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El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Yang T, Salem HM, Korma SA, Ahmed AE, Mosa WFA, Abd El-Mageed TA, Selim S, Al Jaouni SK, Zaghloul RA, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, Ibrahim SA. Avian campylobacteriosis, prevalence, sources, hazards, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, and control measures: a comprehensive review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102786. [PMID: 37454641 PMCID: PMC10371856 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian campylobacteriosis is a vandal infection that poses human health hazards. Campylobacter is usually colonized in the avian gut revealing mild signs in the infected birds, but retail chicken carcasses have high contamination levels of Campylobacter spp. Consequently, the contaminated avian products constitute the main source of human infection with campylobacteriosis and result in severe clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, spasm, and deaths in sensitive cases. Thus, the current review aims to shed light on the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler chickens, Campylobacter colonization, bird immunity against Campylobacter, sources of poultry infection, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, human health hazard, and the use of standard antimicrobial technology during the chicken processing of possible control strategies to overcome such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid F A Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed A Zaghloul
- Department Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluybia, 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Carver Hall, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411-1064
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Kim HJ, Choi SJ. Rapid single-cell detection of pathogenic bacteria for in situ determination of food safety. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5621-5627. [PMID: 33188382 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01735c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive in situ method to detect bacterial pathogens is of utmost importance in preventing the outbreak of foodborne diseases. In this study, a simple method enabling the detection of a single bacterial cell in a sample was developed based on magnetic capture particles (CPs), and europium-fluorescent labeling particles (LPs) functionalized with antibodies. After mixing the sample with the particles in a sample tube, the sample tube was connected to an assay chip, where the CP-bacteria-LP complex was transported from the sample chamber to a detection chamber using a simple assay device. The number of bacteria was quantitatively determined by measuring the fluorescence emitted from the detection chamber. This assay method enabled the detection of a single cell of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from 0.1 mL pure broth culture samples within 30 min. A simple enrichment method that can be performed using only the vibrating action of the assay device without any additional instruments was also developed for the analysis of food samples. By analyzing the enriched sample using the assay method, we could detect V. parahaemolyticus quantitatively with a detection limit of 1 colony forming unit from oyster samples within 130 min. Due to simplicity of this methodology and the instrumentation involved, and its capability of rapid single-cell detection, it may be considered as an in situ method for the determination of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwondo 25457, Korea.
| | - Suk-Jung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwondo 25457, Korea.
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The response of foodborne pathogens to osmotic and desiccation stresses in the food chain. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 221:37-53. [PMID: 26803272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In combination with other strategies, hyperosmolarity and desiccation are frequently used by the food processing industry as a means to prevent bacterial proliferation, and particularly that of foodborne pathogens, in food products. However, it is increasingly observed that bacteria, including human pathogens, encode mechanisms to survive and withstand these stresses. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms employed by Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin producing E. coli, Cronobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp. to tolerate osmotic and desiccation stresses and identifies gaps in knowledge which need to be addressed to ensure the safety of low water activity and desiccated food products.
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Chamanrokh P, Shahhosseiny MH, Mazaheri Assadi M, Nejadsattari T, Esmaili D. Three Tests Used to Identify Non-Culturable Form of Helicobacter pylori in Water Samples. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e16811. [PMID: 26034541 PMCID: PMC4449853 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8(4)2015.16811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori, causing the most common chronic bacterial infection, exist in two forms; bacilli and coccoid. The coccoid form is identified as viable but non-culturable bacteria. Objectives: The current study aimed to conduct culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) tests to identify coccoid forms of H. pylori. Materials and Methods: The PCR and LAMP tests were optimized using specific primers for glmM gene. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were determined. The current experimental study was conducted on 10 different strains isolated from clinical cases (H1-H10). The isolates were added to tap water and incubated at three different temperatures for one and two months intervals. After pure-culturing of the bacteria, DNAs were extracted and PCR and LAMP were performed. Results: Ten copies of targeted DNA were required for PCR detection whereas only five copies gave a positive reaction by LAMP assay, with 100% specificity. Of the 10 isolates inoculated in water for one and two months at three different temperatures 4, 22, and 37°C, only three cases (5%) were found positive in the first month; 13 (21.6%) and 29 cases (48.3%) were also positive by PCR and LAMP tests in the first and second months. Conclusions: Results of the current study confirmed that molecular methods such as PCR and LAMP were much more sensitive, rapid, and specific than culturing to identify non-culturable coccoid forms of H. pylori in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Chamanrokh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Parastoo Chamanrokh, Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9372727679, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Hassan Shahhosseiny
