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Oren A, Berman O, Neri R, Edery-Lutri M, Chernihovsky N, Tarazi E, Shashar N. Ecological succession on 3D printed ceramic artificial reefs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176371. [PMID: 39343403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The global degradation of natural coral reefs requires innovative approaches to their conservation and restoration. This study investigates the efficacy of using parametric design tools in 3D software and 3D-printed terracotta structures in artificial reef (AR) design. Three ARs were deployed in the northern Gulf of Aqaba in 2019. Seven months post-deployment the ARs were consolidated to one location. Consecutive monitoring, conducted from June 2019 to March 2022, examined the recruitment and settlement of fish, corals, and other marine organisms on the ARs. The ARs hosted complex communities, with fish populations reaching equilibrium approximately one year after deployment. Octocorallia were first observed 4.5 months post-deployment, and hexacorallia 5.5 months post-deployment, with neither reaching a steady state within the study period. Additionally, we found that combining dispersed AR units into a single complex significantly increased fish abundance, but did not affect species richness. This study contributes to our understanding of effective artificial reef design, spatial distribution and implementation, and understanding of marine ecological succession processes in the Gulf of Aqaba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Oren
- Eilat Campus, Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, P.O. Box 469, Eilat 8810302, Israel.
| | - Ofer Berman
- Design-Tech Lab, Industrial Design Department at the Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Matter of Tech Lab, Cornell Tech, 2 West Loop Rd, New York 10044, NY, USA.
| | - Reem Neri
- Eilat Campus, Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, P.O. Box 469, Eilat 8810302, Israel
| | - Maaian Edery-Lutri
- Eilat Campus, Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, P.O. Box 469, Eilat 8810302, Israel
| | - Natalie Chernihovsky
- Eilat Campus, Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ezri Tarazi
- Design-Tech Lab, Industrial Design Department at the Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Nadav Shashar
- Eilat Campus, Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Hein MY, Beeden R, Birtles RA, Chase TJ, Couture F, Haskin E, Marshall N, Ripple K, Terry L, Willis BL, Willis R, Gardiner NM. Effects of coral restoration on fish communities: snapshots of long‐term, multiregional responses and implications for practice. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Y. Hein
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Roger Beeden
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
| | - R. Alastair Birtles
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Tory J. Chase
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Fanny Couture
- Reefscapers Program, Seamarc, Marine Discovery Centre Landaa Giraavaru Maldives
| | | | - Nadine Marshall
- CSIRO Land and Water James Cook University ATSIP Building#145, Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Kayla Ripple
- Coral Restoration Foundation Key Largo FL 03037 U.S.A
| | - Lisa Terry
- The Nature Conservancy St Croix USVI U.S.A
| | - Bette L. Willis
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Reanna Willis
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Naomi M. Gardiner
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
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Propagule Dispersal Determines Mangrove Zonation at Intertidal and Estuarine Scales. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Propagule dispersal has generally been recognized as a vital factor affecting the spatial structure of tropical forest plants. However, available research shows that this hypothesis does not apply to mangrove species the propagules of which are dispersed by water. Due to the lack of comprehensive and quantitative information as well as the high spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the mangrove environment, the exact factors affecting the spatial structure of mangrove forests are poorly understood. To assess this, we selected a mangrove estuary with high mangrove species richness that experiences great changes in water salinity. After investigating the zonation of mature mangrove individuals across tides and the estuary, we measured the size and initial specific gravity of the propagules and then selected the eight most common species from which to observe the changes in specific gravity, buoyancy, and root initiation during dispersal at different sites with different water salinity regimes. The relationships among distribution patterns, propagule establishment, and dispersal behavior were investigated. We found that mangrove propagule dispersal is not a passively buoyant process controlled by water currents. During dispersal, mangrove propagules can actively adjust their specific gravity and root initiation. The dynamic specific gravity of the propagules was negatively related to propagule buoyancy and surface elevation. The differences in propagule specific gravity corroborated the distribution patterns of the species across the intertidal zone and estuary. Mangrove zonation on both the intertidal and estuarine scale can be explained by the tidal sorting hypothesis, as zonation is controlled by the tidal sorting of the propagules according to buoyancy and by the differential ability of the propagules to establish in the intertidal zones. The results add new understanding of observed mangrove species zonation and should inform conservation managers when restoring mangroves or evaluating the potential impacts of global change and anthropogenic disturbances that might alter the hydrology, including the water salinity regime.
