1
|
Manda-Mapalo M, Khalili P, Quintana D, Rabinowitz I, Zhang Q. Chronic myelogenous leukemia with acquired t(11;14)(q13;q32) CCND1-IGH: A case report and literature review. Cancer Genet 2016; 209:481-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
2
|
Huber J, Rainho CA, Gomes MV, Santos SA, Ramos ES. Velocardiofacial syndrome with a rare t(2;22). Clin Dysmorphol 2007; 16:181-183. [PMID: 17551333 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0b013e3280fa81de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rearrangements involving chromosomes 2 and 22 were described not only as acquired abnormalities in a variety of human neoplasias but also in the constitutional karyotype suggesting the existence of a greater fragility in some specific regions in these chromosomes. Patients with DiGeorge and Velocardiofacial syndromes have a deletion on 22q11 leading to haploinsufficiency for one or more gene(s). We report a patient with velocardiofacial syndrome in which cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed a rare t(2;22) and deletion in the 22q11 region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jair Huber
- Departments of Genetics Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo State, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karrman K, Sallerfors B, Lenhoff S, Fioretos T, Johansson B. Cytogenetic evolution patterns in CML post-SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 39:165-71. [PMID: 17211433 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cytogenetic evolution patterns in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after allogeneic (allo) stem cell transplantation (SCT) are different from the ones observed in non-transplanted patients, a phenomenon suggested to be caused by the conditioning regime. We reviewed 131 CMLs displaying karyotypic evolution after SCT (122 allo, nine autologous (auto)), treated at Lund University Hospital or reported in the literature. Major route abnormalities (i.e., +8, +Ph, i(17q), +19, +21, +17 and -7) were seen in 14%, balanced aberrations in 61%, hyperdiploidy in 19%, pseudodiploidy in 79%, divergent clones in 14%, and Ph-negative clones in 21%. The breakpoints involved in secondary structural rearrangements clustered at 1q21, 1q32, 7q22, 9q34, 11q13, 11q23, 12q24, 13q14, 17q10 and 22q11. Cytogenetic abnormalities common in AML after genotoxic exposure, that is, der(1;7)(q10;p10), del(3p), -5, del(5q), -7, -17, der(17p), -18, and -21, were only rarely seen post-SCT. Comparing the cytogenetic features in relation to type of SCT revealed that balanced aberrations were significantly more common after allo than after auto SCT (64 and 22%, respectively, P=0.03). In addition, there was a trend as regards hyperdiploidy being more common after auto (P=0.07) and pseudodiploidy being more frequent after allo SCT (P=0.09). Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Karrman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Blood eosinophilia signifies either a cytokine-mediated reactive phenomenon (secondary) or an integral phenotype of an underlying haematological neoplasm (primary). Secondary eosinophilia is usually associated with parasitosis in Third World countries and allergic conditions in the West. Primary eosinophilia is operationally classified as being clonal or idiopathic, depending on the respective presence or absence of a molecular, cytogenetic or histological evidence for a myeloid malignancy. The current communication features a comprehensive clinical summary of both secondary and primary eosinophilic disorders with emphasis on recent developments in molecular pathogenesis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayalew Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gotlib J. Molecular classification and pathogenesis of eosinophilic disorders: 2005 update. Acta Haematol 2005; 114:7-25. [PMID: 15995322 DOI: 10.1159/000085559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Use of the term "idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES)" has highlighted our basic lack of understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of eosinophilic disorders. However, over the last 10 years, the study of hypereosinophilia has enjoyed a revival. This interest has been rekindled by two factors: (1) the development of increasingly sophisticated molecular biology techniques that have unmasked recurrent genetic abnormalities linked to eosinophilia, and (2) the successful application of targeted therapy with agents such as imatinib to treat eosinophilic diseases. To date, most of these recurrent molecular abnormalities have resulted in constitutively activated fusion tyrosine kinases whose phenotypic consequence is an eosinophilia-associated myeloid disorder. Most notable among these are rearrangements of platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta (PDGFRalpha, PDGFRbeta), which define a small subset of patients with eosinophilic chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) and/or overlap myelodysplastic syndrome/MPD syndromes, including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Discovery of the cryptic FIP1L1-PDGFRA gene fusion in cytogenetically normal patients with systemic mast cell disease with eosinophilia or idiopathic HES has redefined these diseases as clonal eosinophilias. A growing list of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 fusion partners has similarly emerged in the 8p11 myeloproliferative syndromes, which are often characterized by elevated eosinophil counts. Herein the focus is on the molecular gains made in these MPD-type eosinophilias, and the classification and clinicopathological issues related to hypereosinophilic syndromes, including the lymphocyte variant. Success in establishing the molecular basis of a group of once seemingly heterogeneous diseases has now the laid the foundation for establishing a semi-molecular classification scheme of eosinophilic disorders.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/classification
- Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/genetics
- Hypereosinophilic Syndrome/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/classification
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/pathology
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/classification
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/genetics
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/pathology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/classification
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Center, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Rm. 2327B, Stanford, CA 94305-5821, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zagaria A, Anelli L, Albano F, Storlazzi CT, Liso A, Roberti MG, Buquicchio C, Liso V, Rocchi M, Specchia G. A fluorescence in situ hybridization study of complex t(9;22) in two chronic myelocytic leukemia cases with a masked Philadelphia chromosome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 150:81-5. [PMID: 15041230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2003] [Accepted: 08/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The t(9;22)(q34;q11) is evident in more than 90% of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and gives rise to the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). Approximately 5%-10% of CML patients show variant translocations involving other chromosomes in addition to chromosomes 9 and 22. In some variant translocations, additional material is transferred on der(22), resulting in a masked Ph chromosome. In this paper, we report two apparently Ph-negative (Ph-) CML cases showing a t(7;9;22)(q22;q34;q11) and a t(8;9;22)(q12;q34;q11), respectively. A detailed molecular cytogenetic characterization was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which disclosed the presence of the 5'BCR/3'ABL fusion gene on the der(7) and der(8) chromosomes, respectively. Derivative (22) appeared as a masked Ph chromosome in both cases. FISH analysis with appropriate BAC/PAC clones allowed us to precisely characterize the complex chromosomal rearrangements that were not detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Zagaria
- Department of Hematology, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reid AG, Swanton S, Grace C, Campbell LJ, Green AR, Nacheva EP. Double Philadelphia masquerading as chromosome 20q deletion - a new recurrent abnormality in chronic myeloid leukaemia blast crisis. Br J Haematol 2003; 123:442-8. [PMID: 14617003 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The most common abnormality of chromosome 20 in haematological malignancy is deletion of the long arm [del(20q)]. These interstitial deletions are variable in size and are seen in both premalignant haematological conditions and acute myeloid neoplasia. A commonly deleted region (CDR), mapped within the 20q11.2/q13.1 segment with an estimated size of 1.7 Mbp, is considered to present a primary genetic lesion marking a gene(s), the loss of which is responsible for the pathogenesis of these haematological disorders. While a small number of recurrent translocations involving chromosome 20 have also been reported, no recurrent aberration of this chromosome has been associated with myeloid disease progression. We present nine cases of Philadelphia (Ph)-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in which deletions of chromosome 20 were also detected by conventional karyotyping. In six cases, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping confirmed a del(20q) which corresponded to the myeloid CDR. In the remaining three cases however, the presumed del(20q) marker was shown to be the result of an unbalanced translocation between band 20p11 and a second copy of the Ph chromosome. This new abnormality, termed dic(20;Ph) for short, was identical to a del(20)q by G-banding, and combined duplication of the breakpoint cluster region and Abelson murine leukaemia viral oncogene homologue (BCR-ABL) fusion with loss of the 20p11-pter segment. In all three cases, the dic(20;Ph) was associated with disease progression and therefore represents a new recurrent abnormality in CML blast crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair G Reid
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Bain
- Department of Haematology, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Cross NCP, Reiter A. Tyrosine kinase fusion genes in chronic myeloproliferative diseases. Leukemia 2002; 16:1207-12. [PMID: 12094244 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2002] [Accepted: 02/14/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With the exception of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPDs) are a heterogeneous spectrum of conditions for which the molecular pathogenesis is not well understood. Most cases have a normal or aneuploid karyotype, but a minority present with a reciprocal translocation that disrupts specific tyrosine kinase genes, most commonly PDGFRB or FGFR1. These translocations result in the production of constitutively active tyrosine kinase fusion proteins that deregulate hemopoiesis in a manner analogous to BCR-ABL. With the advent of targeted signal transduction therapy, an accurate clinical and molecular diagnosis of CMPDs has become increasingly important. Currently, patients with PDGFRB or ABL fusion genes are candidates for treatment with Imatinib (STI571), but it is likely that alternative strategies will be necessary for the treatment of most other patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N C P Cross
