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Gunawardana CA, Desper J, Sinha AS, Ðaković M, Aakeröy CB. Competition and selectivity in supramolecular synthesis: structural landscape around 1-(pyridylmethyl)-2,2′-biimidazoles. Faraday Discuss 2017; 203:371-388. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00080d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three isomeric forms of 1-(pyridylmethyl)-2,2′-biimidazole, A1–A3, have been synthesized and subjected to systematic co-crystallizations with selected hydrogen- and halogen-bond donors in order to explore the impact of electrostatics and geometry on the resulting supramolecular architectures. The solid-state supramolecular behavior of A1–A3 is largely consistent in halogen-bonded co-crystals. Only two types of primary interactions, the N–H⋯N/N⋯H–N homomeric hydrogen-bond interactions responsible for the pairing of biimidazole moieties and the I⋯N(pyridine) halogen bonds responsible for the co-crystal formation and structure extension, are present in these systems. The co-crystallizations with hydrogen-bond donors (carboxylic acids), however, lead to multiple possible structural outcomes because of the presence of the biimidazole–acid N–H⋯OC/N⋯H–O heterosynthon that can compete with biimidazole–biimidazole N–H⋯N/N⋯H–N homosynthon. In addition, the somewhat unpredictable nature of proton transfer makes the hydrogen-bonded co-crystals structurally less consistent than their halogen-bonded counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Desper
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
| | - A. S. Sinha
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
| | - M. Ðaković
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - C. B. Aakeröy
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
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A simple method for the determination of the Tolman electronic parameter of different phosphorus containing ligands, by means of the average local ionization energy. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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3
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Calculation of acidity/basicity values of some fluorinated compounds in gas phase and aqueous solution: A computational approach. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gangarapu S, Marcelis ATM, Zuilhof H. Accurate pKa calculation of the conjugate acids of alkanolamines, alkaloids and nucleotide bases by quantum chemical methods. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:990-5. [PMID: 23436741 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201201085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The pKa of the conjugate acids of alkanolamines, neurotransmitters, alkaloid drugs and nucleotide bases are calculated with density functional methods (B3LYP, M08-HX and M11-L) and ab initio methods (SCS-MP2, G3). Implicit solvent effects are included with a conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) and universal solvation models (SMD, SM8). G3, SCS-MP2 and M11-L methods coupled with SMD and SM8 solvation models perform well for alkanolamines with mean unsigned errors below 0.20 pKa units, in all cases. Extending this method to the pKa calculation of 35 nitrogen-containing compounds spanning 12 pKa units showed an excellent correlation between experimental and computational pKa values of these 35 amines with the computationally low-cost SM8/M11-L density functional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satesh Gangarapu
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Estimating the acidity of singly and multiply substituted benzoic acids via electrostatic potential at the nucleus. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liu S, Pedersen LG. Estimation of molecular acidity via electrostatic potential at the nucleus and valence natural atomic orbitals. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3648-55. [PMID: 19317439 DOI: 10.1021/jp811250r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An effective approach of estimating molecular pK(a) values from simple density functional calculations is proposed in this work. Both the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) at the nucleus of the acidic atom and the sum of valence natural atomic orbitals are employed for three categories of compounds, amines and anilines, carbonyl acids and alcohols, and sulfonic acids and thiols. A strong correlation between experimental pK(a) values and each of these two quantities for each of the three categories has been discovered. Moreover, if the MEP is subtracted by the isolated atomic MEP for each category of compounds, we observe a single unique linear relationship between the resultant MEP difference and experimental pK(a) data of amines, anilines, carbonyl acids, alcohols, sulfonic acids, thiols, and their substituents. These results can generally be utilized to simultaneously estimate pK(a) values at multiple sites with a single calculation for either relatively small molecules in drug design or amino acids in proteins and macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Liu
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420, USA.