- Department of Microbiology, Shahre Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahre Qods, IR Iran
- Iranian Gene Fanavar Institute (IGF), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahnaz Mazaheri Assadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Taher Nejadsattari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Davood Esmaili
- Department of Microbiology, Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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5
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Abd El-Baky RM, Sakhy M, Gad GFM. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and genotyping of campylobacter species isolated from children suffering from gastroenteritis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 32:240-6. [PMID: 25008814 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.136550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from children suffering from gastroenteritis . MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 125 stool samples were collected from children with gastroenteritis. The identification of isolates was performed with conventional methods as well as with molecular methods based on 16SrRNA species-specific gene amplification by PCR and product analysis. Resistance pattern of the isolated strains was determined using agar dilution method. RESULTS Conventional methods including sodium hippurate hydrolysis revealed that 12 (9.6%) samples were positive for Campylobacter species. Ten out of 12 Campylobacter spp. were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and 2 as Campylobacter coli but PCR assay revealed that five samples only were positive for Campylobacter and all were C. jejuni. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials was performed and all isolates (five isolates of C. jejuni) were susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and amikacin but all were resistant to ceftriaxone. CONCLUSION PCR assay method allows reliable detection of C. jejuni. C. jejuni was the most prevalent Campylobacter species. Gentamicin, amikacin and chloramphenicol were the most effective antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Abd El-Baky
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Ikeda N, Karlyshev AV. Putative mechanisms and biological role of coccoid form formation in Campylobacter jejuni. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2012; 2:41-9. [PMID: 24611120 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.2.2012.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In certain conditions Campylobacter jejuni cells are capable of changing their cell shape from a typically spiral to a coccoid form (CF). By similarity to other bacteria, the latter was initially considered to be a viable but non-culturable form capable of survival in unfavourable conditions. However, subsequent studies with C. jejuni and closely related bacteria Helicobacter pylori suggested that CF represents a non-viable, degenerative form. Until now, the issue on whether the CF of C. jejuni is viable and infective is highly controversial. Despite some preliminary experiments on characterization of CF cells, neither biochemical mechanisms nor genetic determinants involved in C. jejuni cell shape changes have been characterized. In this review, we highlight known molecular mechanisms and genes involved in CF formation in other bacteria. Since orthologous genes are also present in C. jejuni, we suggest that CF formation in these bacteria is also a regulated and genetically determined process. A possible significance of CF in the lifestyle of this important bacterial pathogen is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ikeda
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon Thames, KT1 2EE UK
| | - A V Karlyshev
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon Thames, KT1 2EE UK
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Chai LC, Robin T, Ragavan UM, Gunsalam JW, Bakar FA, Ghazali FM, Radu S, Kumar MP. Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in salad vegetables in Malaysia. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 117:106-11. [PMID: 17399832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to combine the techniques of most probable number (MPN) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for quantifying the prevalence and numbers of Campylobacter spp. in ulam, a popular Malaysian salad dish, from a traditional wet market and two modern supermarkets in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 309 samples of raw vegetables which are used in ulam were examined in the study. The prevalences of campylobacters in raw vegetables were, for supermarket I, Campylobacter spp., 51.9%; Campylobacter jejuni, 40.7%; and Campylobacter coli, 35.2%: for supermarket II, Campylobacter spp., 67.7%; C. jejuni, 67.7%; and C. coli, 65.7%: and for the wet market, Campylobacter spp., 29.4%; C. jejuni, 25.5%; and C. coli, 22.6%. In addition Campylobacter fetus was detected in 1.9% of raw vegetables from supermarket I. The maximum numbers of Campylobacter spp. in raw vegetables from supermarkets and the wet market were >2400 and 460 MPN/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Ching Chai