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The standard Philadelphia (Ph) translocation t(9;22), its variants and a proportion of Ph-negative cases are positive for the BCR-ABL fusion gene, as determined by molecular analysis. Extensive deletions of chromosome 9 and 22 derived sequences around the translocation breakpoints on the derivative 9 are seen in 10-30% of patients at diagnosis and may confer a worse prognosis. Additional cytogenetic changes can occur in the few months before or during disease progression and are often specific for blast morphology; however, the molecular basis of the most common additional cytogenetic abnormalities is largely unknown. Cytogenetics is important for monitoring patient response to treatment but is increasingly being replaced by the more sensitive and less invasive techniques of RT-PCR and FISH.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Disease Progression
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Prognosis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Chase
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, Wilts SP2 8BJ, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oudat R, Khan Z, Glassman AB. A unique, complex variant philadelphia chromosome translocation in a patient with typical chronic myelogenous leukemia. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2001; 125:437-9. [PMID: 11231500 DOI: 10.5858/2001-125-0437-aucvpc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome [der(22) t(9;22)(q34;q11)] is the characteristic chromosomal abnormality found in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). This chromosome has been reported in patients with other chromosomal abnormalities. In this study, we describe a patient with hematologically typical chronic-phase CML with an unusual and complex translocation involving chromosomes 9, 11, and 22. These complex translocations were identified by G-banded conventional cytogenetics and confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using whole chromosome painting probes (wcp). To the best of our knowledge, these are unique translocations involving the short and the long arms of chromosome 9 in 4 different translocations with the short arm of chromosome 11 and the long arm of chromosome 22.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Chromosome Painting
- Humans
- Hydroxyurea/therapeutic use
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Oudat
- Department of Cytogenetics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Edelhäuser M, Raber W, Mitterbauer G, Mannhalter C, Lechner K, Fonatsch C. Variant intra philadelphia translocation with rearrangement of BCR-ABL and ABL-BCR within the same chromosome in a patient with cALL. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2000; 122:83-6. [PMID: 11106816 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A unique variant Philadelphia translocation accompanied by the loss of the short arm of chromosome 9 in a 32-year-old female with common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) is described. Furthermore, supernumerary chromosome 8 material was found as an insertion into the long arm of chromosome 2 and/or as ring chromosomes in addition to two normal chromosomes 8. The chromosomal abnormalities were identified by combined conventional chromosome banding analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The BCR-ABL rearrangement was confirmed by FISH and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies. Possible mechanisms leading to this variant intra Philadelphia translocation are discussed. The aberrations found have prognostic implications, because 9p anomalies confer an adverse effect to the already poor prognosis of Philadelphia-positive ALL.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Edelhäuser
- Institut für Medizinische Biologie der Universität Wien, Währinger Strasse 10, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roland B, Blahey WB. A case of near-triploidy in chronic myelogenous leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2000; 121:96-8. [PMID: 10958950 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A 61-year-old woman with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in accelerated phase had a near-triploid bone-marrow karyotype. This karyotype is an unusual finding in CML, as we review 12 previously published similar cases. These patients do not differ clinically from other patients with CML in blast crisis. The cytogenetic features of near-diploid and near-triploid CML are similar, except that relative loss of chromosomes is more common and that isochromosome 17q has not been reported in near-triploid CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Roland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Johansson B, Brøndum-Nielsen K, Billström R, Schiødt I, Mitelman F. Translocations between the long arms of chromosomes 1 and 5 in hematologic malignancies are strongly associated with neoplasms of the myeloid lineages. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1997; 99:97-101. [PMID: 9398862 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The clinical, morphologic, and cytogenetic features of two hematologic malignancies--one acute myeloid leukemia with minimal differentiation (AML-MO) and one therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)--with unbalanced translocations between 1q and 5q are reported. The translocations resulted in loss of 5q material in both cases and gain of 1q in the MDS. A compilation of previously published hematologic malignancies with translocations involving the long arms of chromosomes 1 and 5 revealed a total of 23 cases--11 with unbalanced and 12 with balanced t(1;5)--with the following morphologies: 11 AML, three MDS, two Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemias, three chronic myeloproliferative disorders, three acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and one chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Four patients had received chemotherapy including alkylating agents for a previous malignancy and one had been exposed to thorotrast. Among the 14 patients for whom survival data exist, all except three have died. The t(1;5) was found as the sole abnormality in six cases, whereas it was apparently secondary--occurring in a subclone or together with the well-known primary abnormalities t(8;21), t(9;22), and t(15;17)--in nine cases. The breakpoints in 1q varied from 1q11 to 1q43, with a clustering to 1q21-23, and the 5q breaks occurred in 5q11 to 5q35, mainly in the distal 5q3 region. The unbalanced 1;5 translocations resulted in gain of 1q material in eight of the 11 cases, 1q21-1qter being duplicated in four of them, and in loss of 5q, most often the 5q3 region, in 10 of the neoplasms. We conclude that translocations between 1q and 5q, although cytogenetically heterogeneous, are associated with hematologic malignancies of the myeloid lineages and with previous mutagenic exposure, and that t(1;5) seems to confer a poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Johansson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
An increase in the blood eosinophil count may occur in a number of disease states including allergies, parasitic infections, vascular disease and as a reaction to the presence of malignant tumours. This article defines those disorders that are not purely reactive, and describes in detail the diagnosis and features of clonal eosinophilic disorders and the hypereosinophilic syndrome. The clonal disorders that are associated with eosinophilia are discussed, in particular the acute and chronic eosinophilic leukaemias and clonal eosinophilias in association with acute myeloid leukaemia, myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes. Whether eosinophilia is produced by a clonal or reactive disorder, the end result can often be the same, i.e. end organ damage produced by sustained hypereosinophilia in the presence of eosinophil activation. When no cause for the eosinophilia leading to the end organ damage is found, this disease is termed 'idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome'. Its pathogenesis, clinical features and management are discussed with particular reference to the possibility of it being a T-cell-associated disorder.
Collapse
|
17
|
O'Brien S, Thall PF, Siciliano MJ. Cytogenetics of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY 1997; 10:259-76. [PMID: 9376663 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3536(97)80006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is present in the leukaemic cells of most patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Variant translocations occur in 10% of patients but breakpoints on chromosomes 9 and 22 remain the same, so prognosis of these patients is unchanged. Clonal evolution is infrequent in chronic phase and its significance depends on the specific chromosome involved, the number of metaphases affected and the timing in the chronic phase. The majority of patients in blastic phase demonstrate clonal evolution; three specific abnormalities (+Ph, +8 and isochromosome 17q) are present in 70% of patients. Loss of the Ph chromosome on therapy is associated with prolonged survival. For monitoring these events conventional G-band cytogenetics (CG) is essential at presentation to characterize the Disease cytogenetically, while fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on hypermetaphase preparations (hypermetaphase FISH (HMF)) is important for establishing the specific frequency of Ph+ cells. During treatment FISH on interphase cells (I-FISH) can monitor the level of Ph+ cells in circulation, while CG may be used to identify any suspected clonal evolution. Where I-FISH is negative, HMF is essential to evaluate minimal residual disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S O'Brien
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer, Center, Houston 77030, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fitzgerald PH, Morris CM. A greater incidence of complex translocations in myeloid leukemias than in lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias associated with IGH rearrangement. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1996; 86:8-12. [PMID: 8616794 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(95)00159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that the incidence of complex translocations is approximately the same in chronic myeloid leukemia, characterized by the t(9;22)(q34;q11), and in acute myeloid leukemias, characterized by the t(15;17)(q22;q11) or t(8;21)(q22;q22). This incidence is almost threefold greater than the incidence of complex translocations in lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias characterized by the t(8;14)(q24;q32) or t(14;18)(q32;q21). The genomic recombination, which gives rise to the translocations in lymphoid cells, results mostly from errors of IGH gene rearrangement. Genomic recombination underlying myeloid leukemias has a different cause, and a clue to this may lie in the greater incidence of complex chromosome rearrangements.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Lymphoma/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P H Fitzgerald
