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Liu L, Tuo S, Zhang J, Zuo L, Liu F, Hao L, Sun Y, Yang L, Shao H, Qi W, Zhou X, Ge S. Reduction of left ventricular longitudinal global and segmental systolic functions in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Study of two-dimensional tissue motion annular displacement. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1457-1464. [PMID: 24926326 PMCID: PMC4043569 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of abnormal left ventricular systolic functions in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to identify a novel method for the assessment of left ventricular systolic function in patients with HCM. A total of 65 patients with HCM were included in this study. The patients were divided into obstructive HCM (HOCM; 16 cases) and non-obstructive HCM (NOHCM; 49 cases) groups. The healthy control group comprised 48 participants. Two-dimensional (2D) speckle-tracking technology was used to measure the left ventricular global and segmental longitudinal strains and mitral annular displacement (MADs). Compared with healthy control group, the six segmental strains and the global strain of the left ventricle (LSglobal) increased while six segmental MADs and MADglobal of the mitral annulus decreased in the HOCM and NOHCM groups (P<0.05). In addition, the six segmental MADs of the mitral annulus were significantly negatively correlated with the six segmental strains of the left ventricle (r=−0.744 to −0.647, P<0.001). MADglobal was significantly negatively correlated with LSglobal (r=−0.857, P<0.001). The tissue motion annular displacement (TMAD) at the midpoint was significantly negatively correlated with LSglobal (r=−0.871, P<0.001). The 2D TMAD technique of measuring MAD was feasible and practically approachable for rapidly evaluating the left ventricular longitudinal global and segmental systolic functions of patients with HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Shengjun Tuo
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China ; Department of Ultrasound, Yan'an People's Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Jianlei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China ; Department of Ultrasound, Yan'an People's Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zuo
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lili Hao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yandan Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA
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Aziz F, Tk LA, Enweluzo C, Dutta S, Zaeem M. Diastolic heart failure: a concise review. J Clin Med Res 2013; 5:327-34. [PMID: 23986796 PMCID: PMC3748656 DOI: 10.4021/jocmr1532w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of “diastolic” heart failure grew out of the
observation that many patients who have the symptoms and signs of heart failure
had an apparently normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. Thus it was
assumed that since systolic function was “preserved” the problem
must lie in diastole, although it is not clear by whom or when this assumption
was made. Nevertheless, many guidelines followed on how to diagnose
“diastolic” heart failure backed up by indicators of diastolic
dysfunction derived from Doppler echoardiography. Diastolic heart failure is
associated with a lower annual mortality rate of approximately 8% as compared to
annual mortality of 19% in heart failure with systolic dysfunction, however,
morbidity rate can be substantial. Thus, diastolic heart failure is an important
clinical disorder mainly seen in the elderly patients with hypertensive heart
disease. Early recognition and appropriate therapy of diastolic dysfunction is
advisable to prevent further progression to diastolic heart failure and death.
There is no specific therapy to improve LV diastolic function directly. Medical
therapy of diastolic dysfunction is often empirical and lacks clear-cut
pathophysiologic concepts. Nevertheless, there is growing evidence that calcium
channel blockers, beta-blockers, ACE-inhibitors and ARB as well as nitric oxide
donors can be beneficial. Treatment of the underlying disease is currently the
most important therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Aziz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hospital Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Yoneda Y, Suwa M, Hanada H, Hirota Y, Kawamura K. Noninvasive detection of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction using M-mode echocardiography to assess left ventricular posterior wall kinetics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1992; 70:1583-8. [PMID: 1466327 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(92)90461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC), it is difficult to determine the severity of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. Three different patterns of LV posterior wall motion were found by M-mode echocardiography in patients with HC, and the use of these patterns is proposed as a new noninvasive index of the severity of LV diastolic dysfunction. M-mode echocardiograms were recorded prospectively from 35 patients with HC, and the posterior wall motion pattern in late systole and early diastole was classified into the following 3 types: (1) normal motion (n = 9); (2) flat motion--flat motion from late systole to early diastole, followed by rapid backward movement (n = 13); and (3) downward motion--slow backward movement from late systole (n = 13). There were no differences in the severity or type of hypertrophy, LV systolic function and pulsed Doppler indexes of LV filling among these 3 groups. However, LV end-diastolic pressure was increased in the groups with flat (15 +/- 6 mm Hg) and downward (16 +/- 9 mm Hg) motion. Furthermore, the maximal rate of decrease in LV pressure (normal 1,450 +/- 300, flat 1,250 +/- 300 and downward 860 +/- 80 mm Hg/s) and the time constant of LV pressure reduction (normal 60 +/- 15, flat 70 +/- 25 and downward 101 +/- 34 ms) showed a stepwise deterioration from the normal to the flat and then to the downward motion groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoneda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Japan
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Bright JM, Golden AL, Gompf RE, Walker MA, Toal RL. Evaluation of the calcium channel-blocking agents diltiazem and verapamil for treatment of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 1991; 5:272-82. [PMID: 1836234 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1991.tb03134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the efficacy of and clinical response to several pharmacologic agents for treatment of idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats, 17 symptomatic cats were randomized to treatment with either propranolol, diltiazem, or verapamil. Clinical, laboratory, radiographic, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic data were obtained before treatment and after 3 and 6 months of chronic oral therapy. Too few of the cats receiving propranolol or verapamil survived long enough to obtain long-term data needed to make statistical comparisons between groups. However, all 12 cats ultimately treated with diltiazem became asymptomatic, and no adverse effects from this drug were noted in any of these cats. Treatment with diltiazem was associated with a significant reduction of pulmonary congestion assessed radiographically (P less than 0.01), and improved ventricular filling based on echocardiographic measurements of left atrial size (P less than 0.05), left ventricular internal diastolic dimension (P less than 0.05), and relaxation time index (P less than 0.001). There was also a drug-related improvement in jugular venous oxygen tension (P less than 0.001) and blood lactate concentration (P less than 0.01) suggesting improved peripheral perfusion in the cats receiving diltiazem. The results indicate that diltiazem provides an effective and apparently safe treatment for the management of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bright
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville 37901-1071
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