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43300 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Sung KD, Stern NJ, Hiett KL. Relationship of messenger RNA reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction signal to Campylobacter spp. viability. Avian Dis 2004; 48:254-62. [PMID: 15283412 DOI: 10.1637/7062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY. Discriminating viable from dead cells is of importance in the development of bacterial detection methods. A positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification signal was tested as a potential predictor of chick colonization. Some researchers have suggested that the presence of messenger RNA (mRNA) may not correlate with cell viability. Chicken colonization by cells that have positive mRNA signal but that are noncultivable would provide a correlation in cell viability and persistence of mRNA. The role of a viable but noncultivable (VBNC) form of Campylobacter spp. for colonization of poultry could be verified by such an mRNA signal. The levels of four strains of Campylobacter spp., previously isolated from poultry feces, declined progressively over time, and loss of cultivability occurred after 6 to 7 wk incubation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 4 C. Cold-stored, noncultivable and heat-inactivated (60 C for 10 min) Campylobacter spp. produced inconsistent amplified products from RT-PCR assay, depending on the target transcripts and strains used, although all fresh cultures showed mRNA signals. For the most part, signals of mRNA species from VBNC and heat-killed Campylobacter spp. AH-1, AH-2, and CH-3 persisted. RT-PCR amplification of transcripts originating from the tkt and cmp genes and a 256-base pair amplicon (from a previously described putative haem-copper oxidase) provided consistent signals, whereas transcripts from the flaA gene did not. Presumed VBNC and heat-inactivated Campylobacter spp., which produced positive mRNA signal but was not cultivable by conventional culture-based methods, did not establish colonization in the intestine of chicks 7 days after challenge. These results lead us to question the correlation between mRNA durability with cell viability as well as the significance of the VBNC cells in environmental transmission of Campylobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Sung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA
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9
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Keramas G, Bang DD, Lund M, Madsen M, Bunkenborg H, Telleman P, Christensen CBV. Use of culture, PCR analysis, and DNA microarrays for detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from chicken feces. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:3985-91. [PMID: 15364980 PMCID: PMC516363 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.9.3985-3991.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2003] [Revised: 01/27/2004] [Accepted: 05/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A DNA microarray for detection of Campylobacter spp. was recently developed and applied to detect Campylobacter spp. directly from chicken feces. Sixty-five pooled chicken cloacal swab samples from 650 individual broiler chickens were included in the study. The results of Campylobacter sp. detection obtained with DNA microarrays were compared to those obtained by conventional culture and gel electrophoresis. By conventional culture, 60% of the samples were positive for either Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli. By PCR and capillary electrophoresis, 95% of the samples were positive for Campylobacter spp., whereas with DNA microarrays all samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. By application of DNA microarray analysis, the isolates in 4 samples (6%) could not be identified to the species level, whereas by PCR-capillary electrophoresis, the isolates in 12 samples (19%) remained unidentified. Interestingly, PCR-capillary electrophoresis analysis revealed that two (3%) of the samples were positive for both C. jejuni and C. coli, while DNA microarray analysis revealed that nine (14%) of the samples were positive for both species. Of 65 samples, 2 samples were identified to contain C. coli by conventional culture but were positive for C. jejuni by both PCR-capillary electrophoresis and DNA microarray analysis. The discrepancy between the methods is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Keramas
- MIC-Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU-Building 345 east, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Rudi K, Høidal HK, Katla T, Johansen BK, Nordal J, Jakobsen KS. Direct real-time PCR quantification of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken fecal and cecal samples by integrated cell concentration and DNA purification. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:790-7. [PMID: 14766556 PMCID: PMC348921 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.2.790-797.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of diarrheal disease and food-borne gastroenteritis. The main reservoir of C. jejuni in poultry is the cecum, with an estimated content of 6 to 8 log10 CFU/g. If a flock is infected with C. jejuni, the majority of the birds in that flock will harbor the bacterium. Diagnostics at the flock level could thus be an important control point. The aim of the work presented here was to develop a complete quantitative PCR-based detection assay for C. jejuni obtained directly from cecal contents and fecal samples. We applied an approach in which the same paramagnetic beads were used both for cell isolation and for DNA purification. This integrated approach enabled both fully automated and quantitative sample preparation and a DNA extraction method. We developed a complete quantitative diagnostic assay through the combination of the sample preparation approach and real-time 5'-nuclease PCR. The assay was evaluated both by spiking the samples with C. jejuni and through the detection of C. jejuni in naturally colonized chickens. Detection limits between 2 and 25 CFU per PCR and a quantitative range of >4 log10 were obtained for spiked fecal and cecal samples. Thirty-one different poultry flocks were screened for naturally colonized chickens. A total of 262 (204 fecal and 58 cecal) samples were analyzed. Nineteen of the flocks were Campylobacter positive, whereas 12 were negative. Two of the flocks contained Campylobacter species other than C. jejuni. There was a large difference in the C. jejuni content, ranging from 4 to 8 log10 CFU/g of fecal or cecal material, for the different flocks tested. Some issues that have not yet promoted much attention are the prequantitative differences in the ability of C. jejuni to colonize poultry and the importance of these differences for causing human disease through food contamination. Understanding the colonization kinetics in poultry is therefore of great importance for controlling human infections by this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Rudi
- MATFORSK, Norwegian Food Research Institute, 1430 As, Norway.
