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Shchukarev A, Backman E, Watts S, Salentinig S, Urban CF, Ramstedt M. Applying Cryo-X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to Study the Surface Chemical Composition of Fungi and Viruses. Front Chem 2021; 9:666853. [PMID: 34124001 PMCID: PMC8194281 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.666853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between microorganisms and their surroundings are generally mediated via the cell wall or cell envelope. An understanding of the overall chemical composition of these surface layers may give clues on how these interactions occur and suggest mechanisms to manipulate them. This knowledge is key, for instance, in research aiming to reduce colonization of medical devices and device-related infections from different types of microorganisms. In this context, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful technique as its analysis depth below 10 nm enables studies of the outermost surface structures of microorganism. Of specific interest for the study of biological systems is cryogenic XPS (cryo-XPS). This technique allows studies of intact fast-frozen hydrated samples without the need for pre-treatment procedures that may cause the cell structure to collapse or change due to the loss of water. Previously, cryo-XPS has been applied to study bacterial and algal surfaces with respect to their composition of lipids, polysaccharides and peptide (protein and/or peptidoglycan). This contribution focuses onto two other groups of microorganisms with widely different architecture and modes of life, namely fungi and viruses. It evaluates to what extent existing models for data treatment of XPS spectra can be applied to understand the chemical composition of their very different surface layers. XPS data from model organisms as well as reference substances representing specific building blocks of their surface were collected and are presented. These results aims to guide future analysis of the surface chemical composition of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emelie Backman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Samuel Watts
- Biointerfaces Lab, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Constantin F Urban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Ramstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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The theoretical adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli on some plumbing materials in presence of distilled water or tap water. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:607-613. [PMID: 33864608 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this work was to determine the most appropriate materials for the installation of a water system according to the characteristics of the water that passes through it. To this end, we conducted an investigation of the effect of two types of water (SDW: sterile distilled water and STW: sterile tap water) on the properties of bacterial surfaces and the theoretical adhesion of two bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) on six plumbing materials. Contact angle measurements were used to determine the surface energies of bacteria and materials. XDLVO theory was used to estimate the interactions between bacteria and plumbing materials. The results showed that water had a clear impact on the electron donor character and the hydrophobicity of the bacterial surfaces. Also, the predictive adhesion showed that all tested materials could be colonized by P. aeruginosa and E. coli ([Formula: see text]<0). However, colonization became thermodynamically less favorable or unfavorable (increase in [Formula: see text] values) with SDW and STW, respectively. Finally, the results suggest that the choice of the most suitable material for a drinking water installation is related to the quality of the water itself.
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Diaz L, Li Y, Jenkins DM. Chemical stabilization of dispersed Escherichia coli for enhanced recovery with a handheld electroflotation system and detection by Loop-mediated Isothermal AMPlification. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244956. [PMID: 33400712 PMCID: PMC7785231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Constraints related to sample preparation are some of the primary obstacles to widespread deployment of molecular diagnostics for rapid detection of trace quantities (≤103 CFU/mL) of food-borne pathogens. In this research, we report a sample preparation method using a novel handheld electroflotation system to concentrate and recover dilute quantities (102-103 CFU/mL) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) 25922 in artificially contaminated samples for reliable, rapid detection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). To protect suspended cells from shear stresses at bubble surfaces, a non-ionic surfactant (Pluronic-F68) and flocculant (chitosan oligosaccharide) were used to aggregate cells and reduce their surface hydrophobicity. Effective conditions for recovery were determined through multifactorial experiments including various concentrations of Pluronic-F68 (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 g L-1), chitosan oligosaccharide (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 g L-1), bacteria (102, 103, 104 CFU/mL E. coli 25922), recovery times (10, 15 and 20 minutes), and degrees of turbulent gas flux ("high" and "low"). The automated electroflotation system was capable of concentrating effectively all of the bacteria from a large sample (380 mL 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer containing 102 CFU/mL E. coli) into a 1 mL recovered fraction in less than 30 minutes. This enabled detection of bacterial contaminants within 2 hours of collecting the sample, without a specialized laboratory facility or traditional enrichment methods, with at least a 2-3 order of magnitude improvement in detection limit compared to direct assay with LAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Diaz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Science, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Jenkins
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
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Bazarin G, Módenes AN, Vieira MGA, Borba CE, Espinoza-Quiñones FR, Scariotto MC. Tilapia scales: characterization and study of Cu(II) removal by ion exchange with Ca(II). SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1577260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Bazarin
- Department of Chemical Engineering – Post graduate Program, West Parana State University, Toledo, Brazil
| | - Aparecido Nivaldo Módenes
- Department of Chemical Engineering – Post graduate Program, West Parana State University, Toledo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Borba
- Department of Chemical Engineering – Post graduate Program, West Parana State University, Toledo, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Carminati Scariotto
- Department of Engineering and Science – Environmental Science Post graduate Program, West Parana State University, Toledo, Brazil
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Potter G, Budge SM, Speers RA. Flocculation, cell surface hydrophobicity and 3-OH oxylipins in the SMA strain ofSaccharomyces pastorianus. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Potter
- Process Engineering and Applied Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax NS B3J 2X4 Canada
- The International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, School of Life Sciences; Heriot-Watt University; Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Suzanne M. Budge
