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Physical Meanings of Fractal Behaviors of Water in Aqueous and Biological Systems with Open-Ended Coaxial Electrodes. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19112606. [PMID: 31181722 PMCID: PMC6604069 DOI: 10.3390/s19112606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of a hydrogen bonding network (HBN) relating to macroscopic properties of hydrogen bonding liquids were observed as a significant relaxation process by dielectric spectroscopy measurements. In the cases of water and water rich mixtures including biological systems, a GHz frequency relaxation process appearing at around 20 GHz with the relaxation time of 8.2 ps is generally observed at 25 °C. The GHz frequency process can be explained as a rate process of exchanges in hydrogen bond (HB) and the rate becomes higher with increasing HB density. In the present work, this study analyzed the GHz frequency process observed by suitable open-ended coaxial electrodes, and physical meanings of the fractal nature of water structures were clarified in various aqueous systems. Dynamic behaviors of HBN were characterized by a combination of the average relaxation time and the distribution of the relaxation time. This fractal analysis offered an available approach to both solution and dispersion systems with characterization of the aggregation or dispersion state of water molecules. In the case of polymer-water mixtures, the HBN and polymer networks penetrate each other, however, the HBN were segmented and isolated more by dispersed and aggregated particles in the case of dispersion systems. These HBN fragments were characterized by smaller values of the fractal dimension obtained from the fractal analysis. Some examples of actual usages suggest that the fractal analysis is now one of the most effective tools to understand the molecular mechanism of HBN in aqueous complex materials including biological systems.
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2
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Sylvester MM, Ganesh T, Anand Karunakaran D, Hudge P, Kumbharkhane A. Time domain dielectric relaxation studies of amphiphilics in solution state. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Buchner R, Barthel J. A Time Domain Reflectometer for Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy of Electrolyte Solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.199700014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Chaudhari A, Chaudhari H, Mehrotra S. Temperature Dependent Dielectric Relaxation in Solvent Mixtures at Microwave Frequencies. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Sudo S. Dielectric Properties of the Free Water in Hydroxypropyl Cellulose. J Phys Chem B 2010; 115:2-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp104950q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Sudo
- Department of Physics, Tokyo City University, Tamazutsumi, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
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6
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Abstract
The physical properties of DNA are quite important for molecular genetics as well as for its nanotechnological applications. Studying the interactions of alternating current (AC) electric fields with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) allows one to draw conclusions about these properties. These interactions are usually investigated in two different ways. In dielectric spectroscopy, a DNA solution is placed in a homogeneous AC field and electronic parameters are measured over several frequency decades in the Hz to GHz range. These electronic data are then interpreted on the basis of physico-chemical models as a result of certain phenomena on the molecular level. In dielectrophoretic studies, a DNA solution is exposed to an inhomogeneous AC field and the spatial response of few or single molecules is monitored by optical or scanning force microscopy. This response can involve translation, elongation and orientation of the molecular strings. In this review, a survey is given of the literature dealing with the dielectric and dielectrophoretic properties of DNA as well as with applications of DNA dielectrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hölzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Molecular Bioanalytics and Bioelectronics, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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7
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Sudo S, Shinyashiki N, Arima Y, Yagihara S. Broadband dielectric study on the water-concentration dependence of the primary and secondary processes for triethyleneglycol-water mixtures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:011501. [PMID: 18763955 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.011501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Broadband dielectric measurements for triethyleneglycol (3EG)-water mixtures with various concentrations were performed in the frequency range of 10 muHz-10 GHz and in the temperature range of 130-298 K . For each mixture, the separation of the primary (alpha) and secondary processes is observed below the crossover temperature, TC. In the case of 80-100 wt% 3EG-water mixtures, the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts-type primary process above TC continues to the alpha process below TC, and an additional secondary process is observed in the frequency range higher than that of the alpha process below TC. On the other hand, the primary process for 65 and 70 wt% 3EG-water mixtures above TC continues to the higher-frequency secondary process below TC, and an additional alpha process appears at a frequency lower than that of the secondary process. The contribution of water to relaxation processes is discussed, to clarify the molecular mechanism of the separation behavior. The characteristic separation behavior of the relaxation processes for high-water-content 3EG-water mixtures is due to the existence of excess water, which cannot move cooperatively with solute 3EG molecules below TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Sudo
