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de Pina VG, Brito BGA, Hai GQ, Cândido L. Quantifying electron-correlation effects in small coinage-metal clusters via ab initio calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9832-9842. [PMID: 33908436 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06499h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate many-electron correlation effects in neutral and charged coinage-metal clusters Cun, Agn, and Aun (n = 1-4) via ab initio calculations using fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo (FN-DMC) simulations, density functional theory (DFT), and the Hartree-Fock (HF) method. From very accurate FN-DMC total energies of the clusters and the HF results in the infinity large complete-basis-set limit, we obtain correlation energies in these strongly correlated many-electron clusters involving d orbitals. The obtained bond lengths of the clusters, atomic binding and dissociation energies, ionization potentials, and electron affinities are in satisfactory agreement with the available experiments. In the analysis, the electron correlation effects on these observable physical quantities are quantified by relative correlation contributions determined by the difference between the calculated FN-DMC and HF results. We show that the correlation contribution is not only significant for the quantities related to electronic structures of the coinage-metal clusters, such as electron affinity, but it is also essential for the stability of the atomic structures of these clusters. For example, the electron correlation contribution is responsible for more than 90% of the atomic binding energies of the small neutral copper clusters. We also demonstrate the orbital-occupation dependence of the correlation energy and electron pairing of the valence electrons in these coinage-metal clusters from the electron correlation-energy gain and spin-multiplicity change in the electron addition processes, which are reflected in their ionization potentials and electron affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G de Pina
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74.001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Ferrari P, Janssens E, Lievens P, Hansen K. Radiative cooling of size-selected gas phase clusters. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2019.1678929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ferrari
- Quantum Solid State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Quantum Solid State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Lievens
- Quantum Solid State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Klavs Hansen
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sadjadi S, Matta CF, Lemke KH, Hamilton IP. Relativistic-consistent electron densities of the coinage metal clusters M2, M4, M4(2-), and M4Na2 (M = Cu, Ag, Au): a QTAIM study. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:13024-35. [PMID: 21842915 DOI: 10.1021/jp204993r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We employ second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory level in combination with recently developed pseudopotential-based correlation consistent basis sets to obtain accurate relativistic-consistent electron densities for small coinage metal clusters. Using calculated electron densities, we employ Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) to gain insights into the nature of metal-metal bonding in the clusters M(2), M(4), M(4)(2-), and M(4)Na(2) (M = Cu, Ag, Au). For the simplest case of the metal dimer, M(2), we correlate the strength of the metal-metal bond with the value of the electron density at the bond critical point, the total energy density at the bond critical point, the sharing (delocalization) index, and the values of the two principle negative curvatures. We then consider changes to the metal-metal bonding and charge density distribution upon the addition of two metal atoms to form the metal tetramer, M(4), and then followed by the addition of an electron pair to form M(4)(2-) and finally followed by the addition of two alkali metal (sodium) ions to form M(4)Na(2). Using topological properties of the electron density, we present evidence for the existence of σ-aromaticity in Au(4)(2-). We also report the existence of two non-nuclear attractors in the molecular graph of Cu(4)(2-) and large negative charge accumulation in the nonbonded Cu basins of this cluster.
