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Spagnolo DV, Taylor J, Carrello S, Saueracker E, Kay PH. Southern blot analysis of lymphoproliferative disorders: use and limitations in routine surgical pathology. Pathology 1994; 26:268-75. [PMID: 7991281 DOI: 10.1080/00313029400169621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Antigen receptor gene rearrangement studies are a sensitive means of determining lineage and clonality in lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) which remain difficult to classify after assessment of morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). This study investigates the utility of genotyping LPDs in a surgical pathology laboratory servicing a large teaching hospital. Ninety-eight specimens with detailed frozen (FS) and/or paraffin section IHC were studied, including 65 B-cell lymphomas, 14 T-cell lymphomas, 2 biopsies of T-zone dysplasia, one unclassifiable lymphoma, 8 Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 8 reactive nodes. Southern blotting (SB) was performed on tumor and control DNA cleaved with restriction enzymes EcoR1, Hind III and BamH1, using radiolabelled probes for the immunoglobulin heavy chain joining region, constant regions of kappa and lambda light chains, and the constant region of the T-cell receptor beta chain. All reactive nodes and those harbouring HD and DNA in the germline configuration, apart from JH rearrangement in one case each of HD and florid reactive hyperplasia. Of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), 17% did not reveal clonal rearrangements (11% B-NHL; 44% T-NHL). Most of the negative results could be explained by sampling error in partially involved nodes, highly polymorphous infiltrates where the neoplastic population may have been below the 1% threshold detectable by SB, and instances of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. After accounting for these cases, a 5% negative rate of genoclonality remained (3% B-NHL; 13% T-NHL). In the majority of NHL (95%), the diagnosis could be established on the basis of morphology and/or IHC alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Spagnolo
- Department of Histopathology and Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia
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2
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Murakami T, Ohyashiki K, Ohyashiki JH, Kawakubo K, Tauchi T, Nakazawa S, Kimura N, Toyama K. Cytogenetic and immunogenotypic alterations of blast crisis cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia independently linked to immunophenotypic expression. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1994; 72:48-54. [PMID: 8111739 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)90109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a disease of the hematopoietic stem cells, which can differentiate into either B-lymphoid or myeloid cells, because most of them develop either lymphoid or myeloid blast crisis. Immunophenotypic, genotypic, and cytogenetic analyses of 22 patients (24 episodes) with Philadelphia (Ph) positive CML in blast crisis were performed to determine the genetic alterations of the blast crisis cells. In B-lymphoid blast crisis, all the five patients had immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) rearrangements and most of them showed normal karyotypes. Among the five patients, T-cell receptor (TCR) genes were rearranged at the following occurrence rates: 20% in TCR-beta, 60% in TCR-gamma, and 40% in TCR-delta chain genes. A high incidence of additional chromosome changes was noted in patients with B-lymphoid/myeloid-mixed blast crisis, but about 80% of them had rearranged IgH and about 40% had TCR rearrangements. In contrast, most of the patients with non-lymphoid blast crisis showed further chromosomal abnormalities, including +8, +19, i(17q), and double Ph, and most of them had germline configurations of IgH and TCR-gamma chain genes. Notably, only one patient (dual lymphoid and myelomegakaryoblast crisis) in this group exhibited IgH rearrangement, and TCR-beta and TCR-delta rearrangements were also rarely noted. Rearrangement of the IgH gene in CML blast crisis might be linked to expression of lymphoid markers, especially CD19.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Blast Crisis
- Blotting, Southern
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Banding
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- T Murakami
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical College, Japan
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3
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Incidence, Biologic Features and Treatment Outcome of Myeloid-Antigen-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (My + ALL). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-78350-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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4
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Alexander B, Berger R, Day LM, Hogarth PM, Feneziani A, Cook WD. Tumor-associated karyotypic lesions coselected with in vitro macrophage differentiation. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1992; 5:286-98. [PMID: 1283317 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cytogenetic lesions in chromosomes 2, 5, 12, and 16 have been repeatedly coselected with in vitro macrophage differentiation in a clonal murine thymic tumor cell line. Parental-type subclones, which show an extremely immature hemopoietic phenotype, do not carry the aberrations. The frequency of the stable differentiated variants is elevated by 5-azacytidine and bromodeoxyuridine, consistent with chromosome breakage being responsible for the phenotype. The frequency is also raised by dexamethasone. Since variants are 300-3,000-fold more resistant to dexamethasone than parental clones, we interpret this to be largely due to selection. Three of the lesions, on chromosome 2, match those previously described as associated specifically with in vivo-generated murine myeloid tumors, induced by X irradiation and corticosteroid treatment. Several implications follow from these observations. (1) In vitro differentiation in clonal tumor cell lines can be used to select for tumor-associated lesions. This should allow genetic and molecular analysis of the chromosome 2 lesions and of others that may pinpoint genes critical to macrophage differentiation and transformation. (2) Myeloid and lymphoid tumors that occur in response to X irradiation may diverge from a common initiating tumor. (3) The hemopoietic lineage switch phenomenon, previously described by several authors, may be caused by similar or identical chromosome aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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5
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Hara J, Kawa-Ha K. T-cell receptor alpha and delta gene assembly in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 1992; 7:363-70. [PMID: 1493438 DOI: 10.3109/10428199209049792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The status of the TCR-alpha/delta genes in B-precursor ALL and the rearrangement patterns of these gene loci are discussed in this review. Although most of these rearrangements have been characterized, some still remain to be clarified. Almost all rearrangements of the TCRs in B-precursor ALL are incomplete and may reflect early recombinational steps during the TCR differentiation processes in normal T-lineage cells. In addition, even in T-cell malignancies, it is rarely possible to obtain clonal cell populations with TCR rearrangements arrested in very early recombinational steps. Therefore, studies of these as yet uncharacterized rearrangements may lead to the discovery of additional gene segments playing important roles in the TCR recombinational processes and may provide useful information for understanding the processes of T-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hara
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
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6
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van Dongen JJ, Wolvers-Tettero IL. Analysis of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. Part II: Possibilities and limitations in the diagnosis and management of lymphoproliferative diseases and related disorders. Clin Chim Acta 1991; 198:93-174. [PMID: 1863986 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(91)90247-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Dijkzigt/Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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van Dongen JJ, Wolvers-Tettero IL. Analysis of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. Part I: Basic and technical aspects. Clin Chim Acta 1991; 198:1-91. [PMID: 1863985 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(91)90246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Dijkzigt/Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Biochemical, Immunological, and Molecular Markers of Hemopoietic Precursor Cells. BLOOD CELL BIOCHEMISTRY 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3796-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Ludwig WD, Thiel E, Köller U, Bartram CR, Harbott J, Teichmann JV, Seibt-Jung H, Creutzig U, Ritter J, Riehm H. Incidence and clinical implications of acute hybrid leukemia in childhood. HAEMATOLOGY AND BLOOD TRANSFUSION 1990; 33:516-22. [PMID: 2323652 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-74643-7_93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W D Ludwig
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Klinikum Steglitz, Berlin, FRG
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10
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Serke S, Stein H, Anagnostopoulos I, Schmidt C, Neubauer A, Siebert W, Huhn D. Acute leukaemia with B- and T-lymphoid and myeloid characteristics in a patient with a myelodysplastic syndrome. Br J Haematol 1989; 72:110-1. [PMID: 2736236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1989.tb07663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Serke
- Universitätsklinikum R. Virchow-Charlottenburg, Innere Medizin, Freie Universität Berlin
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11
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Leber BF, Amlot P, Hoffbrand AV, Norton JD. T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: correlation with methylation and expression. Leuk Res 1989; 13:473-81. [PMID: 2788782 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(89)90169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two of 19 B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were found to have clonally rearranged T-cell receptor (TCR) beta chain genes with a germline TCR-gamma gene configuration. The inappropriate rearrangements had a similar structure to the TCR-beta rearrangements described in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. All cases analysed displayed a consistent germline transcription of TCR-beta and alpha chain genes which was independent of rearrangement. Consistent with this, all cases showed some degree of hypomethylation of the TCR-beta chain locus similar though distinguishable from the pattern seen in mature T cells, but quite different from that seen in normal mature B cells. Taken together, these data suggest that most NHL's arise from an immature B-lymphocyte precursor at a stage of differentiation where lineage commitment is incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Leber
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free Hospital, School of Medicine, Hampstead, London, U.K
