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Wu X, Xie HN, Wu T, Liu W, Chen LL, Li ZH, Wang DJ, Wang Y, Huang HB. A novel mutation of FOXC1 in a Chinese family with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2255-2261. [PMID: 31410177 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a disorder affecting the anterior segment of the eye and causing systemic malformations, and follows an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern. The aim of the present study was to identify the underlying cause of ARS in a Chinese family. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the subjects from a family with ARS. The pathogenic variant was identified by targeted next-generation sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. A novel heterozygous mutation of the forkhead box (FOX)C1 gene (c.1494delG, p.G499Afs*20) was detected in all affected members of the family, while no mutation was identified in the unaffected members or in the 150 normal controls. The affected members exhibited typical ocular and craniofacial anomalies. The results of the present study demonstrated that a novel deletion in exon 1 of the FOXC1 gene caused ARS in this Chinese family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Nan Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Lam Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Hui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Da-Jiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P.R. China
| | - Hou-Bin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P.R. China
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Seifi M, Walter MA. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. Clin Genet 2018; 93:1123-1130. [PMID: 28972279 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of developmental disorders affecting primarily the anterior segment of the eye, often leading to secondary glaucoma. Patients with ARS may also present with systemic changes, including dental defects, mild craniofacial dysmorphism, and umbilical anomalies. ARS is inherited in an autosomal-dominant fashion; the underlying defect in 40% of patients is mutations in PITX2 or FOXC1. Here, an overview of the clinical spectrum of ARS is provided. As well, the known underlying genetic defects, clinical diagnostic possibilities, genetic counseling and treatments of ARS are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seifi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - M A Walter
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Saccà SC, Gandolfi S, Bagnis A, Manni G, Damonte G, Traverso CE, Izzotti A. From DNA damage to functional changes of the trabecular meshwork in aging and glaucoma. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 29:26-41. [PMID: 27242026 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a degenerative disease of the eye. Both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye are affected, extensive damage being detectable in the trabecular meshwork and the inner retina-central visual pathway complex. Oxidative stress is claimed to be mainly responsible for molecular damage in the anterior chamber. Indeed, oxidation harms the trabecular meshwork, leading eventually to endothelial cell decay, tissue malfunction, subclinical inflammation, changes in the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton, altered motility, reduced outflow facility and (ultimately) increased IOP. Moreover, free radicals are involved in aging and can be produced in the brain (as well as in the eye) as a result of ischemia, leading to oxidation of the surrounding neurons. Glaucoma-related cell death occurs by means of apoptosis, and apoptosis is triggered by oxidative stress via (a) mitochondrial damage, (b) inflammation, (c) endothelial dysregulation and dysfunction, and (d) hypoxia. The proteomics of the aqueous humor is significantly altered in glaucoma as a result of oxidation-induced trabecular damage. Those proteins whose aqueous humor levels are increased in glaucoma are biomarkers of trabecular meshwork impairment. Their diffusion from the anterior to the posterior segment of the eye may be relevant in the cascade of events triggering apoptosis in the inner retinal layers, including the ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Claudio Saccà
- IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, San Martino Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gandolfi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biological, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bagnis
- University of Genoa, Eye Clinic, Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Viale Benedetto XV, 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Manni
- Dept. of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Enrico Traverso
- University of Genoa, Eye Clinic, Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Viale Benedetto XV, 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Mutagenesis Unit, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via A. Pastore 1, Genoa I-16132, Italy
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Pulliero A, Seydel A, Camoirano A, Saccà SC, Sandri M, Izzotti A. Oxidative damage and autophagy in the human trabecular meshwork as related with ageing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98106. [PMID: 24945152 PMCID: PMC4063984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular lysosomal degradation process induced under stress conditions. Autophagy also plays a major role in ocular patho-physiology. Molecular aging does occur in the trabecular meshwork, the main regulator of aqueous humor outflow, and trabecular meshwork senescence is accompanied by increased oxidative stress. However, the role of autophagy in trabecular meshwork patho-physiology has not yet been examined in vivo in human ocular tissues. The purpose of the herein presented study is to evaluate autophagy occurrence in ex-vivo collected human trabecular meshwork specimens and to evaluate the relationship between autophagy, oxidative stress, and aging in this tissue. Fresh trabecular meshwork specimens were collected from 28 healthy corneal donors devoid of ocular pathologies and oxidative DNA damage, and LC3 and p62 protein