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Holden NE, Coplen TB, Böhlke JK, Tarbox LV, Benefield J, de Laeter JR, Mahaffy PG, O’Connor G, Roth E, Tepper DH, Walczyk T, Wieser ME, Yoneda S. IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI) for the Education Community (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI) was created to familiarize students, teachers, and non-professionals with the existence and importance of isotopes of the chemical elements. The IPTEI is modeled on the familiar Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements. The IPTEI is intended to hang on the walls of chemistry laboratories and classrooms. Each cell of the IPTEI provides the chemical name, symbol, atomic number, and standard atomic weight of an element. Color-coded pie charts in each element cell display the stable isotopes and the relatively long-lived radioactive isotopes having characteristic terrestrial isotopic compositions that determine the standard atomic weight of each element. The background color scheme of cells categorizes the 118 elements into four groups: (1) white indicates the element has no standard atomic weight, (2) blue indicates the element has only one isotope that is used to determine its standard atomic weight, which is given as a single value with an uncertainty, (3) yellow indicates the element has two or more isotopes that are used to determine its standard atomic weight, which is given as a single value with an uncertainty, and (4) pink indicates the element has a well-documented variation in its atomic weight, and the standard atomic weight is expressed as an interval. An element-by-element review accompanies the IPTEI and includes a chart of all known stable and radioactive isotopes for each element. Practical applications of isotopic measurements and technologies are included for the following fields: forensic science, geochronology, Earth-system sciences, environmental science, and human health sciences, including medical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman E. Holden
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, NY , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Etienne Roth
- Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA) , Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Thomas Walczyk
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Michael E. Wieser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
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Meija J, Coplen TB, Berglund M, Brand WA, De Bièvre P, Gröning M, Holden NE, Irrgeher J, Loss RD, Walczyk T, Prohaska T. Isotopic compositions of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (ciaaw.org) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (iupac.org) has revised the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements (TICE). The update involved a critical evaluation of the recent published literature. The new TICE 2013 includes evaluated data from the “best measurement” of the isotopic abundances in a single sample, along with a set of representative isotopic abundances and uncertainties that accommodate known variations in normal terrestrial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juris Meija
- 1National Research Council Canada, Measurement Science and Standards, 1200 Montreal Road, M-12 Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | | | - Michael Berglund
- 3European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Belgium
| | - Willi A. Brand
- 4Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Paul De Bièvre
- 5Independent Consultant on Metrology in Chemistry, Belgium
| | | | | | - Johanna Irrgeher
- 8Helmholtz-Centre for Materials and Coastal Research Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Robert D. Loss
- 9Department of Applied Physics, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia
| | - Thomas Walczyk
- 10Department of Chemistry (Science) and Department of Biochemistry (Medicine), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Thomas Prohaska
- 11Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Havlíková L, Šatínský D, Solich P. Aspects of decontamination of ivermectin and praziquantel from environmental waters using advanced oxidation technology. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:21-8. [PMID: 26344145 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently performed environmental risk assessments of ivermectin demonstrated the need to complete the information regarding the fate of ivermectin in environment. There is also a lack of information concerning the fate and stability of praziquantel. The forced degradation study and photocatalytic degradation pathways in aqueous TiO2 suspensions of the two anthelmintics ivermectin and praziquantel were investigated and compared. The degradation efficiency increased for both compounds with the increase in the TiO2 concentration from 0.25 to 2.00 g L(-1), and then remained constant. The estimated k-values were from 0.36 h(-1) to 0.64 h(-1) for IVE and from 0.29 h(-1) to 0.47 h(-1) for PZQ, respectively. The degradation rate was not significantly impacted by the change of the pH value (pH 3, 5, 7, and 9) at 2.0 g L(-1) of TiO2. The photo degradation was about 90% for both compounds after 5 h of irradiation and it was significantly inhibited in the presence of iodide anion and isopropyl alcohol, which indicated, that hydroxyl radicals as well as holes contributed to the degradation of both anthelmintics. The contribution of hydroxyl radicals and holes was 92.1% for IVE and 93.2% for PZQ, respectively. Photocatalytic process of ivermectin resulted in three degradation intermediates; another two were formed during acidic and basic hydrolysis. Praziquantel underwent degradation to six degradation intermediates; four of them were formed under photocatalytic irradiation. The intermediates were identified using UHPLC-MS/MS. UV/TiO2 photolysis has been found as an effective advanced oxidation technology for the decontamination of ivermectin and praziquantel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Havlíková
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Heyrovského 1203, 500 12 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Dalibor Šatínský
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Heyrovského 1203, 500 12 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Solich
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Heyrovského 1203, 500 12 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Abstract
The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) completed its last update of the isotopic compositions of the elements as determined by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry in 2009. That update involved a critical evaluation of the published literature and forms the basis of the table of the isotopic compositions of the elements (TICE) presented here. For each element, TICE includes evaluated data from the “best measurement” of the isotope abundances in a single sample, along with a set of representative isotope abundances and uncertainties that accommodate known variations in normal terrestrial materials. The representative isotope abundances and uncertainties generally are consistent with the standard atomic weight of the element A
r(E) and its uncertainty U[A
r(E)] recommended by CIAAW in 2007.
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