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Silva-Reis SC, Correia XC, Costa-Almeida HF, Pires-Lima BL, Maronde D, Costa VM, García-Mera X, Cruz L, Brea J, Loza MI, Rodríguez-Borges JE, Sampaio-Dias IE. Stapling Amantadine to Melanostatin Neuropeptide: Discovery of Potent Positive Allosteric Modulators of the D 2 Receptors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1656-1663. [PMID: 38116429 PMCID: PMC10726482 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of melanostatin (MIF-1) bioconjugates with amantadine (Am) via a peptide linkage. The data from the functional assays at human dopamine D2 receptors (hD2R) showed that bioconjugates 1 (EC50 = 26.39 ± 3.37 nM) and 2 (EC50 = 17.82 ± 4.24 nM) promote a 3.3- and 4.9-fold increase of dopamine potency, respectively, at 0.01 nM, with no effect on the efficacy (Emax = 100%). In this assay, MIF-1 was only active at the highest concentration tested (EC50 = 23.64 ± 6.73 nM, at 1 nM). Cytotoxicity assays in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells showed that both MIF-1 (94.09 ± 5.75%, p < 0.05) and carbamate derivative 2 (89.73 ± 4.95%, p < 0.0001) exhibited mild but statistical significant toxicity (assessed through the MTT reduction assay) at 200 μM, while conjugate 1 was found nontoxic at this concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Silva-Reis
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE,
Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Xavier C. Correia
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE,
Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo F. Costa-Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE,
Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz L. Pires-Lima
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daiane Maronde
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera M. Costa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE,
Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory
of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luís Cruz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Brea
- Innopharma
Screening Platform, Biofarma Research group, Centre of Research in
Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Isabel Loza
- Innopharma
Screening Platform, Biofarma Research group, Centre of Research in
Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José E. Rodríguez-Borges
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivo E. Sampaio-Dias
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Sampaio-Dias IE, Reis-Mendes A, Costa VM, García-Mera X, Brea J, Loza MI, Pires-Lima BL, Alcoholado C, Algarra M, Rodríguez-Borges JE. Discovery of New Potent Positive Allosteric Modulators of Dopamine D 2 Receptors: Insights into the Bioisosteric Replacement of Proline to 3-Furoic Acid in the Melanostatin Neuropeptide. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6209-6220. [PMID: 33861612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The control of Parkinson's disease (PD) is challenged by the motor and non-motor fluctuations as well as dyskinesias associated with levodopa long-term therapy. As such, pharmacological alternatives to reduce the reliance on this drug are needed. Melanostatin (MIF-1), a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of D2 receptors (D2R), is being explored as a novel pharmacological approach focused on D2R potentiation. In this work, 3-furoic acid (3-Fu) was successfully employed as an l-proline (Pro) surrogate, affording two potent MIF-1 analogues, methyl 3-furoyl-l-leucylglycinate (4a) and 3-furoyl-l-leucylglycinamide (6a). In this series, the C-terminal carboxamide moiety was found crucial to enhancing the potency and toxicological profile, yet it is not considered a requisite for the PAM activity. Conformational analysis excludes 4a from adopting the claimed type II β-turn. The discovery and validation of 6a as a lead compound open a new avenue for the development of a novel class of anti-Parkinson therapeutics targeting the D2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo E Sampaio-Dias
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Reis-Mendes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Brea
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research group, Centre of Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Isabel Loza
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research group, Centre of Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz L Pires-Lima
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Alcoholado
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Algarra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - José E Rodríguez-Borges