expression analyzed. In a subset of 10 subjects, further to trabecular meshwork proteins, the amounts of cathepesin L and ubiquitin was analyzed by antibody microarray in aqueous humor. Obtained results demonstrate that autophagy activation, measured by LC3II/I ratio, is related with. oxidative damage occurrence during aging in human trabecular meshwork. The expression of autophagy marker p62 was lower in subjects older than 60 years as compared to younger subjects. These findings reflect the occurrence of an agedependent increase in the autophagy as occurring in the trabecular meshwork. Furthermore, we showed that aging promotes trabecular-meshwork senescence due to increased oxidative stress paralleled by autophagy increase. Indeed, both oxidative DNA damage and autophagy were more abundant in subjects older than 60 years. These findings shed new light on the role of oxidative damage and autophagy during trabecular-meshwork aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anke Seydel
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Camoirano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Claudio Saccà
- Department of Head/Neck Pathologies, St. Martino Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Pescosolido N, Cavallotti C, Rusciano D, Nebbioso M. Trabecular meshwork in normal and pathological eyes. Ultrastruct Pathol 2012; 36:102-7. [PMID: 22471432 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2011.634090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of glycosaminoglycans on intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients and in healthy young or aging subjects is explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty small autoptic samples were harvested from the tissue localized around the iridocorneal angle of the eye, taking care not to cause aesthetic damage. The samples came from three groups (young, old, and subjects with glaucoma). All samples were divided in two fragments and both were used for morphological and biochemical analyses. Quantitative data were obtained from image analysis to correlate with biochemical values. All results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The findings show the following changes of iridocorneal angle are caused by glycosaminoglycans both in aging and in glacoumatous patients: (1) deposition of fibrous granular material and increased electron density of the structures close to the iridocorneal angle; and (2) strong decrease of hyaluronic acid content and increase of sulfated glycosaminoglycans. CONCLUSIONS Similar to what happens in other tissues in the body, glycosaminoglycans of the human iridocorneal angle undergo physiological and pathological changes. The trabecular meshwork is the structure responsible for the regulation of the aqueous humor outflow that is often altered in primary open-angle glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pescosolido
- Department of Science Cardiovascular Respiratory and Morphological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Park CH, Kim JW. Effect of advanced glycation end products on oxidative stress and senescence of trabecular meshwork cells. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2012; 26:123-31. [PMID: 22511839 PMCID: PMC3325617 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2012.26.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGE) on oxidative stress and cellular senescence in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMC). Methods Primarily cultured HTMC were exposed to 0, 10, 50, 100, 200 µg/mL of glycated bovine serum albumin (G-BSA) for 5 days. Also co-exposed were L-arginine, sepiapterin, and antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Cellular survival and production of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide, and reactive oxygen species were assessed by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Griess assay, cytochrome c assay, and dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay, respectively. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining was performed to quantify the degree of cellular senescence. Results G-BSA decreased cellular survival, NO production, and increased superoxide production significantly in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of G-BSA were abolished with co-exposure of L-arginine, sepiapterin, and NAC. G-BSA enhanced cellular senescence accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species. G-BSA-induced cellular senescence was suppressed by application of L-arginine, sepiapterin, and NAC. Conclusions AGE enhances cellular senescence of HTMC accompanied with increased oxidative stress. AGE-induced oxidative stress and cellular senescence could be delayed by application of anti-oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheul Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Lin S, Lee OT, Minasi P, Wong J. Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Human Fetal Trabecular Meshwork Cells. Curr Eye Res 2009; 32:43-50. [PMID: 17364734 DOI: 10.1080/02713680601107058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To isolate and characterize fetal trabecular meshwork (FTM) cells for study in culture. Cultured adult trabecular meshwork (TM) cells often possess a slower rate of growth and restricted number of population doublings, limiting the ability to perform expanded testing. METHODS Fetal eyes from 24-week gestation abortions were delicately dissected to isolate the developing trabecular meshwork tissue. Three primary cultures were achieved and passaged. Light microscopy was used to compare the FTM cells to two cultured adult TM cell lines. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis were utilized to identify specific protein expression. RESULTS The FTM cells demonstrated similar microscopic characteristics to adult TM cells, including monolayer formation, cobblestone pattern, and comparable size. FTM cells exhibited faster, more consistent doubling times when compared with adult TM cells. They grew rapidly even after passage 8, whereas their adult counterparts slowed significantly with each successive passage and failed to reach confluence at passages 4 to 5. Immunofluorescent staining was positive for actin, vimentin, fibronectin, laminin, aquaporin-1, CD-44, and myocilin in both FTM and adult TM cells. In both fetal and adult cells, Western blots showed substantial increase in myocilin after exposure to dexamethasone. CONCLUSIONS Characterization by microscopy and immunocytochemistry suggest that FTM cells have properties similar to adult TM cells. Fetal tissues may be a useful source of abundant, rapidly dividing FTM cells for in vitro investigation. The ability to do expanded research in this field may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in glaucoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