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Oncology Group, Christchurch School of Medicine, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Magdalinski A, Drwinga H, Crilley P, Lasota J, Brodsky I, Croce CM, Nowell PC, Marks DI. Translocation 11;14 in newly diagnosed chronic myelogenous leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1995; 81:24-7. [PMID: 7773955 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)00191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), the Philadelphia chromosome may be associated with a number of other cytogenetic lesions. However, t(11;14)(q13;q32), found mainly in B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, has not been previously reported in Ph-positive CML. We describe a patient with hematologically typical chronic phase CML in whom both cytogenetic lesions were found at diagnosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Male
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Magdalinski
- Department of Neoplastic Diseases, Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Calabrese G, Stuppia L, Franchi PG, Peila R, Morizio E, Liberati AM, Spadano A, Di Lorenzo R, Donti E, Antonucci A. Complex translocations of the Ph chromosome and Ph negative CML arise from similar mechanisms, as evidenced by FISH analysis. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1994; 78:153-9. [PMID: 7828146 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)90083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The authors report on 13 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) studied by serial karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of their bone marrow cells. Ten patients had complex translocations of the Ph chromosome while the remaining three were Ph negative. FISH analysis revealed in all 13 patients the translocation of the ABL protooncogene into chromosome 22 at band q11. Moreover, in all complex translocations but one, FISH with a chromosome 22 painting probe demonstrated on one chromosome 9 at band q34 the presence of material from chromosome 22, in addition to signals on the third chromosome involved in complex changes. Therefore, in this study complex translocations appeared as secondary changes resulting from two consecutive translocations with a total of at least four breaks. The first translocation gave rise to the standard t(9;22)(q34;q11). The second one included a break distal to the original breakpoint at band 9q34 and another one on a third chromosome. Furthermore FISH using S1 and S15 probes, mapped at band 22q11.2 or 22q12, gave evidence that in complex translocations the secondary breakpoint on der(9) was in the translocated segment 22q11-qter between bands q11 and q12. FISH analysis also disclosed the presence of material from chromosome 22 on one chromosome 9 in the three patients with Ph negative CML, demonstrating that in these cases a retranslocation between chromosomes 9q+ and 22q- had occurred. Consequently, the four-break mechanism could also be invoked for the three Ph negative CML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Calabrese
- Istituti di Biologia e Genetica, Universitá di Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xue Y, Zhang R, Guo Y, Gu J, Lin B. Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura with a Philadelphia chromosome. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1993; 69:51-6. [PMID: 8374901 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(93)90113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A 30-year-old Chinese man with acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura (AATP) and a Ph chromosome is reported. At presentation, he had severe thrombocytopenia resulting in epistaxis, gingival bleeding, and ecchymoses, while other hematologic values were within the normal range. Bone marrow aspiration showed no megakaryocytes, with a normal appearance of erythroblastic and granulopoietic series. He failed to respond to prednisone treatment, and underwent a progress from isolated thrombocytopenia to full pancytopenia. At last he died of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. An in vitro culture for granulocyte-macrophage precursors showed very few colonies. Karyotypic analysis revealed a standard Ph chromosome translocation, t(9;22)(q34;q11), in the majority of bone marrow cells. Southern blot analysis using a 3' bcr-HE probe didn't detect a rearrangement within the bcr DNA sequence. This patient, in fact, was a myelodysplastic disorder, initially presenting as AATP. The diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia was excluded on the basis of clinical and hematologic findings. The heterogeneity of Ph chromosome in myelodysplastic syndrome is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Xue
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou Medical College, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hirata J, Umemura T, Nishimura J, Sadamura S, Sato H, Nawata H. Double t(1;7)(p36;p11) in a megakaryocytic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia with variant t(5;9;22). CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1993; 65:107-10. [PMID: 8453594 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(93)90216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A 56-year-old man with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) who presented with a variant Ph chromosome, t(5;9;22)(q13;q34;q11), developed a unique additional chromosomal change of a double reciprocal t(1;7)(p36;p11) during the accelerated phase. A minor clone that had two copies of 1p+ and a copy of 7p- with a normal chromosome 7 was observed simultaneously. The patient underwent a megakaryocytic crisis. Surface marker of the blasts was positive for CD13, CD33, HLA-DR, CD41a, and CD42b, and negative for CD14 and lymphoid markers. Sequential chromosome analysis suggests that the double t(1;7) was caused by a multistep event consisting of duplication of both derivative chromosomes accompanied by loss of normal chromosomes 1 and 7. This may be the first report of a double reciprocal chromosomal translocation in a hematopoietic neoplasm.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Genes, abl
