Effects of MET-ENK, substance P and SRIF on the behavior of Hemichromis bimaculatus

The involvement of substance P in the induction of aggressive behavior

Aggression is a complex social behavior that involves a similarly complex neurochemical background. The involvement of substance P (SP) and its potent tachykinin receptor (NK1) in the induction of both defensive rage and predatory attack appears to be a consistent finding. However, an overall understanding of the nature of the SP involvement in the induction of aggressive behavior has not yet been fully achieved. The aim of this review is to summarize and present the current knowledge with regards to the role of SP in the induction of aggressive behavior and to synopsize: (a) its biochemical profile, and (b) the exact anatomical circuits through which it mediates all types of aggressive behavior. Future studies should seriously consider the potential use of this knowledge in their quest for the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.

Effects of peptides on animal and human behavior: a review of studies published in the first twenty years of the journal Peptides

This review catalogs effects of peptides on various aspects of animal and human behavior as published in the journal Peptides in its first twenty years. Topics covered include: activity levels, addiction behavior, ingestive behaviors, learning and memory-based behaviors, nociceptive behaviors, social and sexual behavior, and stereotyped and other behaviors. There are separate tables for these behaviors and a short introduction for each section.

Galanin antagonists block galanin-induced feeding in the hypothalamus and amygdala of the rat

Galanin significantly increased food intake when microinjected into the region of the central nucleus of the amygdala as well as into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. In the amygdala this effect was specific to feeding; no change in grooming, resting, or other behaviour was observed after galanin treatment. These results provide evidence that the amygdala may be an important site in the mediation of galanin-induced feeding. The galanin receptor antagonists, C7 and M40, antagonized galanin-induced feeding, while having no effect alone on food consumption in free-feeding rats. These new galanin receptor antagonists provide useful tools for further investigating the role of endogenous galanin in the regulation of feeding.

Endogenous opiates: 1985

This paper is the eighth installment of our annual review of research involving the endogenous opiate peptides. It is restricted to the non-analgesic and behavioral studies of the opiate peptides published in 1985. The specific topics this year include stress, tolerance and dependence, eating, drinking and alcohol consumption, gastrointestinal and renal activity, mental illness, learning and memory, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, seizures and neurological disorders, activity, and some other selected topics.

Characterization of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) islet somatostatins

Three different somatostatins have been isolated from the pancreatic islet tissue of the coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by gel filtration and HPLC. Two of these peptides contain 14 amino acids and the larger third peptide consists of 25 amino acids. The sequence of the salmon SST-25 is Ser-Val-Asp-Asn-Leu-Pro-Pro-Arg-Glu-Arg-Lys-Ala-Gly -Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Tyr-Trp-Lys-Gly-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys. The sequence of the salmon SST-14-I is Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys. The other small somatostatin (SST-14-II) which was not sequenced has an amino acid composition identical to the C-terminal 14 amino acids of the SST-25 and it is probably derived from this larger form. Evidence for low levels of a somatostatin containing 28 amino acids is also presented. This SST-28 appears to be an N-terminal extended precursor of SST-25 or a peptide derived via alternative processing of a common preprosomatostatin. Injected into juvenile salmon, SST-25 caused a decline in circulating levels of plasma insulin, depletion of liver glycogen, and activation of lipolytic pathways. Juvenile salmon treated with anti-SST-25 serum revealed elevated levels of plasma insulin as well as an increase of the glycogen content of the liver.

Central nervous system effects of peptides, 1980-1985: a cross-listing of peptides and their central actions from the first six years of the journal Peptides

A tabular synopsis is presented for articles concerned with the effects of peptides on the central nervous system that appeared in the journal Peptides from 1980-1985. A table arranged alphabetically by peptide and one arranged by effects, both listing routes of injection, species, direction of change, and qualifying notes, provides easy cross-referencing of peptides and their effects. Over 80 peptides and over 135 effects are listed. The list of peptides includes, but is not limited to: ACTH, angiotensin, bombesin, bradykinin, calcitonin, casomorphin, CCK, ceruletide, CGRP, CRF, dermorphin, DSIP, dynorphin, endorphins, enkephalins, GRF, gastrin, LHRH, litorin, metkephamid, MIF-l, motilin, MSH, NPY, NT, oxytocin, ranatensin, sauvagine, substances P and K, somatostatin, TRH, VIP, vasopressin, and vasotocin. The list of effects includes, but is not limited to: aggression, alcohol, analgesia, attention, avoidance, behavior, cardiovascular regulation, catalepsy, conditioned behavior, convulsions, dopamine binding and metabolism, discrimination, drinking, EEG, exploration, feeding, fever, gastric secretion, GI motility, grooming, learning, locomotor behavior, mating, memory, neuronal activity, open field, operant behavior, rearing, respiration, satiety, scratching, seizure, sleep, stereotypy, temperature, thermoregulation and tolerance.