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11
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Keramas G, Bang DD, Lund M, Madsen M, Rasmussen SE, Bunkenborg H, Telleman P, Christensen CBV. Development of a sensitive DNA microarray suitable for rapid detection of Campylobacter spp. Mol Cell Probes 2003; 17:187-96. [PMID: 12944122 DOI: 10.1016/s0890-8508(03)00052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is the most common cause of human acute bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, widely distributed and isolated from human clinical samples as well as from many other different sources. To comply with the demands of consumers for food safety, there is a need for development of a rapid, sensitive and specific detection method for Campylobacter. In this study, we present the development of a novel sensitive DNA-microarray based detection method, evaluated on Campylobacter and non-Campylobacter reference strains, to detect Campylobacter directly from the faecal cloacal swabs. The DNA-microarray method consists of two steps: first, both universal bacterial sequences and specific Campylobacter sequences (size range: 149-307 bp) are amplified and fluorescently labeled using multiplex-PCR, targeting the 16S rRNA, the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic region and specific Campylobacter genes. Secondly, the Cy5 labeled PCR-amplicons are hybridised to immobilised capture probes on the microarray. The method allows detection of three to thirty genome equivalents (6-60 fg DNA) of Campylobacter within 3 h, with a hands on time of only 15 min. Using the DNA-microarrays, two closely related Campylobacter species, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli could be detected and differentiated directly from chicken faeces. The DNA-microarray method has a high potential for automation and incorporation into a dedicated mass screening microsystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Keramas
- Mikroelektronik Centret (MIC), Technical University of Denmark, Building 345 East, Kongens 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Cheng Z, Griffiths MW. Rapid detection of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken rinse water by melting-peak analysis of amplicons in real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Food Prot 2003; 66:1343-52. [PMID: 12929818 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-66.8.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Five DNA extraction protocols for the detection of Campylobacter spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were compared. A method involving Triton X-100 produced template DNA of sufficient quality to allow the detection of Campylobacter jejuni at levels of 100 CFU/ml in pure culture. Primers were designed on the basis of the cadF gene sequence. With a SYBR Green I real-time PCR assay, these primers amplified only sequences present in C. jejuni to produce a product with a melting temperature of 81.5 degrees C. None of the strains of Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari, or Campylobacter fetus tested produced this product during the PCR assay. Other noncampylobacter species tested were shown not to possess the cadF sequence. The real-time PCR combined with a rapid, simple Triton X-100 DNA extraction protocol made it possible to detect < 10 CFU of C. jejuni per ml of chicken rinse within 14 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 43 McGilvray Street, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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13
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Alonso JL, Mascellaro S, Moreno Y, Ferrús MA, Hernández J. Double-staining method for differentiation of morphological changes and membrane integrity of Campylobacter coli cells. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:5151-4. [PMID: 12324366 PMCID: PMC126449 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.10.5151-5154.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a double-staining procedure involving NanoOrange dye (Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oreg.) and membrane integrity stains (LIVE/DEAD BacLight kit; Molecular Probes) to show the morphological and membrane integrity changes of Campylobacter coli cells during growth. The conversion from a spiral to a coccoid morphology via intermediary forms and the membrane integrity changes of the C. coli cells can be detected with the double-staining procedure. Our data indicate that young or actively growing cells are mainly spiral shaped (green-stained cells), but older cells undergo a degenerative change to coccoid forms (red-stained cells). Club-shaped transition cell forms were observed with NanoOrange stain. Chlorinated drinking water affected the viability but not the morphology of C. coli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Alonso
- Instituto de Hidrología y Medio Natural. Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Bang DD, Wedderkopp A, Pedersen K, Madsen M. Rapid PCR using nested primers of the 16S rRNA and the hippuricase (hip O) genes to detect Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in environmental samples. Mol Cell Probes 2002; 16:359-69. [PMID: 12477440 DOI: 10.1006/mcpr.2002.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Identification of sources Campylobacter infection in the poultry houses is in general problematic due to the lack of reliable methods to detect campylobacteria in environmental samples. Detection of campylobacteria in environmental samples by conventional culture methods is difficult and of limited sensitivity due to the use of selective media, the low number of bacteria in the samples and possibly also due to the presence of non-culturable or sub-lethally injured stages of the bacteria. The present paper describes a rapid PCR assay using nested primers of the 16S rRNA or the hippuricase (hip O) genes to detect Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in environmental samples. The sensitivity of the nested PCR was determined to be 0.01 pg/PCR, corresponding to 2-3 colony forming units (cfu) per ml. The nested PCR assays were applied to detect C. jejuni and C. coli in 269 environmental samples collected from ten broiler farms. The sensitivity, specificity and the usefulness of the PCR assay for detection of C. jejuni and C. coli in environmental samples are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Bang