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Komyakova V, Swearer SE. Contrasting patterns in habitat selection and recruitment of temperate reef fishes among natural and artificial reefs. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 143:71-81. [PMID: 30470555 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial reefs, a common management tool for stock enhancement of recreational fisheries and marine habitat restoration, have been deployed all over the world. However, little is known about the attractiveness of artificial compared to natural reefs to reef fishes. Here we investigated the habitat preferences of three reef fish species: Trachinops caudimaculatus, Vincentia conspersa and Trinorfoklia clarkei through the observation of recruitment patterns to three study habitats: Reef Ball reefs, custom-designed artificial reefs, and natural reefs in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. Additionally, we examined habitat preferences of new recruits of T. caudimaculatus and V. conspersa using laboratory-based habitat choice experiments. In general, T. caudimaculatus recruitment was at least twice as high on natural reefs compared to both artificial reefs, whereas V. conspersa recruitment was almost three times greater on Reef Ball reefs compared to the other two habitats. T. clarkei recruited in equal numbers across all habitats. However, in the laboratory experiments T. caudimaculatus recruits selected the Reef Ball reef almost three times as often as the other two habitats, while V. conspersa exhibited no habitat preference. Little is known about the growth, condition, survival or reproduction of individuals that occupy artificial reefs. In areas where habitat is not limiting, the higher preference or equal attractiveness of some artificial habitats may negatively influence fish populations, if larvae are redirected to poorer quality artificial reef habitat, that lead to lower fitness advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Komyakova
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - S E Swearer
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Sousa WP, Kennedy PG, Mitchell BJ, Ordóñez L BM. SUPPLY-SIDE ECOLOGY IN MANGROVES: DO PROPAGULE DISPERSAL AND SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT EXPLAIN FOREST STRUCTURE? ECOL MONOGR 2007. [DOI: 10.1890/05-1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Holbrook SJ, Schmitt RJ. Spatial and temporal variation in mortality of newly settled damselfish: patterns, causes and co-variation with settlement. Oecologia 2003; 135:532-41. [PMID: 16228252 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-003-1220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2002] [Accepted: 02/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Local abundance and dynamics of sedentary species with a dispersing life stage reflect factors that influence input and loss rates to patches of suitable habitat. For reef fishes, more attention has focused on sources of variation in input (larval settlement) than on patterns and causes of subsequent losses. We estimated spatial and temporal variation in juvenile mortality of a tropical damselfish, yellow-tail dascyllus (Dascyllus flavicaudus; Pomacentridae), using a fixed density experiment that was repeated 5 times at the same eight mid-lagoon localities at Moorea, French Polynesia. There was little temporal variation in the overall percent of outplanted fish lost in 48 h among five time periods (range: 32-37%), whereas there was substantial variation among the sites in the average percent lost (range: 16-56%). Differences in loss rates among the sites were highly consistent among the time periods. Densities of predators of juvenile dascyllus varied substantially among the eight sites and were highly correlated with loss rate of dascyllus. We used the empirically derived relationship between predator density and damselfish loss rate to predict the loss rate of dascyllus at four additional sites, and there was excellent agreement between the predicted and observed loss rates. There was a strong positive relationship between predator densities at the 12 sites and structural attributes of the reefs that do not change on a fast time scale, suggesting why there was strong spatial and weak temporal variation in mortality rates, with no interaction between spatial and temporal variation. Natural settlement rates of yellow-tail dascyllus and of a close congener (humbug dascyllus, D. aruanus) varied among the sites, and settlement of the two species was inversely correlated (r=-0.68). Settlement of these species was not statistically correlated with variation in mortality rate, but there was a weak trend for settlement of yellow-tail dascyllus to be greater at sites with higher mortality (r=0.27), and for settlement of humbug dascyllus to be greater at sites with lower mortality (r=-0.32). We calculated that even these weak co-variances could reduce (yellow-tail dascyllus) or increase (humbug dascyllus) the spatial variance in density of 48-h-old recruits arising at settlement by 19 and 27% respectively. Taken together, the findings suggest that the interactions between and relative contributions of input and loss processes can differ substantially over a scale of a few kilometers, resulting in a mosaic of local patches characterized by different abundances and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally J Holbrook
- and Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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Krause J, Butlin RK, Peuhkuri N, Pritchard VL. The social organization of fish shoals: a test of the predictive power of laboratory experiments for the field. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2000; 75:477-501. [PMID: 11117198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2000.tb00052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By contrast with a multitude of laboratory studies on the social organization of fish, relatively little is know about the size, composition and dynamics of free-ranging fish shoals. We give an overview of the available information on fish shoals and assess to what degree the predictions made from laboratory studies are consistent with field data. The section on shoal choice behaviour in the laboratory is structured so that the evidence for different shoaling preferences is discussed in the context of their mechanisms and functions. Predictions based on experiments in captivity regarding preferences for conspecifics, individuals of similar body length and unparasitized fish were highly consistent with field observations on free-ranging shoals whereas preferences for familiar conspecifics and kin remain to be conclusively demonstrated in the field. In general, there is a shortage of studies in which shoaling preferences have been investigated both in the laboratory and the field, and field studies have so far been largely descriptive revealing little about the underlying mechanisms of observed patterns. Given the great importance of fish shoals both in fundamental and applied research, an advancement of our knowledge of their social organization should significantly contribute to a better understanding of a whole range of topics including reciprocal altruism, group-living and self-organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Krause
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, School of Biology, University of Leeds, UK.
