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Dohnal P, Shapko D, Kálosi Á, Kassayová M, Roučka Š, Rednyk S, Plašil R, Hejduk M, Glosík J. Towards state selective recombination of H 3+ under astrophysically relevant conditions. Faraday Discuss 2019; 217:220-234. [PMID: 31016318 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00214b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present studies on the thermalisation of H3+ ions in a cold He/Ar/H2 plasma at temperatures 30-70 K. We show that we are able to generate a rotationally thermalised H3+ ensemble with a population of rotational and nuclear spin states corresponding to a particular ion translational temperature. By varying the para-H2 fraction used in the experiment we are able to produce para-H3+ ions with fractional populations higher than those corresponding to thermodynamic values. At 35 K, only the lowest rotational states of para and ortho H3+ are populated. This is the first step towards experimental studies of electron-molecular ion recombination processes with precisely specified quantum states at astrophysically relevant temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dohnal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| | - Dmytro Shapko
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| | - Ábel Kálosi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslava Kassayová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| | - Štěpán Roučka
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| | - Serhiy Rednyk
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Plašil
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Hejduk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Juraj Glosík
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
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Zeng HJ, Yang N, Johnson MA. Introductory lecture: advances in ion spectroscopy: from astrophysics to biology. Faraday Discuss 2019; 217:8-33. [PMID: 31094388 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00030e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This introduction provides a historical context for the development of ion spectroscopy over the past half century by following the evolution of experimental methods to the present state-of-the-art. Rather than attempt a comprehensive review, we focus on how early work on small ions, carried out with fluorescence, direct absorption, and photoelectron spectroscopy, evolved into powerful technologies that can now address complex chemical problems ranging from catalysis to biophysics. One of these developments is the incorporation of cooling and temperature control to enable the general application of "messenger tagging" vibrational spectroscopy, first carried out using ionized supersonic jets and then with buffer gas cooling in radiofrequency ion traps. Some key advances in the application of time-resolved pump-probe techniques to follow ultrafast dynamics are also discussed, as are significant benchmarks in the refinement of ion mobility to allow spectroscopic investigation of large biopolymers with well-defined shapes. We close with a few remarks on challenges and opportunities to explore molecular level mechanics that drive macroscopic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Zeng
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Nan Yang
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Plašil R, Dohnal P, Kálosi Á, Roučka Š, Shapko D, Rednyk S, Johnsen R, Glosík J. Stationary afterglow apparatus with CRDS for study of processes in plasmas from 300 K down to 30 K. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:063116. [PMID: 29960549 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A cryogenic stationary afterglow apparatus equipped with a near-infrared cavity-ring-down-spectrometer (Cryo-SA-CRDS) for studies of electron-ion recombination processes in the plasma at temperatures 30-300 K has been designed, constructed, tested, and put into operation. The plasma is generated in a sapphire discharge tube that is contained in a microwave cavity. The cavity and the tube are attached to the second stage of the cold head of the cryocooler system, and they are inserted to an UHV chamber with mirrors for CRDS and vacuum windows on both ends of the tube. The temperature of the discharge tube can be made as low as 25 K. In initial test measurements, the discharge was ignited in He/Ar/H2 or He/H2 gas mixtures and the density of H3+ ions and their kinetic and rotational temperatures were measured during the discharge and afterglow. From the measured decrease in the ion density, during the afterglow, effective recombination rate coefficients were determined. Plasma relaxation was studied in He/Ar gas mixtures by monitoring the presence of highly excited argon atoms. The spectroscopic measurements demonstrated that the kinetic temperature of the ions is equal to the gas temperature and that it can be varied from 300 K down to 30 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Plašil
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Dohnal
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Á Kálosi
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Š Roučka
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Shapko
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Rednyk
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Johnsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - J Glosík
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Gerlich D. Infrared spectroscopy of cold trapped molecular ions using He-tagging. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Gerlich
- Department of Physics; University of Technology; Chemnitz Germany
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Gerlich D, Jašík J, Andris E, Navrátil R, Roithová J. Collisions of FeO