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Lee SH, Kim SH, Kim JW. Effect of Methylglyoxal on the Oxidative Stress in Trabecular Meshwork Cells. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2009. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2009.50.10.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic University of Daegu College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sin Hoo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic University of Daegu College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic University of Daegu College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Lee OT, Wong J, Liepmann D, Lang T, Lin S. Ultrastructure and fluid flow physiology of fetal trabecular meshwork cells. Curr Eye Res 2008; 33:849-56. [PMID: 18853318 DOI: 10.1080/02713680802429210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the ultrastructural and fluid flow characteristics of cultured trabecular meshwork (TM) cells derived from fetal sources. METHODS Fetal eyes were carefully dissected to isolate the developing TM tissue for culture. Immunostaining was used to assess the expression of the junction-associated proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Fetal and adult TM cells were grown to confluence on permeable membranes for both flow and ultrastructural studies. Fluid flow resistance was measured by permeation of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) activity and hydraulic conductivity (HC) experiments. The effects of dexamethasone (Dex) on permeability and HC were also evaluated. RESULTS ZO-1 and occludin are expressed in the TM region of tissue sections and at cell borders in cultured fetal and adult TM cells. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that cultured TM cells possessed numerous mitochondria, electron-dense bodies, surface microvilli, and adherens and gap junctions. The permeation of hrp across fetal TM cell monolayers (0.030 +/- 0.010) and of adult TM cells (0.031 +/- 0.010) had similar values for absorbance at 470 nm (p = 0.83, 95% CI: -0.004, 0.005). Dex treatment significantly reduced the permeability to 0.022 +/- 0.008 (p = 0.002) and 0.018 +/- 0.009 (p = 0.004) for fetal and adult TM cells, respectively. The average HC (microl/min/mmHg/cm(2)) of fetal cells (2.78 +/- 1.03) and of the adult cells (2.15 +/- 1.31) was not significantly different (p = 0.24, 95% CI: -1.01, 0.26). Dex treatment significantly reduced HC in both fetal (1.24 +/- 0.72, p = 0.0004) and adult (1.29 +/- 0.29, p = 0.00001) TM. CONCLUSIONS Cultured fetal TM cells exhibited similar expression of junctional proteins and ultrastructural features as their adult counterparts. The permeability and HC of the fetal cells were similar to their older adult counterparts. Dex treatment induced increased fluid flow resistance in both cell types. These cells may serve as a source for in vitro studies of meshwork physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- On-Tat Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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McCarty MF. Primary open-angle glaucoma may be a hyaluronic acid deficiency disease: potential for glucosamine in prevention and therapy. Med Hypotheses 1998; 51:483-4. [PMID: 10052867 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(98)90068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pang IH, Shade DL, Clark AF, Steely HT, DeSantis L. Preliminary characterization of a transformed cell strain derived from human trabecular meshwork. Curr Eye Res 1994; 13:51-63. [PMID: 8156826 DOI: 10.3109/02713689409042398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cells isolated from the trabecular meshwork (TM) of a male glaucoma patient were transformed by transfection with an origin defective mutant of SV40 virus. Transformation dramatically increased the growth rate of these cells (designated HTM-3 cells), allowing biochemical and pharmacological characterization. The HTM-3 cells had cytoskeletal components that were reported to be present in TM tissue and non-transformed TM cells. Vimentin, tubulin and smooth muscle specific alpha-actin, but not desmin, were localized in these cells by immunocytochemistry. The extracellular matrix components collagen types I, III and IV, fibronectin and laminin were found in HTM-3 cells as well as their non-transformed parental cells. As predicted, the protein profile of the HTM-3 cells revealed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was different from that of the non-transformed cells, probably due to the enhanced growth characteristics of these cells. Furthermore, HTM-3 cells had various intracellular second messenger systems that responded to pharmacological agents. Forskolin, prostaglandin E2, beta-adrenergic and adenosine A2 agonists stimulated the adenylyl cyclase in these cells, whereas muscarinic, serotonergic, dopaminergic and other agonists were ineffective. Sodium nitroprusside increased the intracellular concentration of cGMP, demonstrating the presence of a functional guanylyl cyclase. Phospholipase C activity in these cells was also detected. Muscarinic agonists, histamine and bradykinin, but not adrenergic, serotonergic agonists or prostaglandins, increased phosphoinositide turnover. These drug responses of HTM-3 cells agree with published data on primary TM cells and TM tissues, suggesting that the transformed cells may be a valid substitute for certain pharmacological studies of TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Pang
- Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX 76134
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