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Dengl S, Sustmann C, Brinkmann U. Engineered hapten-binding antibody derivatives for modulation of pharmacokinetic properties of small molecules and targeted payload delivery. Immunol Rev 2016; 270:165-77. [PMID: 26864111 PMCID: PMC4755198 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hapten‐binding antibodies have for more than 50 years played a pivotal role in immunology, paving the way to antibody generation (as haptens are very important and robust immunogens), to antibody characterization (as the first structures generated more than 40 years ago were those of hapten binders), and enabled and expanded antibody engineering technologies. The latter field of engineered antibodies evolved over many years and many steps resulting in recombinant humanized or human‐derived antibody derivatives in multiple formats. Today, hapten‐binding antibodies are applied not only as reagents and tools (where they still play an important part) but evolved also to engineered targeting and pretargeting vehicles for disease diagnosis and therapy. Here we describe recent applications of hapten‐binding antibodies and of engineered mono‐ and bispecific hapten‐binding antibody derivatives. We have designed and applied these molecules for the modulation of the pharmacokinetic properties of small compounds or peptides. They are also integrated as additional binding entities into bispecific antibody formats. Here they serve as non‐covalent or covalent coupling modules to haptenylated compounds, to enable targeted payload delivery to disease tissues or cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dengl
- 1Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Claudio Sustmann
- 1Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- 1Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany
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Klarenbeek A, Blanchetot C, Schragel G, Sadi AS, Ongenae N, Hemrika W, Wijdenes J, Spinelli S, Desmyter A, Cambillau C, Hultberg A, Kretz-Rommel A, Dreier T, De Haard HJW, Roovers RC. Combining somatic mutations present in different in vivo affinity-matured antibodies isolated from immunized Lama glama yields ultra-potent antibody therapeutics. Protein Eng Des Sel 2016; 29:123-33. [PMID: 26945588 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly potent human antibodies are required to therapeutically neutralize cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) that is involved in many inflammatory diseases and malignancies. Although a number of mutagenesis approaches exist to perform antibody affinity maturation, these may cause antibody instability and production issues. Thus, a robust and easy antibody affinity maturation strategy to increase antibody potency remains highly desirable. By immunizing llama, cloning the 'immune' antibody repertoire and using phage display, we selected a diverse set of IL-6 antagonistic Fabs. Heavy chain shuffling was performed on the Fab with lowest off-rate, resulting in a panel of variants with even lower off-rate. Structural analysis of the Fab:IL-6 complex suggests that the increased affinity was partly due to a serine to tyrosine switch in HCDR2. This translated into neutralizing capacity in an in vivo model of IL-6 induced SAA production. Finally, a novel Fab library was designed, encoding all variations found in the natural repertoire of VH genes identified after heavy chain shuffling. High stringency selections resulted in identification of a Fab with 250-fold increased potency when re-formatted into IgG1. Compared with a heavily engineered anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody currently in clinical development, this IgG was at least equally potent, showing the engineering process to have had led to a highly potent anti-IL-6 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Klarenbeek
- arGEN-X BVBA, Technologiepark 30, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium Department of Cell Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht CH 3584, The Netherlands
| | | | - Georg Schragel
- Department of Cell Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht CH 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Ava S Sadi
- Department of Cell Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht CH 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Ongenae
- arGEN-X BVBA, Technologiepark 30, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Wieger Hemrika
- U-Protein Express BV, Padualaan 8, Utrecht CH 3584, The Netherlands
| | - John Wijdenes
- INSERM, Unité 1098, University of Franche-Comté, 1 bd A. Fleming, Besançon 25020, France
| | - Silvia Spinelli
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France
| | - Aline Desmyter
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France
| | - Christian Cambillau
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France
| | - Anna Hultberg
- arGEN-X BVBA, Technologiepark 30, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | | | - Torsten Dreier
- arGEN-X BVBA, Technologiepark 30, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Hans J W De Haard
- arGEN-X BVBA, Technologiepark 30, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium Department of Cell Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht CH 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C Roovers
- Department of Cell Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht CH 3584, The Netherlands
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Díez P, Jara-Acevedo R, González-González M, Casado-Vela J, Dasilva N, Lécrevisse Q, Bartolomé R, Claros JC, González A, López R, Orfao A, Fuentes M. High-throughgput phage-display screening in array format. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 79-80:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Liu Q, Zhang C, Yu L, Shi Y, Zhang L, Peng J, Ji X, Hou M. Study of a humanized inhibitory anti-platelet glycoprotein VI phage antibody from a phage antibody library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:60-7. [PMID: 26330203 DOI: 10.1179/1607845415y.0000000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aims of the study were to study the effect of anti-platelet glycoprotein (GP) VI auto-antibodies on platelet aggregation and use phage surface display technology to produce anti-platelet GPVI phage antibody fragment, which may be developed to inhibit platelet aggregation in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Methods Plasma samples from patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) were screened by monoclonal antibody immobilization of the platelet antigen assay and the platelet aggregation test for anti-platelet GPVI auto-antibody with an inhibitory effect. The humanized anti-platelet GPVI phage antibody was produced by phage surface display technology. The function of the phage antibody fragment against platelet aggregation was examined by the platelet aggregation test. Results Of 726 ITP patients, 2 (0.27%) patients' plasma significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen-1. After five rounds of selection, enrichment, and purification, a soluble phage antibody fragment was produced, which can inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen-1. The results demonstrate that only a few of the screened anti-platelet GPVI auto-antibodies showed an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Discussion A completely humanized anti-GPVI soluble phage antibody can be produced by phage surface display technology. The antibody was able to specifically block collagen-induced platelet aggregation without influencing the aggregation responses to other agonists. Conclusions Results of the present study suggest that very few anti-platelet GPVI auto-antibodies inhibit the aggregation function of platelet. The humanized anti-platelet GPVI produced by phage surface display technology is promising to be used to inhibit platelet aggregation in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Lim TS, Mollova S, Rubelt F, Sievert V, Dübel S, Lehrach H, Konthur Z. V-gene amplification revisited - An optimised procedure for amplification of rearranged human antibody genes of different isotypes. N Biotechnol 2010; 27:108-17. [PMID: 20083243 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