- Department of Poultry, Fish, and Fur Animals, Danish Veterinary Institute, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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15
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Yu LS, Uknalis J, Tu SI. Immunomagnetic separation methods for the isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from ground poultry meats. J Immunol Methods 2001; 256:11-8. [PMID: 11516751 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(01)00372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is now recognized as a leading foodborne pathogen, for which poultry products constitute the main transmission route. Two alternative immunomagnetic beads (IMB) were tested for direct detection of C. jejuni ATCC 35918 in artificially inoculated ground poultry meats and culture suspension. Polyclonal anti-Campylobacter antibodies were used to coat tosylactivated Dynabeads. The same antibodies conjugated with biotin were used to label streptavidin-coated beads. After these beads were incubated with inoculated poultry slurry or culture suspension, Campylobacter-bead complexes were separated from other components with a magnet. The capture efficiency was tested by plating bead-captured cells and unbound cells in the supernatant onto Karmali agar. The effects of different coating procedures, incubation time (60, 90, 120 min), numbers of immunomagnetic beads (10(6) to 10(7)/ml) and innoculum levels (10(3) to 10(7) CFU/g or ml) were determined. Without pre-enrichment, this approach could detect 10(4) CFU/g of ground poultry meats. These methods represent a new approach to extracting, concentrating and isolating Campylobacter spp. directly from foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Yu
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
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16
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BANG DANGDUONG, PEDERSEN KARL, MADSEN MOGENS. DEVELOPMENT OF A PCR ASSAY SUITABLE FOR CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. MASS SCREENING PROGRAMS IN BROILER PRODUCTION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2001.tb00233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Moreno Y, Herńandez M, Ferrús MA, Alonso JL, Botella S, Montes R, Hernández J. Direct detection of thermotolerant campylobacters in chicken products by PCR and in situ hybridization. Res Microbiol 2001; 152:577-82. [PMID: 11501676 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(01)01232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated the use of PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques for the detection of thermotolerant campylobacters in naturally contaminated chicken products. 16S rRNA sequence data was used to design two specific primers and an oligonucleotide probe for PCR and FISH analyses, respectively. The PCR protocol amplified a 439-bp fragment corresponding to a portion of specific 16S RNA gene from thermotolerant campylobacters. The detection range of the PCR assay varied between 10 cells (after enrichment) to 10(2) cells per mL (without enrichment). FISH probes were able to identify thermotolerant Campylobacter species in 'spiked' and 'unspiked' naturally contaminated samples. PCR and FISH were performed on naturally contaminated samples and compared with the isolation of cells on selective media. The in situ hybridization technique was less sensitive than PCR, although its sensitivity of detection was increased considerably after 22 h of enrichment. These results confirm the usefulness of 16S rRNA-based techniques for the direct detection of campylobacters in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Moreno
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica, Valencia, Spain
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18
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A survey on the incidence of Campylobacter spp. and the development of a surface adhesion polymerase chain reaction (SA-PCR) assay for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni in retail meat products. Food Microbiol 2001. [DOI: 10.1006/fmic.2001.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Waller DF, Ogata SA. Quantitative immunocapture PCR assay for detection of Campylobacter jejuni in foods. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:4115-8. [PMID: 10966437 PMCID: PMC92267 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.9.4115-4118.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid detection of food-borne bacterial pathogens as part of a quality control program is necessary for the maintenance of a safe food supply. In this report, we present our findings for an immunocapture PCR method for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni in foods. The method permits direct detection of the pathogen without an enrichment step and can be performed in approximately 8 h. Assay results are quantitative, and one cell in a milliliter sample can be detected. Application of the method to spiked milk samples and chicken skin washes did not affect the sensitivity of the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Waller
- Hawaii Biotechnology Group, Inc., Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA
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20