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Lecoultre S, Rydlo A, Félix C, Buttet J, Gilb S, Harbich W. UV–visible absorption of small gold clusters in neon: Aun(n= 1–5 and 7–9). J Chem Phys 2011; 134:074302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3537739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Wannere CS, Corminboeuf C, Wang ZX, Wodrich MD, King RB, Schleyer PVR. Evidence for d Orbital Aromaticity in Square Planar Coinage Metal Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:5701-5. [PMID: 15826211 DOI: 10.1021/ja042716q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative evidence for the existence of aromaticity involving the d orbitals of transition metals is provided for the first time. The doubly bridged square planar (D(4)(h)()) coinage metal clusters (M(4)Li(2), M = Cu (1), Ag (2), and Au (3)) are characterized as aromatic by their substantial nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS) values in the centers (-14.5, -14.1, and -18.6, respectively). Nevertheless, the participation of p orbitals in the bonding (and cyclic electron delocalization) of 1-3 is negligible. Instead, these clusters benefit strongly from the delocalization of d and to some extent s orbitals. The same conclusion applies to Tsipis and Tsipis' H-bridged D(4)(h)() Cu(4)H(4) ring (4). Canonical MO-NICS analysis of structures 1-3 shows the total diatropic d orbital contributions to the total NICS to be substantial, although the individual contributions of the five sets of filled d orbitals vary. The d orbital aromaticity of Cu(4)Li(2) also is indicated by its atomization energy, 243.2 kcal/mol, which is larger than Boldyrev's doubly (sigma and pi) aromatic Al(4)Li(2) (215.9 kcal/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya S Wannere
- Center for Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Abstract
The static electric dipole polarizabilities of Cu(9)-Cu(61) have been measured via a molecular beam deflection method. The clusters display per-atom polarizabilities that decrease monotonically with size, from approximately 16 A(3) per atom Cu(9-10) to approximately 5 A(3) (Cu(45-61)). Absent are any discernible discontinuities or odd-even alternations due to electronic shell filling or electron pairing effects. For the smallest clusters, the experimental polarizabilities are approximately 3 times larger than those predicted classically for conducting ellipsoids, and approach the classical values only for clusters containing more than approximately 45 atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Knickelbein
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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Guo R, Balasubramanian K. Theoretical study of the low-lying electronic states of ruthenium trimer (Ru3). J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1523901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Balasubramanian K, Zhu X. Spectroscopic constants and potential energy curves of electronic states of Mo2. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1497641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Koretsky GM, Knickelbein MB, Rousseau R, Marx D. A Combined Infrared Photodissociation and Theoretical Study of the Interaction of Ethanol with Small Gold Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0129636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Westcott SL, Averitt RD, Wolfgang JA, Nordlander P, Halas NJ. Adsorbate-Induced Quenching of Hot Electrons in Gold Core−Shell Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011213t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Westcott
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - R. D. Averitt
- MST-10, Condensed Matter and Thermal Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - J. A. Wolfgang
- Department of Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - P. Nordlander
- Department of Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - N. J. Halas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
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Balasubramanian K, Zhu XL. Spectroscopic constants and potential energy curves of Nb2 and Nb2+. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1373692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Baetzold
- Imaging Materials and Media, R&D, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York 14650-2021
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Gurin VS, Bogdanchikova NE, Petranovskii VP. Few-Atomic Silver Clusters in Zeolites: Ab Initio MO LCAO Calculation and Optical Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001092h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerij S. Gurin
- Physico-Chemical Research Institute, Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220080, Belarus
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Majumdar D, Dai D, Balasubramanian K. Theoretical study of the electronic states of platinum trimer (Pt3). J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1316039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Majumdar D, Balasubramanian K. Theoretical study of the electronic states of Rhn+ (n=3–5). J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Knickelbein MB, Koretsky GM. Infrared Studies of the Interaction of Methanol with Cun, Agn, and Aun. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp973381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Koretsky GM, Knickelbein MB. The reactions of silver clusters with ethylene and ethylene oxide: Infrared and photoionization studies of Agn(C2H4)m, Agn(C2H4O)m and their deuterated analogs. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Baetzold RC. Calculated Properties of Ag Clusters on Silver Halide Cubic Surface Sites. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971625v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Baetzold
- Imaging Research and Advanced Development, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York 14650-2021
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Majumdar D, Balasubramanian K. Theoretical study of the electronic states of Rh5. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kellö V, Sadlej AJ. Electron correlation and relativistic effects in the coinage metal compounds. II. Heteronuclear dimers: CuAg, CuAu, and AgAu. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.470487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Whoolery Johnson AJ, Spencer B, Dahl LF. Synthesis and experimental/theoretical investigation of the high-nuclearity cubic Td [Au6Ni12(CO)24]2− cluster, an initial example of a discrete gold-nickel bimetallic-bonded species: comparative analysis of the results of electron-counting methods and the Fenske-Hall MO model in rationalizing the bonding interactions of its Au6Ni12 core consisting of five face-fused metal octahedra. Inorganica Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1693(94)04220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dai D, Balasubramanian K. Pt3Au and PtAu clusters: Electronic states and potential energy surfaces. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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A comparative theoretical study of stable geometries and energetic properties of small silver clusters. Chem Phys Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(94)00010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gurin VS, Kovrikov AB. Semiempirical calculation of silver clusters with chemisorbed oxygen. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00530602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liao D, Balasubramanian K. Electronic structure of Cu6, Ag6, Au6, and their positive ions. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.463093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bishea GA, Morse MD. Resonant two‐photon ionization spectroscopy of jet‐cooled Au3. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Balasubramanian K, Das KK. Electronic states of Cu+4, Ag+4, and Au+4: Interpretation of the optical spectra of Cu+4. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.459814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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