+
with H
2
and He in a Cryogenic Ion Trap. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3723-3739. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Gerlich
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Department of Physics University of Technology 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Juraj Jašík
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Erik Andris
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Navrátil
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
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Sarka J, Császár AG. Interpretation of the vibrational energy level structure of the astructural molecular ion H5+ and all of its deuterated isotopomers. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:154309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4946808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- János Sarka
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
| | - Attila G. Császár
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary
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Savić I, Gerlich D, Asvany O, Jusko P, Schlemmer S. Controlled synthesis and analysis of He–H+3in a 3.7 K ion trap. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1037802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gerlich D, Plašil R, Zymak I, Hejduk M, Jusko P, Mulin D, Glosík J. State specific stabilization of H+ + H2(j) collision complexes. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10068-75. [PMID: 23496053 DOI: 10.1021/jp400917v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stabilization of H3(+) collision complexes has been studied at nominal temperatures between 11 and 33 K using a 22-pole radio frequency (rf) ion trap. Apparent binary rate coefficients, k(*) = kr + k3[H2], have been measured for para- and normal-hydrogen at number densities between some 10(11) and 10(14) cm(-3). The state specific rate coefficients extracted for radiative stabilization, kr(T;j), are all below 2 × 10(-16) cm(3) s(-1). There is a slight tendency to decrease with increasing temperature. In contrast to simple expectations, kr(11 K;j) is for j = 0 a factor of 2 smaller than for j = 1. The ternary rate coefficients for p-H2 show a rather steep T-dependence; however, they are increasing with temperature. The state specific ternary rate coefficients, k3(T;j), measured for j = 0 and derived for j = 1 from measurements with n-H2, differ by an order of magnitude. Most of these surprising observations are in disagreement with predictions from standard association models, which are based on statistical assumptions and the separation of complex formation and competition between stabilization and decay. Most probably, the unexpected collision dynamics are due to the fact that, at the low translational energies of the present experiment, only a small number of partial waves participate. This should make exact quantum mechanical calculations of kr feasible. More complex is three-body stabilization, because it occurs on the H5(+) potential energy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gerlich
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University , 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
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Nuernberger P, Wolpert D, Weiss H, Gerber G. Initiation and control of catalytic surface reactions with shaped femtosecond laser pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:1185-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Crabtree KN, Kauffman CA, Tom BA, Beçka E, McGuire BA, McCall BJ. Nuclear spin dependence of the reaction of H3+ with H2. II. Experimental measurements. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:194311. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3587246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Crabtree KN, Tom BA, McCall BJ. Nuclear spin dependence of the reaction of H3+ with H2. I. Kinetics and modeling. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:194310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3587245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Hugo E, Asvany O, Schlemmer S. H3++H2 isotopic system at low temperatures: Microcanonical model and experimental study. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:164302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3089422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Mikosch J, Otto R, Trippel S, Eichhorn C, Weidemüller M, Wester R. Inverse temperature dependent lifetimes of transient S(N)2 ion-dipole complexes. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:10448-52. [PMID: 18821740 DOI: 10.1021/jp804655k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The association and collisional stabilization of the S(N)2 entrance channel complex [Cl(-)...CH3Cl]* is studied in a low-temperature radiofrequency ion trap. The temperature dependence of the ternary rate coefficient is measured and a much stronger inverse temperature dependence than expected from a simple statistical calculation is found. From these data the lifetime of the transient S(N)2 complex has been derived as a function of temperature. It is suggested that the inverse temperature dependent rates of nonsymmetric S(N)2 reactions are related to the observed inverse temperature dependence of the transient ion-dipole complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mikosch
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Kornilov O, Toennies JP. Electron impact ionization of size selected hydrogen clusters (H2)N: Ion fragment and neutral size distributions. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:194306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2903451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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16
