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Blanco-Doval A, Sousa R, Barron LJR, Portmann R, Egger L, Aldai N. Assessment of in vitro digestibility and post-digestion peptide release of mare milk in relation to different management systems and lactation stages. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00902-0. [PMID: 38851572 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Mare milk has a unique protein composition that makes it a preferred option for adult and infant nutrition. Several functional properties have been attributed to this milk but with little evidence yet. In fact, knowledge on mare milk composition is still limited. In particular, studies addressing the performance of mare milk proteins during human gastrointestinal digestion are scarce, which limits the understanding of mare milk nutritional quality and functionality. For this reason, the present study describes the digestibility of mare milk proteins and the release of peptides as affected by management and lactation stage, factors known to affect milk composition. Mare milk samples from 3 different farms, and collected during 6 mo of lactation (n = 54), were subjected to a static in vitro gastrointestinal model to measure peptide release and protein digestibility. In the present study, a detailed description of protein and individual amino acid behavior during the digestion process was given. For the first time, digestion of the 2 equine β-lactoglobulin isoforms (I and II) was described individually. In addition, it was found that lactation stage and management system can significantly affect protein digestibility and peptide release during gastrointestinal digestion of mare milk. Presumably, differences in the composition of mare milk influence the protein structure and enzyme accessibility, which might have an impact on digestion behavior. Despite no specific bioactive peptides were identified, several precursors of previously described bioactive peptides were found. These findings could support the idea of mare milk as a food with added value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Blanco-Doval
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Raquel Sousa
- Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luis Javier R Barron
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Reto Portmann
- Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lotti Egger
- Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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2
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Effects of acetyl grafting on the structural and functional properties of whey protein microgels. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Brinkmann J, Jagannathan V, Drögemüller C, Rieder S, Leeb T, Thaller G, Tetens J. DNA-based analysis of protein variants reveals different genetic variability of the paralogous equine ß-lactoglobulin genes LGB1 and LGB2. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Sardina MT, Rosa AJM, Davoli R, Braglia S, Portolano B. Polymorphisms of beta-lactoglobulin promoter region in three Sicilian goat breeds. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:3203-10. [PMID: 21701825 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) polymorphisms have been described within the proximal promoter region and coding region of the caprine gene, although no genetic variants affecting the protein amino acid composition and/or expression level have been characterized so far. Binding sites for several transcription factors (TFs) are present in the BLG promoter region. The aims of this work were to sequence the full-length promoter region of three Sicilian goat breeds in order to identify polymorphisms, analyze the identified haplotypes, search for differences between breeds for the presence of polymorphisms in this gene region, search for putative TFs binding sites, and check if polymorphisms lay within the identified TFs binding sites. The promoter region of BLG gene in Sicilian goat breeds showed high level of polymorphism due to the presence of 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Association between polymorphic sites was computed within the whole sample analyzed and 18 haplotypes were inferred. Binding sites for three milk protein binding factors (MPBFs) and four nuclear factor-I (NF-I) were found within BLG promoter region based on the ovine sequence. The identification of some SNPs within TFs binding sites allowed hypothesizing the loss of TFs. Further studies are in progress to evaluate the effect of these mutations on binding affinity of TFs, the functional interaction of the TFs with the goat BLG promoter, and the relationship of the polymorphisms with BLG gene expression and milk production and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Sardina
- Dipartimento DEMETRA-Sezione Produzioni Animali, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze-Parco d'Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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6
