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Yuan P, Chen Z, Xu M, Cai W, Liu Z, Sun D. Microbial cell factories using Paenibacillus: status and perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38105503 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2289342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Considered a "Generally Recognized As Safe" (GRAS) bacterium, the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Paenibacillus has been widely applied in: agriculture, medicine, industry, and environmental remediation. Paenibacillus species not only accelerate plant growth and degrade toxic substances in wastewater and soil but also produce industrially-relevant enzymes and antimicrobial peptides. Due to a lack of genetic manipulation tools and methods, exploitation of the bioresources of naturally isolated Paenibacillus species has long been limited. Genetic manipulation tools and methods continue to improve in Paenibacillus, such as shuttle plasmids, promoters, and genetic tools of CRISPR. Furthermore, genetic transformation systems develop gradually, including: penicillin-mediated transformation, electroporation, and magnesium amino acid-mediated transformation. As genetic manipulation methods of homologous recombination and CRISPR-mediated editing system have developed gradually, Paenibacillus has come to be regarded as a promising microbial chassis for biomanufacturing, expanding its application scope, such as: industrial enzymes, bioremediation and bioadsorption, surfactants, and antibacterial agents. In this review, we describe the applications of Paenibacillus bioproducts, and then discuss recent advances and future challenges in the development of genetic manipulation systems in this genus. This work highlights the potential of Paenibacillus as a new microbial chassis for mining bioresources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panhong Yuan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengtao Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhizhi Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongchang Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Shen M, Chen Z, Mao X, Wang L, Liang J, Huo Q, Yin X, Qiu J, Sun D. Two different restriction-modification systems for degrading exogenous DNA in Paenibacillus polymyxa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:927-932. [PMID: 30224061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Accompanied by benefits from horizontally transferred genes, bacteria have to face the risk of the invasion of dangerous genes. Bacteria often use the restriction-modification (R-M) system, which is consisted of methyl transferase (MEase) and restrictase (REase), to protect self-DNA and defend against foreign DNA. Paenibacillus polymyxa, widely used as growth promoting rhizobacteria in agriculture, can also produce compounds of medical and industrial interests. It is unclear whether R-M systems exist in P. polymyxa. In this study, we used a shuttle plasmid with epigenetic modification from different bacteria to explore R-M systems in P. polymyxa. We found that DNA which is methylated by DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) in E. coli was strongly restricted, indicating the presence of a Dam-methylation-dependent R-M system in P. polymyxa. Whereas, DNA from a dam-E. coli strain was also moderately restricted, indicating the presence of a Dam-methylation-independent R-M system. Degradation of plasmid DNA with Dam methylation by cell-free protein extract of P. polymyxa provides additional evidence for the presence of Dam-methylation-dependent R-M system. Taken together, our work showed that there are two different types of R-M system in P. polymyxa, providing a foundation for the study of innate immunity in P. polymyxa and for the development of genetic engineering tools in P. polymyxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjia Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Ziyan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xudan Mao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jingyi Liang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Qingyuan Huo
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Juanping Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Dongchang Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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Røder HL, Herschend J, Russel J, Andersen MF, Madsen JS, Sørensen SJ, Burmølle M. Enhanced bacterial mutualism through an evolved biofilm phenotype. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2608-2618. [PMID: 29977009 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities primarily consist of multiple species that affect one another's fitness both directly and indirectly. This study showed that the cocultivation of Paenibacillus amylolyticus and Xanthomonas retroflexus exhibited facultative mutualistic interactions in a static environment, during the course of which a new adapted phenotypic variant of X. retroflexus appeared. Although the emergence of this variant was not directly linked to the presence of P. amylolyticus, its establishment in the coculture enhanced the productivity of both species due to mutations that stimulated biofilm formation. The mutations were detected in genes encoding a diguanylate cyclase predicted to synthesise cyclic-di-GMP. Examinations of the biofilm formed in cocultures of P. amylolyticus and the new variant of X. retroflexus revealed a distinct spatial organisation: P. amylolyticus only resided in biofilms in association with X. retroflexus and occupied the outer layers. The X. retroflexus variant therefore facilitated increased P. amylolyticus growth as it produced more biofilm biomass. The increase in X. retroflexus biomass was thus not at the expense of P. amylolyticus, demonstrating that interspecies interactions can shape diversification in a mutualistic coculture and reinforce these interactions, ultimately resulting in enhanced communal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette L Røder
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jakob Herschend
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jakob Russel
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Michala F Andersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jonas S Madsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mette Burmølle