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Abstract
Studies motivated by consideration of barnacle populations have led to the prediction of two different dynamic states for space-limited open populations subject to density-dependent mortality. Population densities may cycle or fluctuate stochastically around a mean value. Despite the potential generality of the associated theory, there are few examples of population cycling in open systems that have been shown to be driven by density-dependent effects. This may be because settlement and growth processes are generally too slow or too variable to generate consistent cycles. An alternative explanation is examined in this article using spatially explicit simulations. Even under conditions of consistent settlement and growth, the cycles predicted in at least one previous study are shown to represent a special case. Clear population cycles are only observed when the density-dependent disturbances are constrained to reoccur in exactly the same location. In the more general case, where density-dependent disturbances respond to local variations in population density, the cycling predicted from simple models is difficult to detect. Hence, a failure to detect cycling in population density does not refute a role for density dependence. Density-dependent disturbances can create a characteristic spatial structure consisting of a mosaic of cohorts.
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Caley MJ, Carr MH, Hixon MA, Hughes TP, Jones GP, Menge BA. RECRUITMENT AND THE LOCAL DYNAMICS OF OPEN MARINE POPULATIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 844] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Caley
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - M. H. Carr
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - M. A. Hixon
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - T. P. Hughes
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - G. P. Jones
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
| | - B. A. Menge
- Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2914, USA
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Booth DJ, Brosnan DM. The Role of Recruitment Dynamics in Rocky Shore and Coral Reef Fish Communities. ADV ECOL RES 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2504(08)60068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Strong density-dependent survival and recruitment regulate the abundance of a coral reef fish. Oecologia 1995; 103:275-282. [PMID: 28306820 DOI: 10.1007/bf00328615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1995] [Accepted: 03/24/1995] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Debate on the control of population dynamics in reef fishes has centred on whether patterns in abundance are determined by the supply of planktonic recruits, or by post-recruitment processes. Recruitment limitation implies little or no regulation of the reef-associated population, and is supported by several experimental studies that failed to detect density dependence. Previous manipulations of population density have, however, focused on juveniles, and there have been no tests for density-dependent interactions among adult reef fishes. I tested for population regulation in Coryphopterus glaucofraenum, a small, short-lived goby that is common in the Caribbean. Adult density was manipulated on artificial reefs and adults were also monitored on reefs where they varied in density naturally. Survival of adult gobies showed a strong inverse relationship with their initial density across a realistic range of densities. Individually marked gobies, however, grew at similar rates across all densities, suggesting that density-dependent survival was not associated with depressed growth, and so may result from predation or parasitism rather than from food shortage. Like adult survival, the accumulation of new recruits on reefs was also much lower at high adult densities than at low densities. Suppression of recruitment by adults may occur because adults cause either reduced larval settlement or reduced early post-settlement survival. In summary, this study has documented a previously unrecorded regulatory mechanism for reef fish populations (density-dependent adult mortality) and provided a particularly strong example of a well-established mechanism (density-dependent recruitment). In combination, these two compensatory mechanisms have the potential to strongly regulate the abundance of this species, and rule out the control of abundance by the supply of recruits.
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Rodríguez MA, Lewis WM. Regulation and stability in fish assemblages of neotropical floodplain lakes. Oecologia 1994; 99:166-180. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00317098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/1993] [Accepted: 05/03/1994] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Levin PS. Habitat structure, conspecific presence and spatial variation in the recruitment of a temperate reef fish. Oecologia 1993; 94:176-185. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00341315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/1992] [Accepted: 01/28/1993] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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MCNEILL SE, Worthington DG, FERRELL DJ, Bell JD. Consistently outstanding recruitment of five species of fish to a seagrass bed in Botany Bay, NSW. AUSTRAL ECOL 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1992.tb00819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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HOLBROOK SALLYJ, SCHMITT RUSSELLJ, AMBROSE RICHARDF. Biogenic habitat structure and characteristics of temperate reef fish assemblages. AUSTRAL ECOL 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1990.tb01473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sale PF. Recruitment of marine species: Is the bandwagon rolling in the right direction? Trends Ecol Evol 1990; 5:25-7. [DOI: 10.1016/0169-5347(90)90009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bryozoan evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0169-5347(89)90096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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