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hirata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carrasco Juan JL, Otero Gómez A, García Miranda JL, Trujillo González M, Herrera Fernández M, Bello Hernández T. Deletion (7)(p11p15) in a patient with Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1992; 64:142-4. [PMID: 1486563 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(92)90344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with a Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. During the transformation phase of the disease, a del(7)(p11p15) and a +Ph were identified as additional chromosomal anomalies. We believe that loss of the segment 7p11-->p15 may play an important role in the progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Carrasco Juan
- Cytogenetics Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nowell PC, Kant JA, Finan JB, Cassileth PA, Hanson CA. Marrow fibrosis associated with a Philadelphia chromosome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992; 59:89-92. [PMID: 1372840 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(92)90167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Three patients had marked marrow fibrosis and an apparent Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. Hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular studies demonstrated the heterogeneity of such cases, including the first example of clinically typical myelofibrosis (MF) associated with a bcr gene rearrangement characteristic of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P C Nowell
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6082
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen Z, Morgan R, Sandberg AA, Scheerer PP. Ph + CML with 7q- and prolonged chronic phase. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1992; 58:212-3. [PMID: 1551094 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(92)90119-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
26
|
Panani AD, Ferti A, Antonopoulos M, Raptis S. Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelocytic leukemia with a complex translocation, t(4;9;22)(q31;q34;q11) and long survival. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1991; 57:139-41. [PMID: 1756481 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(91)90200-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chromosome Aberrations/pathology
- Chromosome Disorders
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Prognosis
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
|
27
|
Werner M, Kaloutsi V, Buhr T, Delventhal S, Vykoupil KF, Georgii A. Cytogenetics of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) correlated to the histopathology of bone marrow biopsies. Ann Hematol 1991; 63:201-5. [PMID: 1932298 DOI: 10.1007/bf01703443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic findings were correlated to histopathological bone marrow findings evaluated simultaneously in 103 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). CML was subtyped histologically according to the number of megakaryocytes and increase of fibers or blasts within the bone marrow. The Philadelphia chromosome (Ph 1) was found in 88.3% of all patients (91/103). Chromosome aberrations additional to the Ph 1-chromosome were noticed in 20 of 91 (22%) cases. The additional karyotype changes occurred significantly more frequently among patients with increase of fibers in the bone marrow compared with patients without increase of fibers or blasts (p less than 0.05). Karyotype changes associated with increase of fibers in Ph 1-positive cases of CML were trisomy 8 and 19, +Ph1, t (1; 11), and i (17q). Ph 1-positive CML patients with additional karyotype changes had a significantly shorter survival (p less than 0.04) than Ph 1-positive patients without additional chromosome aberrations. Our results suggest that histopathological examination of the bone marrow should be considered in the evaluation of cytogenetic markers in chronic myeloproliferative disorders.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Bone Marrow/ultrastructure
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Female
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Megakaryocytes
- Middle Aged
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Primary Myelofibrosis/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Werner
- Pathologisches Institut, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fitzgerald PH. Complex Ph translocations in chronic myeloid leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1991; 55:129-31. [PMID: 1913600 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(91)90248-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
29
|
Horst HA, Schmitz N, Glinike C, Löffler H, Laufs R. Seroconversion for hepatitis C virus antibody in bone marrow recipients treated with immune globulin. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:132-3. [PMID: 1646961 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199107113250214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|