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Path integral molecular dynamics calculations of the H6+ and D6+ clusters on an ab initio potential energy surface. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Ohta Y, Ohta K, Kinugawa K. Quantum effect on the internal proton transfer and structural fluctuation in the H+ 5 cluster. J Chem Phys 2006; 121:10991-9. [PMID: 15634048 DOI: 10.1063/1.1812739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal equilibrium state of H+(5) is investigated by means of an ab initio path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) method, in which degrees of freedom of both nuclei and electrons at finite temperature are quantized within the adiabatic approximation. The second-order Moller-Plesset force field has been employed for the present ab initio PIMD. At 5-200 K, H+(5) is shown to have the structure that the proton is surrounded by the two H(2) units without any exchange of an atom between the central proton and the H(2) unit. At 5 K, the quantum tunneling of the central proton occurs more easily when the distance between the two H(2) units is shortened. At the high temperature of 200 K, the central proton is more delocalized in space between the two H(2) units, with less correlation with the stretching of the distance between the two H(2) units. As for the rotation of the H(2) units around the C(2) axis of H+(5) , the dihedral angle distribution is homogeneous at all temperatures, suggesting that the two H(2) units freely rotate around the C(2) axis, while this quantum effect on the rotation of the H(2) units becomes more weakened with increasing temperature. The influence of the structural fluctuation of H+(5) on molecular orbital energies has been examined to conclude that the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap is largely reduced with the increase of temperature because of the spatial expansion of the whole cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Ohta
- Japan Science and Technology CorporationPhotonics Research Institute, AIST Kansai Center, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
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19
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Lin CK, Wu CC, Wang YS, Lee YT, Chang HC, Kuo JL, Klein ML. Vibrational predissociation spectra and hydrogen-bond topologies of H+(H2O)9–11. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:938-44. [DOI: 10.1039/b412281j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Wang YS, Tsai CH, Lee YT, Chang HC, Jiang JC, Asvany O, Schlemmer S, Gerlich D. Investigations of Protonated and Deprotonated Water Clusters Using a Low-Temperature 22-Pole Ion Trap. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022156m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J. C. Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 106, ROC
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Schlemmer S, Luca A, Glosik J, Gerlich D. Temperature dependence of ternary rate coefficients for the (CO)n−1++2CO⇌(CO)n++CO reaction, and the role of isomers for the growth of larger (CO)n+ clusters. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1451247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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22
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Poterya V, Glosík J, Plasil R, Tichý M, Kudrna P, Pysanenko A. Recombination of D3+ ions in the afterglow of a He-Ar- D2 plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:044802. [PMID: 11801127 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.044802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the rate coefficient alpha for recombination of D3+ with electrons in a He-Ar-D2 plasma. The observed rate coefficient is dependent on the deuterium number density indicating that third-body assisted recombination is efficient and significantly contributes to recombination. When the deuterium number density is decreased to 7x10(10) cm(-3), the rate coefficient also decreases to alpha approximately 6x10(-9) cm3 x s(-1). These data indicate that the binary dissociative recombination of D3+ is very slow with alphaDR<6x10(-9) cm3 x s(-1). The observation of a deionization process proceeding via formation of D5+ is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Poterya
- Mathematics and Physics Faculty, Charles University Prague, V Holesovickách 2, Prague 8, Czech Republic
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Barbatti M, Jalbert G, Nascimento MAC. The structure and the thermochemical properties of the H3+(H2)n clusters (n=8–12). J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1360198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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24
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Tachikawa H. Full Dimensional Ab Initio Dynamics Calculations of Electron Capture Processes of the H4+ Ion. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0005219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Tachikawa
- Division of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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25
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Viggiano AA, Morris RA. Rotational and Vibrational Energy Effects on Ion−Molecule Reactivity As Studied by the VT-SIFDT Technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962084x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Viggiano
- Phillips Laboratory, Geophysics Directorate, Ionospheric Effects Division (GPID), 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010
| | - Robert A. Morris
- Phillips Laboratory, Geophysics Directorate, Ionospheric Effects Division (GPID), 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010
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