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Mastrangelo S, Sardina MT, Riggio V, Portolano B. Study of polymorphisms in the promoter region of ovine β-lactoglobulin gene and phylogenetic analysis among the Valle del Belice breed and other sheep breeds considered as ancestors. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:745-51. [PMID: 21567200 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to sequence the promoter region of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene in four sheep breeds, in order to identify polymorphisms, infer and analyze haplotypes, and phylogenetic relationship among the Valle del Belice breed and the other three breeds considered as ancestors. Sequencing analysis and alignment of the obtained sequences showed the presence of 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one deletion. A total of 22 haplotypes found in "best" reconstruction were inferred considering the 37 polymorphic sites identified. Haplotypes were used for the reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree using the Neighbor-Joining algorithm. The number of polymorphisms identified showed high variability within breeds. Analysis of genetic diversity indexes showed that the Sarda breed presented the lowest nucleotide diversity, whereas the Comisana breed presented the highest one. Comparing the nucleotide diversity among breeds, the highest value was obtained between Valle del Belice and Pinzirita breeds, whereas the lowest one was between Valle del Belice and Sarda breeds. Considering that polymorphisms in the promoter region of BLG gene could have a functional role associated with milk composition, the lowest value of nucleotide diversity between Valle del Belice and Sarda breeds may be related to a higher similarity of milk composition of these two breeds compared to the others. Further analyses will be conducted in order to evaluate the possible correlation between the genetic diversity indexes and the BLG content in milk of our breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mastrangelo
- Dipartimento DEMETRA-Sezione Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze-Parco d'Orleans, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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7
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8
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Herrouin M, Mollé D, Fauquant J, Ballestra F, Maubois JL, Léonil J. New genetic variants identified in donkey's milk whey proteins. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2000; 19:105-15. [PMID: 10945434 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007078415595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel genetic variants for donkey milk lysozyme and beta-lactoglobulins I and II have been identified by the combined use of peptide mass mapping and sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry in association with database searching. The novel donkey lysozyme variant designated as lysozyme B (Mr 14,631 Da) differed in three amino acid exchanges, N49 --> D, Y52 --> S, and S61 --> N, from the previously published sequence. Three novel genetic variants for donkey beta-lactoglobulins were identified. One of them is a type beta-lactoglobulin I with three amino acid exchanges at E36 --> S, S97 --> T, and V150 --> I (beta-lactoglobulin I B, Mr 18,510 Da). The two others are type beta-lactoglobulins II with two amino acid exchanges at C110 --> P and M118--> T (beta-lactoglobulin II B, Mr 18,227 Da) and with three amino acid exchanges at D96 --> E, C110 --> P, and M118 -->T (beta-lactoglobulin II C, Mr 18,241 Da). All these primary structures are closely related to those of homologous proteins in horse milk (percent identity >96%).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Herrouin
- EURL François Ballestra, SAINT-RAPHAEL, France
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9
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Qin BY, Bewley MC, Creamer LK, Baker HM, Baker EN, Jameson GB. Structural basis of the Tanford transition of bovine beta-lactoglobulin. Biochemistry 1998; 37:14014-23. [PMID: 9760236 DOI: 10.1021/bi981016t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structures of the trigonal crystal form of bovine beta-lactoglobulin variant A at pH 6.2, 7.1, and 8.2 have been determined by X-ray diffraction methods at a resolution of 2.56, 2. 24, and 2.49 A, respectively. The corresponding values for R (Rfree) are 0.192 (0.240), 0.234 (0.279), and 0.232 (0.277). The C and N termini as well as two disulfide bonds are clearly defined in these models. The glutamate side chain of residue 89 is buried at pH 6.2 and becomes exposed at pH 7.1 and 8.2. This conformational change, involving the loop 85-90, provides a structural basis for a variety of pH-dependent chemical, physical, and spectroscopic phenomena, collectively known as the Tanford transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Qin
- Centre for Structural Biology, Institutes of Fundamental Sciences and Molecular Biosciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Godovac-Zimmermann J, Krause I, Baranyi M, Fischer-Frühholz S, Juszczak J, Erhardt G, Buchberger J, Klostermeyer H. Isolation and rapid sequence characterization of two novel bovine beta-lactoglobulins I and J. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1996; 15:743-50. [PMID: 9008298 DOI: 10.1007/bf01887148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Two novel bovine beta-lactoglobulins I and J have been isolated from bovine milk and characterized by isoelectric focusing. Their primary structure was determined by a very rapid method consisting of a combination of Edman sequencing, mass analysis, and ladder sequencing by mass spectrometry. We found that both new beta-lactoglobulins are of the bovine beta-lactoglobulin B-variant type. beta-lactoglobulin I shows Gly instead of Glu at position 108, whereas beta-lactoglobulin J shows a Pro-to-Leu exchange at position 126.