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Morgenthaler M, Schweizer E, Hoffmann-Röder A, Benini F, Martin RE, Jaeschke G, Wagner B, Fischer H, Bendels S, Zimmerli D, Schneider J, Diederich F, Kansy M, Müller K. Predicting and Tuning Physicochemical Properties in Lead Optimization: Amine Basicities. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:1100-15. [PMID: 17530727 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review describes simple and useful concepts for predicting and tuning the pK(a) values of basic amine centers, a crucial step in the optimization of physical and ADME properties of many lead structures in drug-discovery research. The article starts with a case study of tricyclic thrombin inhibitors featuring a tertiary amine center with pK(a) values that can be tuned over a wide range, from the usual value of around 10 to below 2 by (remote) neighboring functionalities commonly encountered in medicinal chemistry. Next, the changes in pK(a) of acyclic and cyclic amines upon substitution by fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur functionalities, as well as carbonyl and carboxyl derivatives are systematically analyzed, leading to the derivation of simple rules for pK(a) prediction. Electronic and stereoelectronic effects in cyclic amines are discussed, and the emerging computational methods for pK(a) predictions are briefly surveyed. The rules for tuning amine basicities should not only be of interest in drug-discovery research, but also to the development of new crop-protection agents, new amine ligands for organometallic complexes, and in particular, to the growing field of amine-based organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Morgenthaler
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, HCI, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Politzer P, Murray JS. Molecular Electrostatic Potentials and Chemical Reactivity. REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470125793.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Kühl O, Lifson K, Langel W. Calculation of the Ligating Strength of N-Heterocyclic Germylenes – Extending the π-Acceptor Range. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Computational determination of pKa values. A comparison of different theoretical approaches and a novel procedure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sakai T, Korenaga T, Washio N, Nishio Y, Minami S, Ema T. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure (R,R)- and (S,S)-1,2-Bis(pentafluorophenyl)ethane-1,2-diamine and Evaluation of the pKaValue by Ab Initio Calculations. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.77.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Suresh CH, Koga N. Quantifying the electronic effect of substituted phosphine ligands via molecular electrostatic potential. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:1573-8. [PMID: 11896726 DOI: 10.1021/ic0109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Values of the molecular electrostatic potential minimum (V(min)) corresponding to the lone pair region of several substituted phosphine ligands (PR(3)) have been determined at the DFT level. The V(min) value is proposed as a quantitative measure of the electronic effect of the PR(3) ligands. Good linear correlation between V(min) and Tolman electronic parameter of PR(3) has been obtained. V(min) is also proportional to the pK(a) values of the conjugate acids of PR(3), viz., [PR(3)H](+). Further, the DeltaE values of the reaction Ni(CO)(3) + PR(3) --> Ni(CO)(3)PR(3) and ScH(3) + PR(3) --> ScH(3)PR(3) are also linearly proportional to the V(min) values. However, if there is a strong metal to phosphorus pi-back-bonding, the DeltaE and V(min) do not fit to a line. It is also found that the standard reduction potential as well as the enthalpy change corresponding to the electrochemical couple eta-Cp(CO)(PR(3))(COMe)Fe(+)/eta-Cp(CO)(PR(3))(COMe)Fe(0) is linearly proportional to the V(min) values of PR(3). These correlations suggest that V(min) is a quantitative measure of the sigma-donating ability of the phosphine. It is hoped that, in phosphine-metal coordination chemistry, the V(min) based electronic parameter could be more advantageous than nu-CO and pK(a) based electronic parameters as it solely represents the inherent electronic property of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Suresh
- Graduate School of Human Informatics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Brinck T. The use of the electrostatic potential for analysis and prediction of intermolecular interactions. THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1380-7323(98)80005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Orozco M, Luque FJ. Generalization of the Molecular Electrostatic Potential for the Study of Noncovalent interactions. THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s1380-7323(96)80044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Correlations between molecular electrostatic potentials and some experimentally-based indices of reactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(92)87156-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Murray JS, Brinck T, Politzer P. Applications of calculated local surface ionization energies to chemical reactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(92)85015-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Broughton HB, Green SM, Rzepa HS. Rank correlation of AM1 and PM3 derived molecular electrostatic potentials (RACEL) with Hammett σp-parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1039/c39920000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Carrupt PA, el Tayar N, Karlén A, Testa B. Molecular electrostatic potentials for characterizing drug-biosystem interactions. Methods Enzymol 1991; 203:638-77. [PMID: 1662332 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(91)03033-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Smith CM. Molecular electrostatic force, solution electrostatic energy and solubility of polar and non-polar molecules in water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(90)80082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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