1
|
Łysiak M, Smits A, Roodakker KR, Sandberg E, Dimberg A, Mudaisi M, Bratthäll C, Strandeus M, Milos P, Hallbeck M, Söderkvist P, Malmström A. Deletions on Chromosome Y and Downregulation of the SRY Gene in Tumor Tissue Are Associated with Worse Survival of Glioblastoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071619. [PMID: 33807423 PMCID: PMC8036637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological causes of sex disparity seen in the prevalence of cancer, including glioblastoma (GBM), remain poorly understood. One of the considered aspects is the involvement of the sex chromosomes, especially loss of chromosome Y (LOY). METHODS Tumors from 105 isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild type male GBM patients were tested with droplet digital PCR for copy number changes of ten genes on chromosome Y. Decreased gene expression, a proxy of gene loss, was then analyzed in 225 IDH wild type GBM derived from TCGA and overall survival in both cohorts was tested with Kaplan-Meier log-rank analysis and maximally selected rank statistics for cut-off determination. RESULTS LOY was associated with significantly shorter overall survival (7 vs. 14.6 months, p = 0.0016), and among investigated individual genes survival correlated most prominently with loss of the sex-determining region Y gene (SRY) (10.8 vs. 14.8 months, p = 0.0031). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and MYC proto-oncogene signaling pathways are associated with low SRY expression. CONCLUSION Our data show that deletions and reduced gene expression of chromosome Y genes, especially SRY, are associated with reduced survival of male GBM patients and connected to major susceptibility pathways of gliomagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Łysiak
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.Ł.); (P.S.)
| | - Anja Smits
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.R.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Kenney Roy Roodakker
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.R.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Elisabeth Sandberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.R.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Munila Mudaisi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Department of Oncology in Linköping, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Peter Milos
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery in Linköping, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Hallbeck
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Söderkvist
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.Ł.); (P.S.)
| | - Annika Malmström
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; (M.M.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Department of Advanced Home Care, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brassesco MS, Valera ET, Neder L, Castro-Gamero AM, Arruda D, Machado HR, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Tone LG. Polyploidy in atypical grade II choroid plexus papilloma of the posterior fossa. Neuropathology 2009; 29:293-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2008.00949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
3
|
Narita M, Nomura J, Nakase M, Inui M, Murata T, Hamaguchi Y, Tagawa T. Characterization of the human mandibular osteoblastic osteosarcoma cell line HOSM-2 after long-term culture. Oral Oncol 2004; 40:742-50. [PMID: 15172645 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/12/2004] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have been subculturing a human mandible-derived osteosarcoma cell line (HOSM-2) for approximately 15 years, and have compared the characters of early generations, which did not exhibit tumorigenicity, to those in the later generations. The shape and doubling time of the cells did not change during long-term culture. The number of chromosomes, however, changed from 59-81 in the 6th generation (modal number: 70) to 54-59 (modal number: 56 and 57), and the chromosomal structure also changed. In addition, the cell line in the later generations showed tumorigenicity in nude mice, and Codon 306 of the p53 gene was mutated to a stop codon due to a point mutation. HOSM-2 cells expressed osteoblast markers, thus confirming them to be osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells. These results showed that changes in certain genes in the HOSM-2 cells led to tumorigenicity in nude mice following long-term culture. In addition, as a mandible-derived cell line with characteristics different from those of limb-derived osteosarcoma cell lines, HOSM-2 cells may be a valuable model for mandibular osteosarcoma and osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoshi Narita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amalfitano G, Chatel M, Paquis P, Michiels JF. Fluorescence in situ hybridization study of aneuploidy of chromosomes 7, 10, X, and Y in primary and secondary glioblastomas. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2000; 116:6-9. [PMID: 10616524 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aneuploidy of autosomes 7, 10, and sex chromosomes (X and Y) was analyzed in a series of 44 primary (de novo) and 20 secondary glioblastomas using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on smear preparations of glioma tissue. The tumors were screened for trisomy 7, monosomy 10, as well as loss of the Y chromosome and disomy of the X chromosome in male subjects, and monosomy of the X chromosome in female subjects. We found that taken alone or in combination, these chromosomal abnormalities do not appear to be characteristic of a glioblastoma subtype; therefore, they do not allow the differentiation between primary and secondary glioblastomas. Also, the loss of a chromosome 10 appears to be an earlier event than a gain of a chromosome 7 for the genesis of a secondary glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Amalfitano