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11
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Folch JM, Coll A, Hayes HC, Sànchez A. Characterization of a caprine beta-lactoglobulin pseudogene, identification and chromosomal localization by in situ hybridization in goat, sheep and cow. Gene 1996; 177:87-91. [PMID: 8921850 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(96)00276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) pseudogene has been isolated and sequenced (7634 bp) in goat. Its structure is remarkably similar to that of the beta-LG gene with all seven exons placed in the same relative position. The pseudogene seems to have originated by gene duplication, but a non uniform distribution of similarities along the sequence suggests that events of gene conversion have also occurred during its evolution. The comparison of the predicted ancestral protein encoded by the pseudogene shows its evolutionary relationship to the monomeric beta-LG II forms of the beta-LG reported in some non-ruminant species. Southern-blot analysis shows that similar pseudogenes are also found in the genome of sheep and cow. The pseudogene has been mapped by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to sheep chromosome 3p28 and cattle and goat chromosomes 11q28, in the same mapped position as that found for the beta-LG gene in all these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Folch
- Departament de Patologia i Producció Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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12
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Passey RJ, Mackinlay AG. Characterisation of a second, apparently inactive, copy of the bovine beta-lactoglobulin gene. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 233:736-43. [PMID: 8521836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.736_3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A bovine cosmid clone was isolated which contains the previously characterised beta-lactoglobulin gene and, in addition, a related sequence which appears to be a beta-lactoglobulin pseudogene. The total length of the pseudogene, as determined by DNA sequencing, is 4.8 kb, similar to that of beta-lactoglobulin. Both genes are in the same orientation and are separated by approximately 14 kb intergenic sequence. Although most of introns I-V are extremely divergent, the exon sequences are clearly related, exons I-V exhibiting nucleotide sequence similarities in the range 60-87%. Exons VI and VII, together with the final intron, comprise a region of sequence extending over 730 bp, which displays 92.5% identity to the corresponding beta-lactoglobulin sequence. It is suggested that this is the result of a recent gene conversion event involving conversion of the pseudogene by the authentic beta-lactoglobulin gene. Identification of the new lactoglobulin sequence as a pseudogene is based on the occurrence of a stop codon in exon V. Comparison of the inferred translation product encoded by the pseudogene before its mutational inactivation, with the sequences of equine and feline beta-lactoglobulins I and II, indicates that the bovine pseudogene is more closely related to these type-II lactoglobulin sequences than to the type-I sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Passey
- School of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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13
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Buhi WC, Alvarez IM, Shille VM, Thatcher MJ, Harney JP, Cotton M. Purification and characterization of a uterine retinol-binding protein in the bitch. Biochem J 1995; 311 ( Pt 2):407-15. [PMID: 7487875 PMCID: PMC1136015 DOI: 10.1042/bj3110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A major canine endometrial secreted protein (cP6, 23,000-M(r)) was purified by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography and characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Anti-[human retinol-binding protein (hRBP)] serum identified cP6 on immunoblot analysis and immunoprecipitated cP6 from culture medium. This major protein was also shown to bind [3H]retinol. N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences were determined and compared with previously identified protein, RNA, or DNA sequences. N-terminal analysis revealed that cP6 had high identity and similarity to serum retinol-binding proteins (RBPs), while internal sequence analysis showed a strong similarity to rat androgen-dependent epididymal protein and beta-lactoglobulins. Amino acid analysis, however, showed significant differences between these proteins and cP6 in both total amino acid content and certain selected amino acids. Immunohistochemical analysis showed staining for RBP only in the uterine luminal epithelium. These studies suggest that bitch endometrium secretes a family of proteins (cP6), some of which bind [3H]retinol, are immunologically related to the RBP family, and have N-terminal and internal sequences with a high similarity to RBP, beta-lactoglobulins and other members of the lipocalin family. This family of proteins may be important in early development for supplying retinol or derivatives to the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Buhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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14
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Pérez MD, Calvo M. Interaction of beta-lactoglobulin with retinol and fatty acids and its role as a possible biological function for this protein: a review. J Dairy Sci 1995; 78:978-88. [PMID: 7622732 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(95)76713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
beta-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein in the milk of ruminants and some nonruminants, such as pigs and horses. Although beta-lactoglobulin was first isolated 60 yr ago, no function has been definitely ascribed to beta-lactoglobulin. Recent x-ray crystallographic studies have advanced knowledge of the structure of beta-lactoglobulin, which is homologous with that of retinol-binding protein and lipocalycins; the function of these proteins seems to be participation in the transport of small hydrophobic substances. By analogy, this protein has been suggested as having a role as a transporter of fatty acids and retinol. This review reassesses the function of beta-lactoglobulin in light of the large amount of information that has accrued in the last few years. In particular, this review concentrates upon studies of the binding of retinol and fatty acids to beta-lactoglobulin, including the binding constants and number of binding sites, the location of the binding sites, and the influence of chemical modifications in the interaction of the protein with both ligands. This study also describes studies of the influence of beta-lactoglobulin on several biological processes that may be relevant to the possible biological role of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Pérez
- Tecnología y Bioquímica de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Zaragoza, Spain