- Departiment of Physics, Musashi Institute of Technology, Tamazutsumi, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Shinyashiki N, Shimomura M, Ushiyama T, Miyagawa T, Yagihara S. Dynamics of Water in Partially Crystallized Polymer/Water Mixtures Studied by Dielectric Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:10079-87. [PMID: 17676792 DOI: 10.1021/jp0730489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dielectric relaxation process of water was investigated for polymer/water mixtures containing poly(vinyl methyl ether), poly(ethyleneimine), poly(vinyl alcohol), and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) with a polymer concentration of up to 40 wt % at frequencies between 10 MHz and 10 GHz in subzero temperatures down to -55 degrees C. These polymer/water mixtures have a crystallization temperature TC of water at -10 to -2 degrees C. Below TC, part of the water crystallized and another part of the water, uncrystallized water (UCW), remained in a liquid state with the polymer in an uncrystallized phase. The dielectric relaxation process of UCW was observed, and reliable dielectric relaxation parameters of UCW were obtained at temperatures of -26 to -2 degrees C. At TC, the relaxation strength, relaxation time, and relaxation time distribution change abruptly, and their subsequent changes with decreasing temperature are larger than those above TC. The relaxation strength of UCW decreases, and the relaxation time and dynamic heterogeneity (distribution of relaxation time) increase with decreasing temperature. These large temperature dependences below TC can be explained by the increase in polymer concentration in the uncrystallized phase C(p,UCP) with decreasing temperature. C(p,UCP) is independent of the initial polymer concentration. In contrast to the relaxation times above TC, which vary with the chemical structure of the polymer and its concentration, the relaxation times of UCW are independent of both of them. This indicates that the factor determining whether the water forms ice crystals or stays as UCW is the mobility of the water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shinyashiki
- Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
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9
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Characterization of heterogeneous interaction in binary mixtures of ethylene glycol oligomer with water, ethyl alcohol and dioxane by dielectric analysis. J Mol Liq 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Sengwa RJ, Madhvi, Sankhla S, Sharma S. Characterization of Heterogeneous Interaction Behavior in Ternary Mixtures by a Dielectric Analysis: Equi-Molar H–bonded Binary Polar Mixtures in Aqueous Solutions. J SOLUTION CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-006-9053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Shinyashiki N, Sengwa RJ, Tsubotani S, Nakamura H, Sudo S, Yagihara S. Broadband Dielectric Study of Dynamics of Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)−Ethylene Glycol Oligomer Blends. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:4953-7. [PMID: 16610812 DOI: 10.1021/jp0605193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Broadband dielectric measurements for blends of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and ethylene glycol oligomer (EGO) from 0 to 40 wt % PVP were carried out at 25 degrees C in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 20 GHz. The EGOs used in this study were ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (2EG), and PEG400 (MW = 400). For the PVP-EG, -2EG, and -PEG400 blends, relaxation processes caused by the motion of EGO in the GHz range and the micro-Brownian motion of the PVP chain at 10 kHz-1 MHz were observed. Although the PVP-EGO blend is miscible, relaxation processes caused by the molecular motion of EGO and the local chain motion of PVP were observed individually. The relaxation time of the local chain motion of PVP showed a strong PVP concentration dependence and a solvent viscosity dependence, which are similar to those reported so far for the solutions in nonpolar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shinyashiki
- Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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12
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Mijović J, Bian Y, Gross RA, Chen B. Dynamics of Proteins in Hydrated State and in Solution As Studied by Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051854c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Mijović
- Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Yu Bian
- Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Richard A. Gross
- Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Bo Chen
- Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
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13
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Sun M, Pejanović S, Mijović J. Dynamics of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Solutions As Studied by Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy and Dynamic Mechanical Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051596j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyun Sun
- Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six MetroTech Center, Brooklyn New York 11201, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia & Montenegro
| | - Srdjan Pejanović
- Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six MetroTech Center, Brooklyn New York 11201, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia & Montenegro
| | - Jovan Mijović
- Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six MetroTech Center, Brooklyn New York 11201, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia & Montenegro
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14
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Sudo S, Tsubotani S, Shimomura M, Shinyashiki N, Yagihara S. Dielectric study of the α and β processes in supercooled ethylene glycol oligomer–water mixtures. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:7332-40. [PMID: 15473803 DOI: 10.1063/1.1796232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadband dielectric measurements for 65 wt % ethylene glycol oligomer (EGO)-water mixtures with one to six repeat units of EGO molecules were performed in the frequency range of 10 microHz-10 GHz and the temperature range of 128-298 K. In the case of the water-EGO mixtures with one and two repeat units of the EGO molecule (small EGO), the shape of the dielectric loss peak of the primary process is asymmetrical about the logarithm of the frequency of maximum loss above the crossover temperature, T(C). The asymmetric process continues to the alpha process at a low frequency, and an additional beta process appears in the frequency range higher than that of the alpha process below T(C). In contrast, the water-EGO mixtures with three or more repeat units of the EGO molecule (large EGO) show a broad and symmetrical loss peak of the primary process above T(C). The symmetric process continues to the beta process, and an additional alpha process appears in the frequency range lower than that of the beta process below T(C). These different scenarios of the alpha-beta separation related to the shape of the loss peak above T(C) are a result of the difference in the cooperative motion of water and solute molecules. The solute and water molecules move cooperatively in the small EGO-water mixtures above T(C), and this cooperative motion leads to the asymmetric loss peak above T(C) and the alpha process below T(C). For the large EGO-water mixtures, the spatially restricted motion of water confined by solute molecules leads to the symmetric loss peak above T(C) and the beta process below T(C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Sudo
- Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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15
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Miura N, Yagihara S, Mashimo S. Microwave Dielectric Properties of Solid and Liquid Foods Investigated by Time-domain Reflectometry. J Food Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb09656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Hayashi Y, Shinyashiki N, Yagihara S, Yoshiba K, Teramoto A, Nakamura N, Miyazaki Y, Sorai M, Wang Q. Ordering in aqueous polysaccharide solutions. I. Dielectric relaxation in aqueous solutions of a triple-helical polysaccharide schizophyllan. Biopolymers 2002; 63:21-31. [PMID: 11754345 DOI: 10.1002/bip.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Deuterium oxide solutions of a triple-helical polysaccharide schizophyllan, undergoing an order-disorder transition centered around 17 degrees C, were studied by the time-domain reflectometry (TDR) to obtain dielectric dispersions in the solution and frozen states. In the solution state, the dispersion below the transition temperature is resolved in three dispersions (relaxation times at 0 degrees C) ascribed to side chain glucose residue (1; 102 ns), structured water (s; 2.0 ns) and bulk water (h), respectively, from low to high frequencies. Bulk water is divided into slow water (h2; 0.04 ns) and free or pure water (h1; 0.02 ns). Above the transition temperature structured water almost disappears and is compensated by slow water. Structured water is similar to bound water for proteins but different from it because of this transition behavior. Another dispersion (l) seen at the lowest frequency is assigned to the rotation of side-chain glucose residue coupled with hydrated water. Parts of this dispersion and structured water are suggested to constitute bound water. In the frozen state were observed a major dispersion (h; 0.14 ns) and a minor one (m; 28 ns), which were ascribed to considerably mobile and less mobile waters. They are similar to but not exactly the same as that for unfreezable water in bovine serum albumin solutions argued by Miura et al. (Biopolymers, 1995, Vol. 36, p. 9). Water is molded into different structures by the triple helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Hayashi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-12, Japan
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Sudo S, Shinyashiki N, Yagihara S. The dielectric relaxation of supercooled ethyleneglycol-water mixtures. J Mol Liq 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7322(01)00113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Hayashi Y, Miura N, Shinyashiki N, Yagihara S, Mashimo S. Globule-coil transition of denatured globular protein investigated by a microwave dielectric technique. Biopolymers 2000; 54:388-97. [PMID: 10951325 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0282(200011)54:6<388::aid-bip30>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A mechanism for the gel-glass transition of denatured globular protein has been explained from the viewpoint of the globule-coil transition with microwave dielectric measurements using a time domain reflectometry (TDR) method. Boiled egg white, which is an aqueous gel of egg white prepared by heat treatment at 100 degrees C, becomes a glass on drying. In the gel state, the relaxation processes corresponding to the orientation of bulk water and the micro-Brownian motion of peptide chains of denatured protein were observed around 10 GHz and 10 MHz, respectively. When the gel-glass transition occurred, the relaxation strength for bulk water decreased rapidly as evaporation and breaking of water structure occurred. Simultaneously, the relaxation strength for micro-Brownian motion increased abruptly, as the structure of globular protein varied from globule state to coiled state. It is considered that the protein molecule spreads out and takes up a coiled state by reductions of hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions of the globular protein. These reductions occur through a decrease in the amount of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hayashi
- Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
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19
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Shinyashiki N, Yagihara S. Comparison of Dielectric Relaxations of Water Mixtures of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp983800t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shinyashiki
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Shin Yagihara
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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20
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Ishida T, Makino T. Microwave Dielectric Relaxation of Bound Water to Silica, Alumina, and Silica-Alumina Gel Suspensions. J Colloid Interface Sci 1999; 212:144-151. [PMID: 10072284 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.1998.6029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
By the use of a time domain reflectomery method, dielectric measurements were carried out on silica, alumina, and silica-alumina gel suspensions (five types with composition varying between 0.3 < Si/Al atomic ratio <0.8) in the frequency range of 100 kHz to 20 GHz. For all the gels, a relaxation peak due to bound water was observed. This peak locates at around 1-10 MHz, indicating that the peak is a decade or 10 decades lower than those of biological polymers such as an aqueous DNA solution. The silica and alumina gels have a different bound water structure, judging from the fact that the peaks are different in their locations and shapes between the two gels. The silica-alumina gels exhibit two different peaks other than the peak of bulk water. The sum of the relaxation strength on the two peaks is proportional to the monolayer capacity obtained from water vapor isotherms. The shape of the one peak holds that of the silica gel, whereas the other retains that of alumina gel, and furthermore the ratio of the relaxation strength on the former peak to that on the latter depends on Si/Al atomic ratio. It is suggested that both peaks are caused by the orientation of bound water molecules. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ishida
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
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Miura N, Shioya S, Kurita D, Shigematsu T, Mashimo S. Time domain reflectometry: measurement of free water in normal lung and pulmonary edema. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 276:L207-12. [PMID: 9887073 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1999.276.1.l207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The free water content of lung tissue was investigated by dielectric spectroscopy in normal lungs and in pulmonary edema induced by oleic acid in rats. The dielectric relaxation in a frequency range of 10(7) to 10(10) Hz was measured with the time domain reflectometry method at 25 degreesC. Three dielectric relaxation processes were analyzed for the lung tissue. A high-frequency process around 10 GHz was attributed to the orientation of free water molecules based on the relaxation time [log tauh (in s) = -11.03]. The dielectric strength (Delta epsilon) of this high-frequency peak (Delta epsilonh) should reflect the amount of free water in the tissue. Because the measured Delta epsilonh depended on the air content of the lung samples, the value of Delta epsilonh was corrected for the air content of each sample as determined by the point-counting method in the area where the time domain reflectometry data were obtained. The lungs of rats that received an injection of oleic acid had a significantly increased free water content [(Delta epsilonh of lung/Delta epsilon of pure water) x density of pure water] compared with that in the normal lung (0.76 vs. 0.59 g/cm3). These results indicate that free water occupies approximately 60% of the total volume of normal lung tissue and that there is an increase in free water in pulmonary edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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22
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Shinyashiki N, Sudo S, Abe W, Yagihara S. Shape of dielectric relaxation curves of ethylene glycol oligomer–water mixtures. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Bertolini D, Cassettari M, Ferrari C, Tombari E. Dielectric relaxation in binary solutions: Theory and experimental results. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Shinyashiki N, Yagihara S, Arita I, Mashimo S. Dynamics of Water in a Polymer Matrix Studied by a Microwave Dielectric Measurement. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9729627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shinyashiki
- Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-12, Japan
| | - Shin Yagihara
- Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-12, Japan
| | - Izumi Arita
- Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-12, Japan
| | - Satoru Mashimo
- Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-12, Japan
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25