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rochet N, Dubousset J, Mazeau C, Zanghellini E, Farges MF, de Novion HS, Chompret A, Delpech B, Cattan N, Frenay M, Gioanni J. Establishment, characterisation and partial cytokine expression profile of a new human osteosarcoma cell line (CAL 72). Int J Cancer 1999; 82:282-5. [PMID: 10389764 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990719)82:2<282::aid-ijc20>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Permanent human osteosarcoma cell lines are important tools for the study of bone cancer. As representative of an osteoblastic phenotype, they partly reflect their normal osteoblastic counterparts and, thus, may represent appropriate models to investigate the mechanisms involved in bone remodelling and in haematopoietic differentiation. In the present work, we describe a new human cell line, CAL 72, obtained from an osteosarcoma of the knee of a 10-year-old boy. These cells grow in continuous culture, and karyotypic analysis has revealed clonal abnormalities in number and structure, especially loss of chromosome Y. These cells exhibit morphological, immuno-histochemical and molecular characteristics of the osteoblastic lineage. Using RT-PCR, we have shown that the CAL 72 cell line expresses high levels of mRNA coding for several cytokines, such as G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-1beta and IL-6. In view of this expression profile, the CAL 72 phenotype appears to be closer to normal primary osteoblasts than other reported osteosarcomas. Moreover, these cells express mRNA for both HGF and its receptor c-MET, suggesting that this autocrine loop might contribute to the invasiveness of the tumour from which CAL 72 originated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Rochet
- INSERM U364, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rainho CA, Barbieri Neto J, Moraes LCD, Rogatto SR. Clonal chromosome abnormalites found in three non-neoplastic proliferative brain lesions. Genet Mol Biol 1999. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47571999000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome analysis was made of brain lesions from three patients which, according to classical histopathological criteria, did not contain tumor cells. In addition to normal cells, we identified abnormal karyotypes with clonal numerical and structural chromosome alterations in at least two independently originated primary cultures from each lesion. Our data suggest that chromosomal aberrations can exist in vivo in non-neoplastic lesions. Other abnormalities may be due to genetic instability manifested only in vitro (culture artifacts) or may already have been present in brain tissue, reflecting previous chromosome damage (as a result of exposure to chemical treatment or enviromental clastogens).
Collapse
|
7
|
Patel A, van Meyel DJ, Mohapatra G, Bollen A, Wrensch M, Cairncross JG, Feuerstein BG. Gliomas in families: chromosomal analysis by comparative genomic hybridization. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1998; 100:77-83. [PMID: 9406586 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas that aggregate in otherwise unremarkable families may have a heritable genetic basis. To determine the spectrum of genetic alterations in glioma-susceptible families, we examined tumor DNA from familial cases for regions of chromosomal gain or loss using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). We compared chromosomal alterations within and among glioma families to those found in sporadic gliomas. A specific chromosomal abnormality common to the tumors of multiple unrelated probands with glioma or a specific chromosomal abnormality common to multiple affected persons in a single glioma-prone family would support the hypothesis of an inherited predisposition to glioma and at the same time identify specific regions of the genome harboring putative glioma susceptibility genes. Tumor DNA from 11 patients from seven families with two or more individuals with glioma was analyzed, including three members of a remarkable family having 10 affected individuals. We found no chromosomal abnormality common to all tumors of all probands nor did we find family-specific abnormalities in two of three glioma-prone kindreds. There were frequent copy number aberrations (CNAs) on chromosomes 7, 10, 19, and the sex chromosomes; other CNAs included +3q(13.3-29), -4q, +5q, -9q34, +12, -13q(21-->33), -15, -16p, +17qter, -18, -21, and -22. Amplifications occurred at +2 7p(11.1-->12), +2 7q(21.2-->33), +2 12q(13.2-->14), and +2 12p(11-->12). Although there were several novel CNAs [-16p, and +2 12p(11-p12)], none could readily explain the inheritance of these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Patel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0808, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
In malignant gliomas, the characteristically heterogeneous features and frequent diffuse spread within the brain have raised the question of whether malignant gliomas arise monoclonally from a single precursor cell or polyclonally from multiple transformed cells forming confluent clones. Although monoclonality has been shown in surgically resected tissues, these may not include the full spectrum of patterns seen on autopsy material. Little is known about the clonality of low-grade gliomas from which malignant gliomas may sometimes arise. We sought to investigate the clonality of low-grade and malignant gliomas by using and comparing surgical and autopsy material with a Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay for nonrandom X chromosome inactivation. For that, purpose, archival surgical and autopsy material from 15 female patients (group A) (age 4 to 73 years; median, 45) with malignant gliomas (12 glioblastomas, one gliosarcoma, one anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, one gliomatosis cerebri), surgical material only from 21 female patients (group S) (age 6 to 78 years; median, 60) with low-grade and malignant gliomas (four low-grade astrocytomas, three oligoastrocytomas, two anaplastic astrocytomas, one gemistocytic astrocytoma, four oligodendrogliomas, seven glioblastomas) were