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Barnabé N, Butler M, Hasinoff BB. The effect of the catalytic topoisomerase II inhibitor dexrazoxane (ICRF-187) on CC9C10 hybridoma viability and productivity. Cytotechnology 2011; 37:107-17. [PMID: 19002907 DOI: 10.1023/a:1019910213964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of dexrazoxane on monoclonal antibody (Mab) production by CC9C10 hybridoma cells was investigated. Dexrazoxane is a catalytic inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase II. DNA topoisomerase II has a critical role in DNA metabolism and its inhibition by dexrazoxane can prevent completion of cytokinesis. Incubation of hybridomas with dexrazoxane was found to increase specific monoclonal antibody production by up to four-fold. However, due to the growth inhibitory effects of dexrazoxane the total Mab yield decreased by 40%. Under high density culture conditions(defined here as 10(6) cells ml(-1)) specific monoclonal antibody production increased by up to 37%, which was, however, accompanied by up to a 48% decrease in Mab yield. Hybridomasthat were incubated with dexrazoxane significantly increased in size due to the inhibition of cytokinesis. Dexrazoxane was also observed to induce a delayed apoptosis in the hybridomas. The caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk slightly decreased the apoptotic effects of dexrazoxane. Preincubation with the caspase inhibitorZ-Asp-CH2-DCB had no effect on dexrazoxane-treated hybridomas, but it did have antiapoptotic effects on the untreated hybridomas which normally undergo a significant basal level of apoptosis. In conclusion, dexrazoxane-induced growth inhibition (which results in higher specific antibody production) and apoptosis inhibition (which results in prolonged viability) has the potential to significantly enhance the productivity of hybridoma cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Barnabé
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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2
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Radhika NK, Sreejith PS, Asha VV. Cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of Cheilanthes farinosa (Forsk.) Kaulf. against human hepatoma, Hep3B cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:166-171. [PMID: 20064591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Cheilanthes farinosa (Forsk.) Kaulf., family: Adianthaceae, is a fern of immense medicinal properties used in ethno-medicine. The Gaddis tribe of Himachal Pradesh, India, has been using this fern to treat liver damage. Aim of the current study was to determine the apoptosis inducing and cytotoxic activity, if any, of this fern towards hepatic cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water extract of the plant was used in the study. MTT assay was performed in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, Hep3B as well as murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7 to analyze the cytotoxic activity of the plant. Further, the apoptosis inducing action of water extract of the plant was evaluated using comet assay, DNA fragmentation analysis, DAPI staining of chromatin and Annexin V-FITC staining. RESULTS This plant was found to produce considerable cytotoxicity in hepatoma cell line, Hep3B without inducing substantial damage to non-cancerous cell line RAW264.7. In addition, this plant was found to induce apoptosis in Hep3B cells. This was substantiated by comet assay, DNA fragmentation analysis, DAPI staining of chromatin and Annexin V-FITC staining for detecting early stage of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This investigation shows that the water extract of Cheilanthes farinosa has antiproliferative and apoptotic activity in human liver cancer cells and is not deleterious towards non-cancerous macrophage cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Krishna Radhika
- Bioprospecting and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Division of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
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Yun Z, Takagi M, Yoshida T. Repeated addition of insulin for dynamic control of apoptosis in serum-free culture of Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(03)90097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yun Z, Takagi M, Yoshida T. Combined addition of glutathione and iron chelators for decrease of intracellular level of reactive oxygen species and death of chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(03)80116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Yun Z, Takagi M, Yoshida T. Effect of antioxidants on the apoptosis of CHO cells and production of tissue plasminogen activator in suspension culture. J Biosci Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Deshpande M, Katdare M, Parab PB. Supplementation with soybean lipids reduces goat serum-induced apoptosis in the B cell hybridoma CC9C10. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2000; 36:1-3. [PMID: 10691032 DOI: 10.1290/1071-2690(2000)036<0001:swslrg>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Fransek F, Koutník P. Separation of oligonucleosomal DNA fragments from apoptotic animal cells using a triad of Sephacryl columns. J Chromatogr A 1998; 806:61-5. [PMID: 9639881 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of DNA, resulting in information of oligonucleosomal fragments, is a characteristic feature of apoptosis, i.e., the process of programmed cell death. In this work we have developed a method for exact determination of the proportion of fragmented DNA in an apoptotic cell population. To this end we employed Sephacryl gel chromatography matrices and UV detection of DNA concentration. The disturbing effect of low-molecular-mass UV-absorbing contaminants was eliminated by insertion of a Sephacryl S-200 HR pre-column. Optimum resolution of DNA samples isolated from apoptotic cells was achieved using a triad of Sephacryl S-200 HR, Sephacryl S-500 HR and Sephacryl S-1000 SF columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fransek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