For studying human antibody variable (V)-gene usage in any group of individuals or for the generation of recombinant human antibody libraries for phage display, quality and yield of the amplified V-gene repertoire is of utmost importance. Key parameters affecting the amplification of full antibody repertoires are V-gene specific primer design, complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis from total RNA extracts of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and ultimately the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this work we analysed all these factors; we performed a detailed bioinformatic analysis of V-gene specific primers based on VBASE2 and evaluated the influence of different commercially available reverse transcriptases on cDNA synthesis and polymerases on PCR efficiency. The primers presented cover near to 100% of all functional and putatively functional V-genes in VBASE2 and the final protocol presents an optimised combination of commercial enzymes and reaction additives for cDNA synthesis and PCR conditions for V-gene amplification. Finally, applying this protocol in combination with different immunoglobulin (Ig) chain specific reverse primers we were able to amplify rearranged antibody genes of different isotypes under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theam Soon Lim
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Berlin, Germany
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Wang G, Ujiie H, Shibaki A, Nishie W, Tateishi Y, Kikuchi K, Li Q, McMillan JR, Morioka H, Sawamura D, Nakamura H, Shimizu H. Blockade of autoantibody-initiated tissue damage by using recombinant fab antibody fragments against pathogenic autoantigen. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 176:914-25. [PMID: 20042683 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the complement cascade via the classical pathway is required for the development of tissue injury in many autoantibody-mediated diseases. It therefore makes sense to block the pathological action of autoantibodies by preventing complement activation through inhibition of autoantibody binding to the corresponding pathogenic autoantigen using targeted Fab antibody fragments. To achieve this, we use bullous pemphigoid (BP) as an example of a typical autoimmune disease. Recombinant Fabs against the non-collagenous 16th-A domain of type XVII collagen, the main pathogenic epitope for autoantibodies in BP, were generated from antibody repertoires of BP patients by phage display. Two Fabs, Fab-B4 and Fab-19, showed marked ability to inhibit the binding of BP autoantibodies and subsequent complement activation in vitro. In the in vivo experiments using type XVII collagen humanized BP model mice, these Fabs protected mice against BP autoantibody-induced blistering disease. Thus, the blocking of pathogenic epitopes using engineered Fabs appears to demonstrate efficacy and may lead to disease-specific treatments for antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Sapporo, 060-8638 Japan
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Bernath K, Hai M, Mastrobattista E, Griffiths AD, Magdassi S, Tawfik DS. In vitro compartmentalization by double emulsions: sorting and gene enrichment by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Anal Biochem 2004; 325:151-7. [PMID: 14715296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2003.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions can be used to compartmentalize and select large gene libraries for a predetermined function. The aqueous droplets of the w/o emulsion function as cell-like compartments in each of which a single gene is transcribed and translated to give multiple copies of the protein (e.g., an enzyme) it encodes. While compartmentalization ensures that the gene, the protein it encodes, and the products of the activity of this protein remain linked, it does not directly afford a way of selecting for the desired activity. Here we show that re-emulsification of w/o emulsions gives water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsions with an external (continuous) water phase through which droplets containing fluorescent markers can be isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). These w/o/w emulsions can be sorted by FACS, while the content of the aqueous droplets of the primary w/o emulsion remains intact. Consequently, genes embedded in these water droplets together with a fluorescent marker can be isolated and enriched from an excess of genes embedded in water droplets without a fluorescent marker. The ability of FACS instruments to sort up to 40000 events per second may endow this technology a wide potential in the area of high-throughput screening and the directed evolution of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalia Bernath
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Abstract
Display technology refers to a collection of methods for creating libraries of modularly coded biomolecules that can be screened for desired properties. It has become a routine tool for enriching molecular diversity and producing novel types of proteins. The combination of an ever-increasing variety of libraries of modularly coded protein complexxes with the development of innovative approaches to select a wide array of desired properties has facilitated large-scale analyses of protein-protein/protein-substrate interactions, rapid isolation of antibodies (or antibody mimetics) without immunization, and function-based protein analysis. Several practical and theoretical challenges remain to be addressed before display technology can be readily applied to proteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- Department of Physiology and Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Braunagel M, Little M. Construction of a semisynthetic antibody library using trinucleotide oligos. Nucleic Acids Res 1997; 25:4690-1. [PMID: 9358184 PMCID: PMC147064 DOI: 10.1093/nar/25.22.4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A semisynthetic antibody library composed of single chain Fv fragments (scFv) was constructed by replacing the heavy chain CDR3 region of a human scFv by a random sequence of eight amino acids using trinucleotide codons. After cloning into a phage display vector, an antibody library was generated with a complexity of 8 x 10(8) independent clones. The library was screened for binders to dinitrophenol, fluorescein isothiocyanate and 3-nitro-4-hydroxy-5-iodophenylacetic acid. scFv antibodies that specifically bound the antigen were obtained in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Braunagel
- Recombinant Antibody Group, Division of Diagnosis and Experimental Therapy, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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