analyzed. In group A, representative areas (mean = 5/patient; median = 7) were microdissected from tissue sections and assayed by PCR amplification of a highly polymorphic microsatellite marker locus of the human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA) in the presence of alpha32P with and without predigestion with a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme (HhaI). Products were resolved by denaturing gel electrophoresis and autoradiographed. In group S, selected tumor areas were used for the assay. Each patient's normal brain tissue was used for control. The band intensity of alleles were measured by densitometric scanning. In group A, 13 of 15 cases were informative (heterozygous). The same pattern of nonrandom X chromosome inactivation was present in all areas of solid dense and moderate tumor infiltration in eight including all components of the gliosarcoma. Two of eight also showed focal loss of heterozygosity (LOH). One of 13 presented global LOH. Two of 13 showed microsatellite instability, one of which in a patient with Turcot syndrome, the other in gliomatosis cerebri. Opposite skewing patterns were seen in distant areas of gliomatosis cerebri consistent with oligoclonal derivation. Clonality remained indeterminate in one glioblastoma and in the anaplastic oligoastrocytoma because of skewed lyonization in the normal control. In group S, 19 of 21 cases were informative. Fifteen of 19 were monoclonal (four low-grade astrocytomas, one anaplastic astrocytoma, one gemistocytic astrocytoma, two oligodendrogliomas, one oligoastrocytoma, six glioblastomas). Four of 19 were indeterminate. We conclude that (1) Low-grade and malignant gliomas are usually monoclonal tumors, and extensively infiltrating tumors must result from migration of tumor cells (2) Gliomatosis cerebri may initiate as an oligoclonal process or result from collision gliomas (3) Biphasic gliomas likely arise from a single precursor cell. (4) LOH at the HUMARA locus is probably related to partial or complete deletion of an X-chromosome, which occurs in malignant gliomas during clonal evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Kattar
- Department of Pathology, Harper Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bigner SH, McLendon RE, Fuchs H, McKeever PE, Friedman HS. Chromosomal characteristics of childhood brain tumors. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1997; 97:125-34. [PMID: 9283596 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present cytogenetic analysis of 116 pediatric brain tumors, chromosomal abnormalities were demonstrated in 44 cases, 48 cases revealed only 46,XX or 46,XY cells, and 24 cases were nonproductive. In contrast to studies of adult brain tumors in which isolated loss of one X or the Y chromosome is often encountered, 45,X,-X and 45,X-Y stemlines or sidelines were not observed in this series of childhood tumors. Among the 17 medulloblastomas with cytogenetic abnormalities, chromosome 1 was most frequently affected by structural deviations; the most prevalent specific alteration (7 of 17 tumors) was loss of 17p, through i(17)(q10) or unbalanced translocation. The majority of low grade astrocytomas had normal stemlines, although one pilocytic astrocytoma and one cerebellar astrocytoma had frequent telomeric associations and a second pilocytic astrocytoma had a clone with trisomy 11. Thirteen of 19 high-grade and recurrent astrocytic tumors had abnormal stemlines that were approximately equally divided among cases with chromosomal counts in the near-diploid, hyperdiploid, and near-triploid-tetraploid ranges. Although no consistent abnormalities were observed, subsets of cases had structural abnormalities of chromosome 3, 7q, 9q, or 17p. The cases of childhood brain tumors described here demonstrate that 45,X,-X, and 45,X,-Y stemlines or sidelines are rare in these tumors and confirm frequent loss of 17p in medulloblastomas. High-grade astrocytic tumors in children frequently have abnormal stemlines, often in the hyperdiploid and polyploid ranges, and they differ from high-grade gliomas in the adult by lacking consistent numerical and structural deviations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Bigner
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hecht BK, Turc-Carel C, Chatel M, Grellier P, Gioanni J, Attias R, Gaudray P, Hecht F. Cytogenetics of malignant gliomas: I. The autosomes with reference to rearrangements. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1995; 84:1-8. [PMID: 7497435 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(95)00091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal chromosome abnormalities are far from always detectable and, when detected, far from fully consistent in malignant gliomas. In 15 of 41 malignant gliomas, we found autosomal chromosome aberrations ranging from solitary trisomy to a wildly abnormal polyploid complement. The sequence of chromosome events appears to proceed from the normal to the near-diploid state (via structural and numerical changes) to near-tetraploidy (via polyploidization), and finally toward near-triploidy (via chromosome loss and additional rearrangements). Characteristic chromosome changes of trisomy 7 and monosomy 10 were repeatedly found, usually together in the same cell clones. In only one case was trisomy 7 an isolated change. We observed structural rearrangements of chromosomes 7 and 10 which may be of some use in mapping specific genes duplicated or deleted by the whole-chromosome changes of chromosomes 7 and 10. Nonrandom structural changes of other autosomes, including chromosomes 1, 5, and 11, fit with the model of malignant glioma as a process involving multiple genes. An unusual concentration of breakpoints in 12q13, juxtaposing it to at least five other regions, reflects the presence of genetic information in 12q13 important to the development of malignant gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B K Hecht
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Human Cancers, URA CNRS 1462, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|