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Zhao W, Zhu J, Lu H, Zhu J, Jiang F, Wang W, Luo L, Kang L, Cui F. The nucleocapsid protein of rice stripe virus in cell nuclei of vector insect regulates viral replication. Protein Cell 2021; 13:360-378. [PMID: 33675514 PMCID: PMC7936609 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) transmitted by the small brown planthopper causes severe rice yield losses in Asian countries. Although viral nuclear entry promotes viral replication in host cells, whether this phenomenon occurs in vector cells remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we systematically evaluated the presence and roles of RSV in the nuclei of vector insect cells. We observed that the nucleocapsid protein (NP) and viral genomic RNAs were partially transported into vector cell nuclei by utilizing the importin α nuclear transport system. When blocking NP nuclear localization, cytoplasmic RSV accumulation significantly increased. In the vector cell nuclei, NP bound the transcription factor YY1 and affected its positive regulation to FAIM. Subsequently, decreased FAIM expression triggered an antiviral caspase-dependent apoptotic reaction. Our results reveal that viral nuclear entry induces completely different immune effects in vector and host cells, providing new insights into the balance between viral load and the immunity pressure in vector insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Salvetti A, Greco A. Viruses and the nucleolus: the fatal attraction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:840-7. [PMID: 24378568 PMCID: PMC7135015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are small obligatory parasites and as a consequence, they have developed sophisticated strategies to exploit the host cell's functions to create an environment that favors their own replication. A common feature of most – if not all – families of human and non-human viruses concerns their interaction with the nucleolus. The nucleolus is a multifunctional nuclear domain, which, in addition to its well-known role in ribosome biogenesis, plays several crucial other functions. Viral infection induces important nucleolar alterations. Indeed, during viral infection numerous viral components localize in nucleoli, while various host nucleolar proteins are redistributed in other cell compartments or are modified, and non-nucleolar cellular proteins reach the nucleolus. This review highlights the interactions reported between the nucleolus and some human or animal viral families able to establish a latent or productive infection, selected on the basis of their known interactions with the nucleolus and the nucleolar activities, and their links with virus replication and/or pathogenesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Role of the Nucleolus in Human Disease. Most viruses interact with the nucleolus that plays a major role in virus life cycle. Virus/nucleolus interaction is crucial for virus replication and pathogenesis. Role of nucleoli in the infection with selected RNA viruses and herpes viruses
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Salvetti
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69365 Lyon CEDEX, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Anna Greco
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69365 Lyon CEDEX, France; LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France.
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Nie Y, Zhao Q, Su Y, Yang JH. Subcellular Distribution of ADAR1 Isoforms Is Synergistically Determined by Three Nuclear Discrimination Signals and a Regulatory Motif. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:13249-55. [PMID: 14711814 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312753200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAR1 is an RNA-specific adenosine deaminase that edits RNA sequences. We have demonstrated previously that different ADAR1 isoforms are induced during acute inflammation. Here we show that the mouse ADAR1 isoforms are differentially localized in cellular compartments and that their localization is controlled by several independent signals. Nuclear import of the full-length ADAR1 is predominantly regulated by a nuclear localization signal at the C terminus (NLS-c), which consists of a bipartite basic amino acid motif plus the last 39 residues of ADAR1. Deletion of the NLS-c causes the truncated ADAR1 protein to be retained in the cytoplasm. The addition of this sequence to pyruvate kinase causes the cytoplasmic protein to be localized within the nucleus. The localization of nuclear ADAR1 is determined by a dynamic balance between the nucleolar binding activity of the nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) in the middle of the protein and the exporting activity of the nuclear exporter signal (NES) near the N terminus. The NoLS consists of a typical monopartite cluster of basic residues followed by the third double-stranded RNA-binding domain. These signals act independently; however, NES function can be completely silenced by the NLS-c when a regulatory motif within the catalytic domain and the NoLS are deleted. Thus, the intracellular distribution of the various ADAR1 isoforms is determined by NLS-c, NES, NoLS, and a regulatory motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhan Nie
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Virgilio PL, Godinho-Netto MC, Carvalho Mda G. Previous heat shock treatment inhibits Mayaro virus replication in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. RESEARCH IN VIROLOGY 1997; 148:333-42. [PMID: 9403932 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2516(97)89129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) were submitted to mild or severe heat shock (42 degrees C or 44 degrees C) for 1 h, while another group of cells was double-heat-shocked (submitted to 42 degrees C for 1 h, returned to 37 degrees C for 3 h, then exposed to 44 degrees C for 1 h). After each heat treatment, the cells were infected with Mayaro virus for 24 h and incubated at 37 degrees C. The results showed that the double-heat-shocked thermotolerant cells exhibited a 10(4)-fold virus titre inhibition, despite the recovery of protein synthesis and original morphology 24 h post-infection. In contrast, cells submitted to mild or severe heat shock exhibited weaker inhibition of Mayaro virus titre (10(2)-fold). The mildly heat-shocked cells also presented a full recovery in protein synthesis, which was not observed in severely heat-shocked cells. These results indicate that exposure of A549 cells to a mild or to a double heat shock treatment before Mayaro virus infection induces an antiviral state.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Virgilio
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mitchell C, de Andrade-Rozental AF, Souto-Padrón T, Carvalho MG. Identification of mayaro virus nucleocapsid protein in nucleus of Aedes albopictus cells. Virus Res 1997; 47:67-77. [PMID: 9037738 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(96)01408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The modifications in the pattern of nuclear proteins of Aedes albopictus cells in response to Mayaro virus infection were analysed early and late after infection. The viral capsid (C) protein of 34 kDa (p34) could be detected in the nuclear compartment 4 h after infection, soon after its synthesis in the cytoplasm. In addition to p34, a group of high molecular weight proteins was also present in this compartment late after infection. The exposition of infected cells to supra optimal temperature of growth modifies significantly the pattern of nuclear proteins. However, the stress condition does not inhibit the transport of p34 to the nucleus. The transport of proteins into nuclei was also followed under "in vitro' conditions by incubating radiolabeled post-mitochondrial extract of infected cells with unlabeled nuclei. Under these conditions, as observed "in vivo', a specific transport of viral C protein and of a group of proteins of high molecular weight to the nuclei was also detected. These results indicate that Mayaro virus infection modifies the nuclear protein pattern in invertebrate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mitchell
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Brazil
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Jakob R. Electroporation-mediated delivery of nucleolar targeting sequences from Semliki Forest virus nucleocapsid protein. PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 25:99-117. [PMID: 8532640 DOI: 10.1080/10826069508010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation was used as a powerful and simple method to probe to the intracellular distribution and trafficking of signal sequences. By coupling synthetic peptides to carrier reporter groups, specific amino acid sequences responsible for nucleolar targeting of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) Core (C) protein were found out. In the N-terminal part of the C protein the sequences 66KPKKKKTTKPKPKTQPKK83 and 92KKKDKQADKKKKP105 are able to situate BSA or KLH as reporter proteins in the nucleolus, suggesting that SFV C protein contains at least two independent nucleolar targeting sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jakob
- Institut für Angewandte Zellkultur, München, Germany
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