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Hua Z, Wu C, Fan G, Tang Z, Cao F. The antibacterial activity and mechanism of ginkgolic acid C15:1. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:5. [PMID: 28088196 PMCID: PMC5237537 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the antibacterial activity and underlying mechanisms of ginkgolic acid (GA) C15:1 monomer using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled bacteria strains. RESULTS GA presented significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria but generally did not affect the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. The studies of the antibacterial mechanism indicated that large amounts of GA (C15:1) could penetrate GFP-labeled Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a short period of time, and as a result, led to the quenching of GFP in bacteria. In vitro results demonstrated that GA (C15:1) could inhibit the activity of multiple proteins including DNA polymerase. In vivo results showed that GA (C15:1) could significantly inhibit the biosynthesis of DNA, RNA and B. amyloliquefaciens proteins. CONCLUSION We speculated that GA (C15:1) achieved its antibacterial effect through inhibiting the protein activity of B. amyloliquefaciens. GA (C15:1) could not penetrate Gram-negative bacteria in large amounts, and the lipid soluble components in the bacterial cell wall could intercept GA (C15:1), which was one of the primary reasons that GA (C15:1) did not have a significant antibacterial effect on Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhebin Hua
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Caie Wu
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Gongjian Fan
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Zhenxing Tang
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
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Brito LF, Irla M, Walter T, Wendisch VF. Magnesium aminoclay-based transformation of Paenibacillus riograndensis and Paenibacillus polymyxa and development of tools for gene expression. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:735-747. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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How to transform a recalcitrant Paenibacillus strain: From culture medium to restriction barrier. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 131:135-143. [PMID: 27780731 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Paenibacillus riograndensis SBR5T is a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from the wheat rhizosphere. Its recalcitrance to genetic manipulation is a major bottleneck for molecular studies, as has been reported for other Paenibacillus environmental isolates. An efficient electroporation protocol was established by evaluating diverse parameters and optimizing the culture medium, culture growth phase, electroporation solution, recovery medium, DNA input, and electric field strength. Efficiencies of approximately 2.8×104transformantsμg-1 of plasmid DNA were obtained. The optimized protocol was tested with other Paenibacillus species, and the relevance of bypassing the restriction DNA defense system to transform Paenibacillus was highlighted. This protocol is the tool needed to deepen molecular studies with this strain and will aid in the manipulation of other new environmental isolates that also exhibit recalcitrant transformation difficulties.
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Li B, Li Q, Xu Z, Zhang N, Shen Q, Zhang R. Responses of beneficial Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 to different soilborne fungal pathogens through the alteration of antifungal compounds production. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:636. [PMID: 25484880 PMCID: PMC4240174 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 exhibited predominantly antagonistic activities against a broad range of soilborne pathogens. The fungi-induced SQR9 extracts possess stronger antifungal activities compared with SQR9 monoculture extracts. To investigate how SQR9 fine-tunes lipopeptides (LPs) and a siderophore bacillibactin production to control different fungal pathogens, LPs and bacillibactin production and transcription of the respective encoding genes in SQR9 were measured and compared with six different soilborne fungal pathogens. SQR9 altered its spectrum of antifungal compounds production responding to different fungal pathogen. Bacillomycin D was the major LP produced when SQR9 was confronted with Fusarium oxysporum. Fengycin contributed to the antagonistic activity against Verticillium dahliae kleb, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Phytophthora parasitica. Surfactin participated in the antagonistic process against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium solani. Bacillibactin was up-regulated when SQR9 was confronted with all tested fungi. The reduction in antagonistic activities of three LP and bacillibactin deficient mutants of SQR9 when confronted with the six soilborne fungal pathogens provided further evidence of the contribution of LPs and bacillibactin in controlling fungal pathogens. These results provide a new understanding of specific cues in bacteria-fungi interactions and provide insights for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Ruifu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China ; Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China
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8
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Contribution of bacillomycin D in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 to antifungal activity and biofilm formation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 79:808-15. [PMID: 23160135 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02645-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains are capable of suppressing soilborne pathogens through the secretion of an array of lipopeptides and root colonization, and biofilm formation ability is considered a prerequisite for efficient root colonization. In this study, we report that one of the lipopeptide compounds (bacillomycin D) produced by the rhizosphere strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 not only plays a vital role in the antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum but also affects the expression of the genes involved in biofilm formation. When the bacillomycin D and fengycin synthesis pathways were individually disrupted, mutant SQR9M1, which was deficient in the production of bacillomycin D, only showed minor antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum, but another mutant, SQR9M2, which was deficient in production of fengycin, showed antagonistic activity equivalent to that of the wild-type strain of B. amyloliquefaciens SQR9. The results from in vitro, root in situ, and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR studies demonstrated that bacillomycin D contributes to the establishment of biofilms. Interestingly, the addition of bacillomycin D could significantly increase the expression levels of kinC gene, but KinC activation is not triggered by leaking of potassium. These findings suggest that bacillomycin D contributes not only to biocontrol activity but also to biofilm formation in strain B. amyloliquefaciens SQR9.