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Waage AS, Vardund T, Lund V, Kapperud G. Detection of small numbers of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli cells in environmental water, sewage, and food samples by a seminested PCR assay. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:1636-43. [PMID: 10103261 PMCID: PMC91231 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.4.1636-1643.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive assay was developed for detection of small numbers of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli cells in environmental water, sewage, and food samples. Water and sewage samples were filtered, and the filters were enriched overnight in a nonselective medium. The enrichment cultures were prepared for PCR by a rapid and simple procedure consisting of centrifugation, proteinase K treatment, and boiling. A seminested PCR based on specific amplification of the intergenic sequence between the two Campylobacter flagellin genes, flaA and flaB, was performed, and the PCR products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. The assay allowed us to detect 3 to 15 CFU of C. jejuni per 100 ml in water samples containing a background flora consisting of up to 8, 700 heterotrophic organisms per ml and 10,000 CFU of coliform bacteria per 100 ml. Dilution of the enriched cultures 1:10 with sterile broth prior to the PCR was sometimes necessary to obtain positive results. The assay was also conducted with food samples analyzed with or without overnight enrichment. As few as </=3 CFU per g of food could be detected with samples subjected to overnight enrichment, while variable results were obtained for samples analyzed without prior enrichment. This rapid and sensitive nested PCR assay provides a useful tool for specific detection of C. jejuni or C. coli in drinking water, as well as environmental water, sewage, and food samples containing high levels of background organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Waage
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
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21
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Tholozan JL, Cappelier JM, Tissier JP, Delattre G, Federighi M. Physiological characterization of viable-but-nonculturable Campylobacter jejuni cells. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:1110-6. [PMID: 10049870 PMCID: PMC91151 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.3.1110-1116.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a pathogenic, microaerophilic, gram-negative, mesophilic bacterium. Three strains isolated from humans with enteric campylobacteriosis were able to survive at high population levels (10(7) cells ml-1) as viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) forms in microcosm water. The VBNC forms of the three C. jejuni strains were enumerated and characterized by using 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride-4',6-diamino-2-phenylindole staining. Cellular volume, adenylate energy charge, internal pH, intracellular potassium concentration, and membrane potential values were determined in stationary-phase cell suspensions after 48 h of culture on Columbia agar and after 1 to 30 days of incubation in microcosm water and compared. A notable increase in cell volume was observed with the VBNC state; the average cell volumes were 1.73 microliter mg of protein-1 for the culturable form and 10.96 microliter mg of protein-1 after 30 days of incubation in microcosm water. Both the internal potassium content and the membrane potential were significantly lower in the VBNC state than in the culturable state. Culturable cells were able to maintain a difference of 0.6 to 0.9 pH unit between the internal and external pH values; with VBNC cells this difference decreased progressively with time of incubation in microcosm water. Measurements of the cellular adenylate nucleotide concentrations revealed that the cells had a low adenylate energy charge (0.66 to 0.26) after 1 day of incubation in microcosm water, and AMP was the only nucleotide detected in the three strains after 30 days of incubation in microcosm water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Tholozan
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et de Technologie Alimentaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-59651 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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22
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Evidence of non-coccoid viable but non-culturableCampylobacter jejunicells in microcosm water by direct viable count, CTC-DAPI double staining, and scanning electron microscopy. Food Microbiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1006/fmic.1998.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Höller C, Witthuhn D, Janzen-Blunck B. Effect of low temperatures on growth, structure, and metabolism of Campylobacter coli SP10. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64:581-7. [PMID: 9464397 PMCID: PMC106086 DOI: 10.1128/aem.64.2.581-587.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of low temperatures on the survival, structure, and metabolism of Campylobacter coli SP10, a virulent strain, was investigated. C. coli became nonculturable rapidly at 20 and 10 degree C and slightly later at 4 degrees C. Incubation in a microaerobic atmosphere improved survival, but after day 8, campylobacters were detectable by direct-count procedures only. The increase in the number of coccoid cells was most pronounced at 37 degrees C but also was noticeable at 20 and 10 degrees C. Two forms of coccoid cells were seen electron microscopically, but only one (20 and 10 degrees C) seemed to be a degenerative form. The flagella were shorter at 20 and 10 degrees C, a result which correlates well with the observed slight changes in the 62-kDa protein band. The fatty acid composition of bacterial cells was influenced significantly by low temperatures. An increase in the short-chain and unsaturated acids was noted; above all, a drastic increase in C19:0 cyc at 20 degrees C with a concomitant decrease in C18:1 trans9,cis11 was seen. The concentrations of excreted metabolites were analyzed to obtain information on metabolic activity. Depending on the magnitude of the temperature downshift, the production of organic acids decreased, but it was always observable after a temperature-specific lag phase and regardless of ability to be cultured. Under optimal conditions, succinate, lactate, and acetate were the main metabolites, other acids being of less importance. The pattern changed significantly at lower temperatures. Succinate was never detected at 20 degrees C and was only occasionally detected at 10 and 4 degrees C. At the same time, fumarate concentrations, which are normally not detectable at 37 degrees C, were highest at 20 degrees C and reduced at 10 and 4 degrees C. Inactivation of fumarate reductase was considered to be a possible explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Höller
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany.
