerrasio A, Barletta C, Peschle C. Molecular and cytogenetic studies of a patient with Philadelphia-negative, BCR-positive chronic myeloid leukemia and t(12;12)(q13;p12). Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1990; 1:284-8. [PMID: 2278960 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870010405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A patient with Philadelphia (Ph1)-negative, breakpoint cluster region (bcr)-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is reported. Pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis demonstrated the comigration of both ABL and BCR sequences on the same BssHII and SacII fragment. Moreover, in situ hybridization studies demonstrated that ABL sequences had been moved from band 9q34 to 22q11 and that the additional t(12;12)(q13;p12) was not involved in the ABUBCR related translocation. Nevertheless, a possible role of oncogenes or regulatory sequences activated or inhibited by the additional translocation cannot be excluded.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Blotting, Southern
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Agar Gel/methods
- Female
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zaccaria
- Centro di Genetica e Citogenetica Oncologica, Istituto di Ematologia, L. e A. Seràgnoli, Università di Bologna, Italy
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