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15
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Argall ME, Bradbury JH, Shaw DC. Amino-acid sequence of a trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor from giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1204:189-94. [PMID: 8142459 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(94)90008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza) contains a protein which inhibits both trypsin and chymotrypsin. This trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor exists as a dimer of two identical monomers each with slight polymorphism and is an attractive candidate for conferring insect resistance in transgenic plants. The 184 amino-acid sequence (molecular mass of 19774 Da for the Met-24, Glu-50 form) has been determined and is compared with those of other Kunitz-type trypsin, chymotrypsin and subtilisin inhibitors. There appears to be greater 'homology' between the giant taro inhibitor and those inhibitors from other monocotyledons than inhibitors from dicotyledons. The P1 loop region is different from that of other Kunitz-type inhibitors and contains a sequence Leu-Ala-Phe-Phe-Pro at residues 56-60. This section of sequence differs only by a Leu/Ile replacement to a tight binding inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, recently produced by genetic engineering. The most likely candidate for the P1 residue in the giant taro trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor is Leu-56.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Argall
- Department of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra
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16
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Gachon AM. Human lacrimal gland secretes proteins belonging to the group of hydrophobic molecule transporters. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1994; 350:205-10. [PMID: 8030478 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2417-5_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Gachon
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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17
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Flower DR, North AC, Attwood TK. Structure and sequence relationships in the lipocalins and related proteins. Protein Sci 1993; 2:753-61. [PMID: 7684291 PMCID: PMC2142497 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The lipocalins and fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are two recently identified protein families that both function by binding small hydrophobic molecules. We have sought to clarify relationships within and between these two groups through an analysis of both structure and sequence. Within a similar overall folding pattern, we find large parts of the lipocalin and FABP structures to be quantitatively equivalent. The three largest structurally conserved regions within the lipocalin common core correspond to characteristic sequence motifs that we have used to determine the constitution of this family using an iterative sequence analysis procedure. This afforded a new interpretation of the family, which highlighted the difficulties of determining a comprehensive and coherent classification of the lipocalins. The first of the three conserved sequence motifs is also common to the FABPs and corresponds to a conserved structural element characteristic of both families. Similarities of structure and sequence within the two families suggests that they form part of a larger "structural superfamily"; we have christened this overall group the calycins to reflect the cup-shaped structure of its members.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Flower
- Department of Physical Chemistry, R&D Labs, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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18
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Shaw DC, Messer M, Scrivener AM, Nicholas KR, Griffiths M. Isolation, partial characterisation, and amino acid sequence of alpha-lactalbumin from platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) milk. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1161:177-86. [PMID: 8431467 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(93)90211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
alpha-Lactalbumin was isolated from the whey fraction of platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) milk by successive ion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction and gel-permeation chromatography. The purified protein modified the action of partially-purified galactosyltransferase from platypus milk to promote the synthesis of lactose, but had very little modifier effect on bovine galactosyltransferase. Platypus alpha-lactalbumin has 126 amino-acid residues (molecular mass about 14.3 kDa), including a three-residue insertion not found in other alpha-lactalbumins or c-type lysozymes. It appears to have two sites of post-translational modification, of which at least one is N-glycosylated, to give an apparent molecular mass of 23 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The platypus sequence shows a high degree of positional identity (41-48%) with the alpha-lactalbumins of other species. Although it has no lysozyme activity, platypus alpha-lactalbumin is more similar to mammalian lysozymes than is any eutherian or marsupial alpha-lactalbumin, suggesting that this monotreme protein has evolved more slowly than other alpha-lactalbumins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Shaw
- Protein Biochemistry Group, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra
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Pérez MD, Puyol P, Ena JM, Calvo M. Comparison of the ability to bind lipids of beta-lactoglobulin and serum albumin of milk from ruminant and non-ruminant species. J DAIRY RES 1993; 60:55-63. [PMID: 8436666 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029900027345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of sheep, horse, pig, human and guinea-pig whey proteins with fatty acids has been studied. Using gel filtration and autoradiography, it was found that sheep beta-lactoglobulin and serum albumin from all species had the ability to bind fatty acids in vitro. Sheep beta-lactoglobulin, isolated from milk, had approximately 0.5 mol fatty acids bound per mol monomer protein, and albumin from sheep, horse and pig contained approximately 4.5, 2.9 and 4.7 mol fatty acids/mol protein respectively. However, beta-lactoglobulin from horse and pig milk had neither fatty acids physiologically bound nor the ability to bind them in vitro. Albumin was the only whey protein detected with bound fatty acids in these species as well as in human and guinea pig. This suggests that the ability of ruminant beta-lactoglobulin to bind fatty acids was not shared by the same protein of non-ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Pérez
- Tecnología y Bioquímica de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, España
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