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8
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al-Rubeai M. Apoptosis and cell culture technology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1998; 59:225-49. [PMID: 9435462 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The importance of apoptosis in cell culture has now been widely recognised. Recent work has shown that this process is widely manifested during the in vitro cultivation of commercially important mammalian cell lines. In this review I summarise what is now known of the characteristics, significance and regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis. As the process of cell proliferation and cell death are now considered intimately related, particular attention is paid to highlight the progress and opportunities in the field of cell culture engineering. The strategies that have been undertaken to prevent the induction of apoptosis in cell culture and those which have been suggested as possibilities to improve culture productivity through the apoptosis route are discussed with given examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M al-Rubeai
- Centre for Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, UK
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9
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Siles BA, Nackerdien ZE, Collier GB. Analysis of DNA fragmentation using a dynamic size-sieving polymer solution in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1997; 771:319-29. [PMID: 9210317 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Various natural and induced processes cause DNA fragmentation. Examples of these processes include apoptosis, enzymatic digestion, free radical production from ionizing radiation, photoscission by laser radiation and thermal degradation. Slab gel electrophoresis has been used most often to monitor such DNA damage. We have investigated with capillary electrophoresis the use of a new size-sieving polymer solution, TreviSol-CE (TS-CE), to monitor the DNA fragments produced from a variety of degradation processes. This polymer solution provides high run-to-run migration time and peak width reproducibilities and high separation efficiency of double-stranded DNA fragments in the 500 to 7000 base pair size range. Analysis of apoptotic DNA fragments suggested the presence of multiple nucleosomes within each cell type investigated. For irradiated DNA standards, peak-width-at-half-height and peak area were used to monitor the progress of DNA fragmentation. For both apoptotic DNA and irradiated DNA standards, fine structural features of fragmentation were revealed.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- DNA Fragmentation
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/drug effects
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Deoxyribonucleases/pharmacology
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/instrumentation
- Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods
- Gamma Rays
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Particle Size
- Polymers
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Siles
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Singh RP, Finka G, Emery AN, Al-Rubeai M. Apoptosis and its control in cell culture systems. Cytotechnology 1997; 23:87-93. [PMID: 22358524 PMCID: PMC3449870 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007971703392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death which exhibits highly distinctive morphology. Research activity in this area has increased substantially in recent years, primarily due to the realisation that disregulation of apoptosis is involved in the development of a number of pathological conditions, including cancer and AIDS. However, it is now clear that apoptosis also represents the dominant form of cell death during the culture of industrially important cell lines. This review focuses on the induction of apoptosis during industrial cell cultures as well as the effects of the apoptosis suppresser gene bcl-2 on cell survival in conditions relevant to bioreaction environments. We also present new data which demonstrates that bcl-2 can protect cells from apoptosis induced by oxygen deprivation, a finding which has important implications for large scale and intensive cultivation of cells. We also describe experiments which suggest that bcl-2 can reduce the specific nutrient consumption rate of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Singh
- Centre for Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Savonnière S, Zeghari N, Miccoli L, Muller S, Maugras M, Donner M. Effects of lipid supplementation of culture media on cell growth, antibody production, membrane structure and dynamics in two hybridomas. J Biotechnol 1996; 48:161-73. [PMID: 8818281 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(96)01392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipid organization and membrane fluidity affect cell functions. The effects of supplementing culture media with a lipid mixture (Ex-Cyte) containing cholesterol, phospholipids and fatty acids on cell growth, antibody production and membrane composition and dynamics in two hybridoma cell lines were studied. A49 cells decreased immunoglobulin production but cell growth increased. Lipids had no effect on the cell growth rate of B9 cells but increased immunoglobulin production and productivity. The fluidity of the deep areas of the plasma membrane and cytoplasmic organelles increased in the two cell lines. There was increased fluidity of the polar regions of the plasma membrane and a decreased phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylcholine ratio in A49 cells. B9 cells underwent no change in fluidity of the polar regions but the phosphatidylinositol content was increased, together with higher monoclonal antibody production. These results demonstrate that antibody production is not linked to the dynamic properties of the membrane, even though changes in the membrane phosphatidylinositol content are associated with the final step of antibody secretion, but that the action of phospholipids and fatty acids on cell growth is membrane-associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Savonnière