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12
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Tawa A, Kawa-Ha K, Ishihara S, Yumura-Yagi K, Terada N, Murata M, Izumi Y, Yabuuchi H. T-cell receptor beta-chain gene expression in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Jpn J Cancer Res 1988; 79:359-64. [PMID: 3131284 PMCID: PMC5917486 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1988.tb01599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The T-cell receptor beta-chain (T beta) gene expression was examined in 16 children with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), including eight patients with rearrangement of the T beta gene as well as immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain gene rearrangement. In contrast to the 1.3 kb full-length transcripts of the T beta observed in T-lineage leukemia and lymphoma cells, no transcript of the T beta gene was detected in 10 patients, including four with T beta gene rearrangement. Low levels of T beta transcripts were found in three patients with T beta gene rearrangement and two patients without T beta gene rearrangement, but those transcripts were truncated. In contrast to those findings, a single patient with T beta gene rearrangement showed abundant 1.3 kb T beta transcripts. These data indicate that T beta gene expression is not restricted to T-lineage cells and demonstrate the heterogeneity of B-lineage ALL at the expression level of the T beta gene. Our findings also suggest that T beta gene expression is not always accompanied with T beta gene rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University School of Medicine
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13
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Abstract
In recent years immunophenotyping and analysis of clonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin and T-cell antigen receptor genes have proved valuable for the diagnosis and classification of leukaemia. These techniques aid in the assignment of cell lineage in cases of acute leukaemia in which the standard FAB criteria of morphology and cytochemistry do not reveal clear lymphoid or myeloid phenotype. These new techniques have also revealed that the leukaemic blasts in a sizable minority of otherwise typical cases of acute leukaemia express 'inappropriate' lineage-associated markers and have been termed mixed acute leukaemias. The spectrum of characteristics encompassed by mixed acute leukaemias ranges from fairly common cases expressing one or two inappropriate markers to the more extreme, rare cases of acute leukaemia termed 'hybrid' in which a truly scrambled picture is seen. A subgroup of these mixed cases have two distinct populations of blasts, e.g. one lymphoid and the other myeloid. These observations raise a number of issues about the cell of origin of these leukaemias and about the mechanisms controlling the developmental regulation of expression of different lineage-associated markers. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that inappropriate expression of markers may identify sub-groups of both acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukaemia with an inferior prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Hoffbrand
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK
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14
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Oster W, König K, Ludwig WD, Ganser A, Lindemann A, Mertelsmann R, Herrmann F. Incidence of lineage promiscuity in acute myeloblastic leukemia: diagnostic implications of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement analysis and immunological phenotyping. Leuk Res 1988; 12:887-95. [PMID: 2851073 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(88)90015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-nine blood or bone marrow samples from both children and adults with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) were investigated to elucidate the frequency of immunoglobulin (IG) and T-cell receptor (TCR)-gene rearrangements. Non-germline configuration for the IG heavy chain (h) gene was detected in the specimens of nine patients of various subtypes according to the French-American-British classification (FAB), including FAB M1, M2, M4 and M5. Rearrangement of the IG kappa chain (k) gene was present in one of these cases which simultaneously revealed a rearranged TCR-beta (b) chain gene. In another two AML samples we found TCR-b gene rearrangements, in one case in combination with an IG-h gene rearrangement. IG-h gene rearrangements were detected in 10 cases, in one case in conjunction with an IG-kappa (k) and TCR-b gene rearrangement. A highly significant correlation between the occurrence of DNA rearrangements of the IG-h locus and nuclear staining with the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and surface expression of the CD 19 and CD 34 antigen could be identified: all 10 TdT positive AML samples rearranged IG-h. Similarly, six out of 69 AML samples exhibited surface expression of CD 19, five of these in combination with CD 34 and all of them rearranged the IG-h gene. The one leukemia with TCR-b gene rearrangement only was TdT positive as well, but did not express CD 19 or CD 34. We conclude that IG-h gene is rearranged in a substantial proportion of AML, strongly associated with a specific immunophenotype (TdT+, CD19+, CD34+), whereas TCR-b gene rearrangement appears more rarely. No positive correlation between occurrence of IG-h and TCR-b gene-rearrangements and one AML FAB-subtype was found, although a clustering of M1 and M4 FAB subtypes in the AML group showing reconstructed IG-h gene became evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Oster
- Department of Hematology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
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