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Identification of pharmacological agents that induce HMGB1 release. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14915. [PMID: 29097772 PMCID: PMC5668281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The translocation of the protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and its secretion or passive release through the permeabilized plasma membrane, constitutes a major cellular danger signal. Extracellular HMGB1 can interact with pattern recognition receptors to stimulate pro-inflammatory and immunostimulatory pathways. Here, we developed a screening assay to identify pharmacological agents endowed with HMGB1 releasing properties. For this, we took advantage of the "retention using selective hooks" (RUSH) system in which a streptavidin-NLS3 fusion protein was used as a nuclear hook to sequestrate streptavidin-binding peptide (SBP) fused with HMGB1 and green fluorescent protein (GFP). When combined with biotin, which competitively disrupts the interaction between streptavidin-NLS3 and HMGB1-SBP-GFP, immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers such as anthracyclines were able to cause the nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1-SBP-GFP. This system, was used in a high-content screening (HCS) campaign for the identification of HMGB1 releasing agents. Hits fell into three functional categories: known ICD inducers, microtubule inhibitors and epigenetic modifiers. These agents induced ICD through a panoply of distinct mechanisms. Their effective action was confirmed by multiple methods monitoring nuclear, cytoplasmic and extracellular HMGB1 pools, both in cultured human or murine cells, as well as in mouse plasma.
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 701] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Dong XDE, Ito N, Lotze MT, Demarco RA, Popovic P, Shand SH, Watkins S, Winikoff S, Brown CK, Bartlett DL, Zeh HJ. High mobility group box I (HMGB1) release from tumor cells after treatment: implications for development of targeted chemoimmunotherapy. J Immunother 2007; 30:596-606. [PMID: 17667523 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e31804efc76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that cytolysis of human melanoma cells by immune effectors (both NK and T cells) is associated with release of the nuclear chromatin protein, high mobility group box I (HMGB1). Extracellular HMGB1 mediates a number of important functions including endothelial cell activation, stromagenesis, recruitment and activation of innate immune cells, and also dendritic cell maturation that, in the setting of cancer, lead to a chronic inflammatory response. This reparative inflammatory response promotes tumor cell survival, expansion, and metastases. Release of HMGB1 after chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity has not been well characterized. We measured the release of HMGB1 after chemotherapy or immune cytolysis and demonstrated that this did not correlate with conventional markers of apoptosis and necrosis in several human colorectal, pancreatic, and melanoma tumor cell lines. Rather, we observed that tumor cells incubated with the platinating agent oxaliplatin, retained HMGB1 within the nucleus for significantly longer periods than other agents used at comparable cytotoxic concentrations or even with potent cytolytic cells. Thus, release of HMGB1 from dying tumor cells treated with chemotherapy or cells with lymphokine activated killer cell activity is not dependent solely on the mode of cell death. Sequestration of the damage associated molecular pattern molecule, HMGB1, may play a role in the clinical efficacy of platinating agents and suggests this as a superior agent for coupling with immunotherapeutic strategies, possibly enhancing their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Da Eric Dong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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