- Groupe de Recherches sur les Interactions Moléculaires aux Interfaces, Bâtiment INSERM, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
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Hale AJ, Smith CA, Sutherland LC, Stoneman VE, Longthorne VL, Culhane AC, Williams GT. Apoptosis: molecular regulation of cell death. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 236:1-26. [PMID: 8617251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The field of apoptosis is unusual in several respects. Firstly, its general importance has been widely recognised only in the past few years and its surprising significance is still being evaluated in a number of areas of biology. Secondly, although apoptosis is now accepted as a critical element in the repertoire of potential cellular responses, the picture of the intra-cellular processes involved is probably still incomplete, not just in its details, but also in the basic outline of the process as a whole. It is therefore a very interesting and active area at present and is likely to progress rapidly in the next two or three years. This review emphasises recent work on the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and, in particular, on the intracellular interactions which control this process. This latter area is of crucial importance since dysfunction of the normal control machinery is likely to have serious pathological consequences, probably including oncogenesis, autoimmunity and degenerative disease. The genetic analysis of programmed cell death during the development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has proved very useful in identifying important events in the cell death programme. Recently defined genetic connections between C. elegans cell death and mammalian apoptosis have emphasised the value of this system as a model for cell death in mammalian cells, which, inevitably, is more complex. The signals inducing apoptosis are very varied and the same signals can induce differentiation and proliferation in other situations. However, some pathways appear to be of particular significance in the control of cell death; recent analysis of the apoptosis induced through the cell-surface Fas receptor has been especially important for immunology. Two gene families are dealt with in particular detail because of their likely importance in apoptosis control. These are, first, the genes encoding the interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme family of cysteine proteases and, second, those related to the proto-oncogene bcl-2. Both of these families are homologous to cell death genes in C. elegans. In mammalian cells the number of members of both families which have been identified is growing rapidly and considerable effort is being directed towards establishing the roles played by each member and the ways in which they interact to regulate apoptosis. Other genes with established roles in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation are also important in controlling apoptosis. Several of these are known proto-oncogenes, e.g. c-myc, or tumour suppressors, e.g. p53, an observation which is consistent with the importance of defective apoptosis in the development of cancer. Viral manipulation of the apoptosis of host cells frequently involves interactions with these cellular proteins. Finally, the biochemistry of the closely controlled cellular self-destruction which ensues when the apoptosis programme has been engaged is also very important. The biochemical changes involved in inducing phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell, for example, allow the process to be neatly integrated within the tissues, under physiological conditions. Molecular defects in this area too may have important pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Hale
- Biological Sciences Department, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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Souvannavong V, Lemaire C, De Nay D, Brown S, Adam A. Expression of alkaline phosphatase by a B-cell hybridoma and its modulation during cell growth and apoptosis. Immunol Lett 1995; 47:163-70. [PMID: 8747713 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(95)00075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The 7TD1 B-cell hybridoma was found to spontaneously express alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme which is produced by splenic B lymphocytes once optimally activated. Determination of ALP levels during cell growth and departure to apoptosis showed fluctuations. Following a temporary increase within the first 24 h, enzyme expression was maintained at high levels during the early proliferation stage, and then declined from 3 to 4 days in mid-exponential phase to basal levels at day 6 when living cells were no longer detectable and the apoptotic process was completed. The protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (1 microg/ml), decreased ALP production while stimulating a strong apoptosis of 7TD1 cells, within 4 h. Aphidicolin (1 microg/ml) maintained ALP production and provoked a release of ALP activity into the surrounding medium; it also induced apoptosis, but with a 24 h delay. Quantification of apoptosis and ALP expression by flow cytometry, after simultaneous staining of DNA with Hoechst 33342 and ALP with naphthol AS-TR phosphate/Fast Red RC fluorescent reagent, revealed cell cycle modulation of ALP expression, its activity increasing as 7TD1 cells progressed from G1 phase into S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle in control as well as in drug-treated cells. Kinetics of drug-induced apoptosis and higher expression of ALP associated preferentially with active cell growth during the prevention stage of apoptosis suggested a possible link between cellular ALP expression and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Souvannavong
- CNRS-URA 1116, Institut de Biochimie, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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