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Naito S, Hoshi M, Mashimo S. In vivo dielectric analysis of free water content of biomaterials by time domain reflectometry. Anal Biochem 1997; 251:163-72. [PMID: 9299012 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1997.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A method of in vivo analysis of the free water content in living organisms by dielectric analysis in the time domain is described. Human skin is chosen as an example of living tissue. The cells suitable for the measurement of various layers of human skin and calculation procedures for the waveform reflected from the probe end are described. The approach was confirmed to be effective for the determination of the water content through measurement of the standard samples, keratin-water mixtures. This method was also applied to human skin in vivo. Water content data measured with a probe specially designed for surface layer analysis were sensitive to humidity around the subject. The formula expressing the relation between the electrical field character of the probe, the permittivity depth profile, and the measured permittivity was used to analyze the water content profile as a function of the depth from the skin surface. The use of several kinds of probes, differing in their electric field characteristics, permitted evaluation of the water content depth profile of human skin. This procedure is easy and applicable to any sample due to its simplicity. The measurement needs only a touch of the probe on a sample spot. It is therefore a promising method of physicochemical research on living organisms and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naito
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi, 321-34, Japan
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26
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Nagura M, Takagi N, Katakami H, Gotoh Y, Ohkoshi Y, Koyano T, Minoura N. States of water in poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0966-7822(97)00016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Mizushima H, Naito S. Dielectric Study Concerning the Dynamics of Water in Artificial Stratum Corneum Lipids. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1996. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.69.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Shinyashiki N, Matsumura Y, Mashimo S, Yagihara S. Dielectric study on coupling constant of lower critical solution of poly (vinylmethylether) in water. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Teramoto A, Gu H, Miyazaki Y, Sorai M, Mashimo S. Dielectric study of the cooperative order-disorder transition in aqueous solutions of schizophyllan, a triple-helical polysaccharide. Biopolymers 1995; 36:803-10. [PMID: 8555424 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360360612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Schizophyllan exists in aqueous solution as a triple helix, which is intact at room temperature. Its aqueous solution forms some ordered structure at low temperatures but undergoes a sharp transition to a disordered structure as the temperature is raised. The transition temperature Tc is about 7 and 18 degrees C for H2O and D2O solutions, respectively. This transition was followed by time-domain reflectometry to investigate dynamic aspects of the transition. In addition to a major peak around 10 GHz, the dielectric dispersion curve of a 20 wt % schizophyllan in D2O exhibited a small peak around 100 MHz below Tc and around 10 MHz above Tc. The major peak is due to bulk water, whereas the 100 MHz peak is assigned to "bound" or "structured" water, and that around 10 MHz to side-chain glucose residues. However, unlike usual bound water reported for biopolymer solutions, this "structured" water disappears abruptly when the temperature becomes close to Tc without accompanying a conformational transition of the main chain. The above assignment is consistent with the structure of the ordered phase derived from previous static data that it consists of side-chain glucose residues along with nearby water molecules surrounding the helix core that are interacting with each other loosely through hydrogen bonds, and spreads radially only a layer of one or two water molecules but a long distance along the helix axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Teramoto
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Japan
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30
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Miura N, Hayashi Y, Shinyashiki N, Mashimo S. Observation of unfreezable water in aqueous solution of globule protein by microwave dielectric measurement. Biopolymers 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.360360103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Umehara T, Tominaga Y, Hikida A, Mashimo S. Study on the hydration structure of L‐xylo and D‐arabo ascorbic acid solutions by time domain reflectometry. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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32
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Fattepur RH, Hosamani MT, Deshpande DK, Mehrotra SC. Dielectric relaxation and structural study of aniline–methanol mixture using picosecond time domain reflectometry. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.467897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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33
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Miura N, Asaka N, Shinyashiki N, Mashimo S. Microwave dielectric study on bound water of globule proteins in aqueous solution. Biopolymers 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.360340307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Mashimo S, Miura N. High order and local structure of water determined by microwave dielectric study. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Bose T, Nozaki R. Broadband complex permittivity measurements of liquid crystals, microemulsions and polar liquids by time domain reflectometry. J Mol Liq 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7322(93)80041-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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36