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9
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Murray KD, Aronstein KA. Transformation of the Gram-positive honey bee pathogen, Paenibacillus larvae, by electroporation. J Microbiol Methods 2008; 75:325-8. [PMID: 18687369 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study we developed an electrotransformation method for use with the Gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus larvae-a deadly pathogen of honey bees. Combining multiple Bacillus electrotransformation methods to generate an initial protocol, we then optimized the following parameters for use with P. larvae: cell density of culture at harvest time, contents of the washing/electroporation solution, field strength of the electrical pulse, recovery growth medium, and recovery time period. With the optimized method, we achieved an average transformation efficiency of 1.9x10(5) transformants/mug DNA. The method is substantially different from the only other electrotransformation method for a Paenibacillus species found in the literature. This work should facilitate the study of the several previously discovered natural plasmids of P. larvae, and is a step toward developing a genetic system for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Daniel Murray
- USDA-ARS, Honey Bee Research Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Center, 2413 E. Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, United States.
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Li J, Beatty PK, Shah S, Jensen SE. Use of PCR-targeted mutagenesis to disrupt production of fusaricidin-type antifungal antibiotics in Paenibacillus polymyxa. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:3480-9. [PMID: 17400768 PMCID: PMC1932668 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02662-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus polymyxa (formerly Bacillus polymyxa) PKB1 has been identified as a potential agent for biocontrol of blackleg disease of canola, caused by the pathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans. The factors presumed to contribute to disease suppression by strain PKB1 include the production of fusaricidin-type antifungal metabolites that appear around the onset of bacterial sporulation. The fusaricidins are a family of lipopeptide antibiotics consisting of a beta-hydroxy fatty acid linked to a cyclic hexapeptide. Using a reverse genetic approach based on conserved motifs of nonribosomal peptide synthetases, a DNA fragment that appears to encode the first two modules of the putative fusaricidin synthetase (fusA) was isolated from PKB1. To confirm the involvement of fusA in production of fusaricidins, a modified PCR targeting mutagenesis protocol was developed to create a fusA mutation in PKB1. A DNA fragment internal to fusA was replaced by a gene disruption cassette containing two antibiotic resistance genes for independent selection of apramycin resistance in Escherichia coli and chloramphenicol resistance in P. polymyxa. Inclusion of an oriT site in the disruption cassette allowed efficient transfer of the inactivated fusA allele to P. polymyxa by intergeneric conjugation. Targeted disruption of fusA led to the complete loss of antifungal activity against L. maculans, suggesting that fusA plays an essential role in the nonribosomal synthesis of fusaricidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
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11
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Timmusk S, Grantcharova N, Wagner EGH. Paenibacillus polymyxa invades plant roots and forms biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:7292-300. [PMID: 16269771 PMCID: PMC1287669 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.11.7292-7300.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus polymyxa is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium with a broad host range, but so far the use of this organism as a biocontrol agent has not been very efficient. In previous work we showed that this bacterium protects Arabidopsis thaliana against pathogens and abiotic stress (S. Timmusk and E. G. H. Wagner, Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 12:951-959, 1999; S. Timmusk, P. van West, N. A. R. Gow, and E. G. H. Wagner, p. 1-28, in Mechanism of action of the plant growth promoting bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa, 2003). Here, we studied colonization of plant roots by a natural isolate of P. polymyxa which had been tagged with a plasmid-borne gfp gene. Fluorescence microscopy and electron scanning microscopy indicated that the bacteria colonized predominantly the root tip, where they formed biofilms. Accumulation of bacteria was observed in the intercellular spaces outside the vascular cylinder. Systemic spreading did not occur, as indicated by the absence of bacteria in aerial tissues. Studies were performed in both a gnotobiotic system and a soil system. The fact that similar observations were made in both systems suggests that colonization by this bacterium can be studied in a more defined system. Problems associated with green fluorescent protein tagging of natural isolates and deleterious effects of the plant growth-promoting bacteria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salme Timmusk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 596, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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von der Weid I, Artursson V, Seldin L, Jansson JK. Antifungal and Root Surface Colonization Properties of GFP-Tagged Paenibacillus brasilensis PB177. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-005-8123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Seldin L, de Azevedo FS, Alviano DS, Alviano CS, de Freire Bastos MC. Inhibitory activity of Paenibacillus polymyxa SCE2 against human pathogenic micro-organisms. Lett Appl Microbiol 1999; 28:423-7. [PMID: 10389257 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Paenibacillus polymyxa strain SCE2 was shown to inhibit the growth of different potential human pathogenic bacterial strains and fungi in vitro. To determine the genetic characterization of this antimicrobial substance, strain SCE2 was transformed with plasmid pTV32(Ts), a delivery vector for Tn917-lac. After transposition, four mutants were shown to have lost their capability to inhibit Micrococcus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus RN450, but they continued to inhibit the growth of Corynebacterium fimi NCTC7547 and Escherichia coli HB101. Hybridization experiments using the DNA of the four mutants digested with different endonucleases and pTV32(Ts) as a probe showed that the place of insertion of Tn917-lac in the chromosome was the same in mutants 4 and 36 and in mutants 31 and 59, but different between these pairs. It is thought possible that more than one antimicrobial substance is being produced by strain SCE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Seldin
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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14
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Balkwill DL, Reeves RH, Drake GR, Reeves JY, Crocker FH, King MB, Boone DR. Phylogenetic characterization of bacteria in the subsurface microbial culture collection. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1997; 20:201-16. [PMID: 9299704 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Subsurface Microbial Culture Collection (SMCC) was established by the U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE) and contains nearly 10,000 strains of microorganisms (mostly bacteria) isolated from terrestrial subsurface environments. Selected groups of bacterial isolates from three sample sites situated above geochemically and hydrologically different subsurface environments have been characterized by phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene nucleotide sequences. Among these isolates were members of six major phylogenetic groups of bacteria: the high-G+C and low-G+C Gram-positive bacteria; the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-subdivisions of the Proteobacteria; and the Flexibacter/Cytophaga/Bacteroides group. A small number of the SMCC strains may be members of new bacterial genera, but most of them could be placed with reasonable confidence into more than 35 previously described genera. The majority of the Gram-positive isolates were species of Arthrobacter, Bacillus, or Streptococcus, whereas Acinetobacter, Comamonas, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Variovorax were among the most frequently encountered Gram-negative genera. A high proportion of the strains were placed in fewer than 10 genera, implying that there is substantial duplication within the SMCC at the genus level. When groups of isolates assigned to Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, or Sphingomonas were analyzed in more detail, however, it was found that each group consisted of subgroups of strains that probably differed at the species level. Restriction endonuclease analysis (applied to the strains from one sample site) indicated that additional diversity was present at the strain level. Most of the SMCC isolates assigned to some genera (e.g., Acinetobacter) were very closely related to previously described species in those genera, but most of the isolates assigned to other genera (e.g., Arthrobacter and Sphingomonas) appeared (or were shown) to be new species, thereby indicating that a reasonable amount of novelty is present within the SMCC at the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Balkwill
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-3043, USA.
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15
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Short communication: Construction of a cloning vector for Paenibacillus polymyxa and P. azotofixans. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1996; 12:647-9. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00327731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/18/1996] [Accepted: 04/01/1996] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Rosado A, Seldin L, Wolters A, Elsas J. Quantitative 16S rDNA-targeted polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide hybridization for the detection of Paenibacillus azotofixans in soil and the wheat rhizosphere. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1996.tb00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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