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24
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Ng LK, Kingombe CI, Yan W, Taylor DE, Hiratsuka K, Malik N, Garcia MM. Specific detection and confirmation of Campylobacter jejuni by DNA hybridization and PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:4558-63. [PMID: 9361442 PMCID: PMC168775 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.11.4558-4563.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional detection and confirmation methods for Campylobacter jejuni are lengthy and tedious. A rapid hybridization protocol in which a 1,475-bp chromogen-labelled DNA probe (pDT1720) and Campylobacter strains filtered and grown on 0.22-micron-pore-size hydrophobic grid membrane filters (HGMFs) are used was developed. Among the environmental and clinical isolates of C. jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni subsp. doylei, Campylobacter lari, and Arcobacter nitrofigilis and a panel of 310 unrelated bacterial strains tested, only C. jejuni and C. jejuni subsp. doylei isolates hybridized with the probe under stringent conditions. The specificity of the probe was confirmed when the protocol was applied to spiked skim milk and chicken rinse samples. Based on the nucleotide sequence of pDT1720, a pair of oligonucleotide primers was designed for PCR amplification of DNA from Campylobacter spp. and other food pathogens grown overnight in selective Mueller-Hinton broth with cefoperazone and growth supplements. All C. jejuni strains tested, including DNase-producing strains and C. jejuni subsp. doylei, produced a specific 402-bp amplicon, as confirmed by restriction and Southern blot analysis. The detection range of the assay was as low as 3 CFU per PCR to as high as 10(5) CFU per PCR for pure cultures. Overnight enrichment of chicken rinse samples spiked initially with as little as approximately 10 CFU/ml produced amplicons after the PCR. No amplicon was detected with any of the other bacterial strains tested or from the chicken background microflora. Since C. jejuni is responsible for 99% of Campylobacter contamination in poultry, PCR and HGMF hybridization were performed on naturally contaminated chicken rinse samples, and the results were compared with the results of conventional cultural isolation on Preston agar. All samples confirmed to be culture positive for C. jejuni were also identified by DNA hybridization and PCR amplification, thus confirming that these DNA-based technologies are suitable alternatives to time-consuming conventional detection methods. DNA hybridization, besides being sensitive, also has the potential to be used in direct enumeration of C. jejuni organisms in chicken samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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25
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Uyttendaele M, Bastiaansen A, Debevere J. Evaluation of the NASBA nucleic acid amplification system for assessment of the viability of Campylobacter jejuni. Int J Food Microbiol 1997; 37:13-20. [PMID: 9237117 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(97)00039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although NASBA uses RNA as a target molecule for amplification, the nucleic acid amplification system cannot be used for differentiating viable and non-viable C. jejuni. It was shown that 16S rRNA, or the defined sequence within the 16S rRNA enclosed by the primer set applied, is fairly stable and resistant to heating at 100 degrees C. False-positive results can occur in case of direct NASBA detection of C. jejuni in foods. These false positive results due to amplification of RNA from dead cells were eliminated by prior selective enrichment in Preston medium for 24 h at 42 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Uyttendaele
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, University of Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Harmon KM, Ransom GM, Wesley IV. Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli by polymerase chain reaction. Mol Cell Probes 1997; 11:195-200. [PMID: 9232618 DOI: 10.1006/mcpr.1997.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A multiplex PCR assay was developed using two primer sets for the identification and differentiation of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni. Primer Set I amplifies a 460-bp fragment present in C. coli and C. jejuni. Set II amplifies a 160-bp target unique to C. jejuni. When the assay was performed on reference strains, amplification of C. coli yielded only the 460-bp fragment. Amplification of C. jejuni generated both the 160- and 460-bp fragments. Campylobacter field strains (n = 85) isolated from raw poultry were identified by PCR and by conventional biochemical methods. Species determination by the two methods agreed for 83 of the 85 isolates examined. By PCR, 23 were identified as C. coli and 62 as C. jejuni. One isolate was unidentifiable by biochemical testing. The PCR assay identified this isolated as C. coli. In addition, one strain which was identified as C. coli by biochemical testing was determined to be C. jejuni by PCR. The PCR assay offers an alternative to traditional biochemical typing methods for the identification and differentiation of C. coli and C. jejuni isolated from poultry. It is accurate, simple to perform, and can be completed within 8 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Harmon
- Enteric Diseases and Food Safety Research Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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27