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Kumbharkhane AC, Puranik SM, Mehrotra SC. Dielectric relaxation studies of aqueous N,N-dimethylformamide using a picosecond time domain technique. J SOLUTION CHEM 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00649245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Miura N, Shinyashiki N, Mashimo S. Dielectric relaxation of the Kohlrausch‐type in aqueous polymer solution. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.463391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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Mashimo S, Miura N, Umehara T. The structure of water determined by microwave dielectric study on water mixtures with glucose, polysaccharides, and L‐ascorbic acid. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.463653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Feldman YD, Zuev YF, Polygalov EA, Fedotov VD. Time domain dielectric spectroscopy. A new effective tool for physical chemistry investigation. Colloid Polym Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00776148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Mashimo S, Miura N, Umehara T, Yagihara S, Higasi K. The structure of water and methanol in p‐dioxane as determined by microwave dielectric spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.462630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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41
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Mashimo S, Umehara T, Redlin H. Structures of water and primary alcohol studied by microwave dielectric analyses. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Puranik S, Kumbharkhane A, Mehrotra S. Dielectric relaxation spectra for N,N-Dimethylacetamide-water mixures using picosecond time domain reflectometry. J Mol Liq 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7322(91)80042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Shinyashiki N, Asaka N, Mashimo S, Yagihara S, Sasaki N. Microwave dielectric study on hydration of moist collagen. Biopolymers 1990; 29:1185-91. [PMID: 2369631 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360290809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two dielectric relaxation peaks were found in moist collagen by the time domain reflectometry. The low-frequency peak around 100 MHz moves little as the water content is varied. Its relaxation strength depends on the content and vanishes for completely dried collagen. This process is concluded to be due to water molecules strongly bound to the tropocollagen. Amount of the bound water is estimated as 0.12 g water/g collagen. Twenty-one water molecules are bound to one repeat of the triple helix. The existence of stringlike water chains is suggested. If the water content is less than 0.5 g water/g collagen, the high frequency peak locates between those of bound and bulk water. Water among the tropo-collagen is weakly bound to the collagen. In the higher region it does not change much with the content, being close to that of bulk water. The bulk water appears in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shinyashiki
- Department of Physics, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
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44
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Umehara T, Kuwabara S, Mashimo S, Yagihara S. Dielectric study on hydration of B-, A-, and Z-DNA. Biopolymers 1990; 30:649-56. [PMID: 2275970 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360300702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dielectric relaxation peak due to bound water was found around 100 MHz in poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) and calf thymus DNA in water-ethanol mixtures with NaCl buffer. Relaxation time and strength show a transition for poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) at an ethanol composition Cw = 0.45 (w/w) where the structural transition from B- to Z-DNA takes place. It has been suggested that the transition is caused by removal of the bound water molecules preferentially from the phosphate groups. If the bound water molecules are removed equally from the phosphate groups and the grooves, the structural transition from B to A takes place. By analogy with hydration of tropocollagen, it was found that 19 water molecules per one nucleotide are at least necessary to keep B-DNA. Thirteen molecules are bound to A-DNA and 9 molecules to Z-DNA. Stringlike multimers are proposed as available structures of the bound water.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Umehara
- Department of Physics, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
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45
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Mashimo S, Kuwabara S, Yagihara S, Higasi K. The dielectric relaxation of mixtures of water and primary alcohol. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.455883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Bone S. Time domain reflectrometry: the difference method applied to conductive aqueous solutions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1988; 967:401-7. [PMID: 2461741 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(88)90103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The precision difference time domain reflectrometry method has been developed for application to conductive aqueous solutions. The sensitivity of the technique has been investigated with protein and polypeptide solutions over the frequency range 100 kHz to 1 GHz. Loss processes with an absorption maximum of 0.3 have been successfully measured and larger dispersions characterised in KCl concentrations as high as 100 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bone
- Institute of Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics, University College of North Wales, Bangor, U.K
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