- Process Engineering and Applied Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax NS B3J 2X4 Canada
| | - R. Alex Speers
- The International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, School of Life Sciences; Heriot-Watt University; Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
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Characterization of the cell surface properties of drinking water pathogens by microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon and electrophoretic mobility measurements. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 118:126-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hamadi F, Latrache H, Zahir H, Abed SE, Ellouali M, Saad IK. The Relation Between the Surface Chemical Composition of Escherichia coli and their Electron Donor/Electron Acceptor (Acid-base) Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2012.32.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Karunakaran E, Mukherjee J, Ramalingam B, Biggs CA. "Biofilmology": a multidisciplinary review of the study of microbial biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:1869-81. [PMID: 21538113 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The observation of biofilm formation is not a new phenomenon. The prevalence and significance of biofilm and aggregate formation in various processes have encouraged extensive research in this field for more than 40 years. In this review, we highlight techniques from different disciplines that have been used to successfully describe the extracellular, surface and intracellular elements that are predominant in understanding biofilm formation. To reduce the complexities involved in studying biofilms, researchers in the past have generally taken a parts-based, disciplinary specific approach to understand the different components of biofilms in isolation from one another. Recently, a few studies have looked into combining the different techniques to achieve a more holistic understanding of biofilms, yet this approach is still in its infancy. In order to attain a global understanding of the processes involved in the formation of biofilms and to formulate effective biofilm control strategies, researchers in the next decade should recognise that the study of biofilms, i.e. biofilmology, has evolved into a discipline in its own right and that mutual cooperation between the various disciplines towards a multidisciplinary research vision is vital in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Karunakaran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Fonseca AP, Extremina C, Fonseca AF, Sousa JC. Effect of subinhibitory concentration of piperacillin/tazobactam on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Microbiol 2004; 53:903-910. [PMID: 15314198 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.45637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics, although not able to kill bacteria, can modify their physico-chemical characteristics and the architecture of their outermost surface and may interfere with some bacterial functions. This study investigated the ability of sub-MIC piperacillin/tazobactam (P/T) to interfere with the bacterial virulence parameters of adhesiveness, cell-surface hydrophobicity, motility, biofilm formation and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Antimicrobial activity against five Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates, representative of clonal lineages of 96 strains of nosocomial origin, and six control strains (ATCC 27853, PAO1, AK1, MT1562, PT623, PAO1algC) was evaluated in vitro using the NCCLS microdilution method. The effects of sub-MIC on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation were studied using a modified microtitre plate assay. The relative cell-surface hydrophobicity of P. aeruginosa strains was determined by measuring their ability to adhere to n-hexadecane. P. aeruginosa that had been exposed overnight to P/T and incubated with P/T in the plate were also screened for their ability to swim using flagella and to twitch and for their sensitivity to oxidative stress. The results obtained showed that the impact of sub-MIC P/T on bacterial characteristics was different for the various strains of P. aeruginosa. There was a change in bacterial morphology and hydrophobicity that could explain a significant decrease in adhesion values in all clinical isolates and controls tested, a decrease in biofilm formation, a significant increase in sensitivity to oxidative stress, a significant decrease in flagellum-mediated swimming and a decrease in type IV fimbriae-mediated twitching. The results obtained indicate that sub-MIC P/T interferes with the pathogenic potential of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Fonseca
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal 2IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal 3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - C Extremina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal 2IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal 3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - A F Fonseca
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal 2IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal 3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - J C Sousa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal 2IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal 3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Luckham
- Dept. Chem. Eng. and Chem. Tech., Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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Bellon-Fontaine MN, Mozes N, van der Mei HC, Sjollema J, Cerf O, Rouxhet PG, Busscher HJ. A comparison of thermodynamic approaches to predict the adhesion of dairy microorganisms to solid substrata. CELL BIOPHYSICS 1990; 17:93-106. [PMID: 1704817 DOI: 10.1007/bf02989805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Four different thermodynamic approaches were compared on their usefulness to predict correctly the adhesion of two fouling microogranisms from dairy processing to various solid substrata. The surface free energies of the interacting surfaces were derived from measured contact angles according to: 1. The equation of state; 2. The geometric-mean equation using dispersion and polar components neglecting spreading pressures; 3. The geometric-mean equation using dispersion and polar components while accounting for spreading pressures; and 4. The Lifshitz-van der Waals/Acid-Base approach. All approaches yielded similar surface free energies for the low energy surfaces. Application of approach 1 with different liquids did not give consistent values for the high surface free energy substrata. The dispersion or Lifshiftz-van der Waals components were nearly equal for approaches 2, 3, and 4; however, the polar or acid-base components differed greatly according to the approach followed. Approaches 1 and 2 correctly predicted that adhesion should occur, although the trend with respect to the various solid substrata was opposite the one experimentally observed, as was also the trend predicted by approach 4. Only approach 3 correctly predicted the observed bacterial adhesion with respect to the various solid substrata. In approach 3 and 4, adhesion was frequently found, despite a positive free energy of adhesion. This was attributed to either possible local attractive electrostatic interactions, inadequate weighing of surface free energy components in the calculation of free energies of adhesion, or to additional forces arising from structured interfacial water.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Bellon-Fontaine
- Laboratoire de génie de l'hygiène et des procédés alimentaires, Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, Massy, France
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