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Lamoureux M, Fliss L, Blais BW, Messier S, Holley RA, Simard RE. Microtitre plate hybridization system for detection of thermophilic Campylobacter rRNA. J Appl Microbiol 1997; 82:259-66. [PMID: 12452603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb03582.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A microtitre plate nucleic acid probe hybridization system was developed for the detection of ribosomal RNA from thermophilic Campylobacter (Camp. jejuni, Camp. coli, Camp. lari and Camp. upsaliensis). A specific DNA probe obtained by amplification of 23S rRNA sequences using the polymerase chain reaction technique was immobilized on a microtitre plate, and used for hybridization with target 23S rRNA from cell lysates. The RNA-DNA hybrids thus formed in the wells were detected by an immunoenzymatic assay using a monoclonal antiRNA-DNA hybrid antibody. The sensitivity of this system was 2.7 x 10(4) cells ml(-1). This simple, sensitive and inexpensive hybridization and immunoenzymatic assay system should facilitate the detection of Campylobacter in food and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lamoureux
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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28
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Lamoureux M, Fliss I, Blais B, Messier S, Holley R, Simard R. Microtitre plate hybridization system for detection of thermophilic Campylobacter rRNA. J Appl Microbiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb02860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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29
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Jackson C, Fox A, Jones D. A novel polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and speciation of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. J Appl Microbiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb01941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Jackson CJ, Fox AJ, Jones DM. A novel polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and speciation of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1996; 81:467-73. [PMID: 8939024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel PCR amplification method is described which is specific for the thermophilic, enteropathogenic species Campylobacter jejuni, Camp. coli and Camp. upsaliensis. Rapid, accurate speciation of amplified strains is possible on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms of PCR products digested with three restriction enzymes, AluI, DdeI and DraI. The sensitivity of detection is 25 cfu in water, and 2 x 10(3) cfu in full cream milk. An epidemiological application of the assay in detecting non-culturable campylobacters from a contaminated potable water supply is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Jackson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Manchester Public Health Laboratory, Withington Hospital, UK
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31
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Koenraad PM, Giesendorf BA, Henkens MH, Beumer RR, Quint WG. Methods for the detection of Campylobacter in sewage: evaluation of efficacy of enrichment and isolation media, applicability of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Latex Agglutination Assay. J Microbiol Methods 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7012(95)00031-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Hazeleger WC, Janse JD, Koenraad PM, Beumer RR, Rombouts FM, Abee T. Temperature-dependent membrane fatty acid and cell physiology changes in coccoid forms of Campylobacter jejuni. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:2713-9. [PMID: 7618883 PMCID: PMC167543 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.7.2713-2719.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of temperature and the availability of nutrients on the transition of spiral Campylobacter jejuni cells to coccoid forms was investigated. Ageing of spiral C. jejuni cells in either nutrient-poor or nutrient-rich environments resulted in the formation of nonculturable coccoid cells at 4, 12, and 25 degrees C after different periods, with the cells incubated at 4 degrees C in nutrient-deficient media remaining culturable the longest. To study the phenomenon, ATP levels, protein profiles, and fatty acid compositions were monitored under conditions where the transition from spiral to coccoid cells occurred. During storage, the levels of intracellular ATP were highest in cells incubated at low temperatures (4 and 12 degrees C) and remained constant after a small initial decrease. During the transformation from spiral to coccoid forms, no alteration in protein profiles could be detected; indeed, inhibition of protein synthesis by chloramphenicol did not influence the transition. Furthermore, DNA damage by gamma irradiation had no effect on the process. Membrane fatty acid composition of cocci formed at low temperatures was found to be almost identical to that of spiral cells, whereas that of cocci formed at 25 degrees C was clearly different. Combining these results, it is concluded that the formation of cocci is not an active process. However, distinctions between cocci formed at different temperatures were observed. Cocci formed at 4 degrees C show characteristics comparable to those of spirals, and these cocci may well play a role in the contamination cycle of C. jejuni.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Hazeleger
- Department of Food Science, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands
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