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Sampaio-Dias IE, Rodríguez-Borges JE, Yáñez-Pérez V, Arrasate S, Llorente J, Brea JM, Bediaga H, Viña D, Loza MI, Caamaño O, García-Mera X, González-Díaz H. Synthesis, Pharmacological, and Biological Evaluation of 2-Furoyl-Based MIF-1 Peptidomimetics and the Development of a General-Purpose Model for Allosteric Modulators (ALLOPTML). ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:203-215. [PMID: 33347281 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2-furoyl-based Melanostatin (MIF-1) peptidomimetics as dopamine D2 modulating agents. Eight novel peptidomimetics were tested for their ability to enhance the maximal effect of tritiated N-propylapomorphine ([3H]-NPA) at D2 receptors (D2R). In this series, 2-furoyl-l-leucylglycinamide (6a) produced a statistically significant increase in the maximal [3H]-NPA response at 10 pM (11 ± 1%), comparable to the effect of MIF-1 (18 ± 9%) at the same concentration. This result supports previous evidence that the replacement of proline residue by heteroaromatic scaffolds are tolerated at the allosteric binding site of MIF-1. Biological assays performed for peptidomimetic 6a using cortex neurons from 19-day-old Wistar-Kyoto rat embryos suggest that 6a displays no neurotoxicity up to 100 μM. Overall, the pharmacological and toxicological profile and the structural simplicity of 6a makes this peptidomimetic a potential lead compound for further development and optimization, paving the way for the development of novel modulating agents of D2R suitable for the treatment of CNS-related diseases. Additionally, the pharmacological and biological data herein reported, along with >20 000 outcomes of preclinical assays, was used to seek a general model to predict the allosteric modulatory potential of molecular candidates for a myriad of target receptors, organisms, cell lines, and biological activity parameters based on perturbation theory (PT) ideas and machine learning (ML) techniques, abbreviated as ALLOPTML. By doing so, ALLOPTML shows high specificity Sp = 89.2/89.4%, sensitivity Sn = 71.3/72.2%, and accuracy Ac = 86.1%/86.4% in training/validation series, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, ALLOPTML is the first general-purpose chemoinformatic tool using a PTML-based model for the multioutput and multicondition prediction of allosteric compounds, which is expected to save both time and resources during the early drug discovery of allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo E. Sampaio-Dias
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José E. Rodríguez-Borges
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Víctor Yáñez-Pérez
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry II, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Sonia Arrasate
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Llorente
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José M. Brea
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research group, Centre of Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Harbil Bediaga
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry II, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Dept. of Physical Chemistry, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Dolores Viña
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centre of Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Isabel Loza
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research group, Centre of Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Olga Caamaño
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Humberto González-Díaz
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry II, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Basque Center for Biophysics (CSIC UPV/EHU), University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Sampaio-Dias IE, Silva-Reis SC, García-Mera X, Brea J, Loza MI, Alves CS, Algarra M, Rodríguez-Borges JE. Synthesis, Pharmacological, and Biological Evaluation of MIF-1 Picolinoyl Peptidomimetics as Positive Allosteric Modulators of D 2R. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3690-3702. [PMID: 31347842 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of picolinoyl-based peptidomimetics of melanocyte stimulating hormone release inhibiting factor 1 (MIF-1) as dopamine modulating agents. Eight novel peptidomimetics were tested for their ability to enhance the maximal effect of tritiated N-propylapomorphine ([3H]-NPA) at dopamine D2 receptors (D2R). Methyl picolinoyl-l-valyl-l-alaninate (compound 6b) produced a statistically significant increase in the maximal [3H]-NPA response at 0.01 nM (11.9 ± 3.7%), which is close to the effect of MIF-1 in this assay at same concentration (18.3 ± 9.1%). Functional assays measuring cAMP mobilization in the presence of dopamine corroborate the activity of peptidomimetic 6b as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of D2R. In this assay, 6b produced a typical bell-shaped dose-response curve similar to that of the parent neuropeptide (18.3 ± 7.1% for 6b vs 15.4 ± 5.5% for MIF-1, both at 0.1 nM). Dose-response curves for dopamine in the presence of 6b show EC50 (0.33 ± 0.21 μM for 6b vs 0.17 ± 0.07 μM for MIF-1) and Emax (86.0 ± 5.4% for 6b vs 93.6 ± 4.4% for MIF-1) comparable to those of MIF-1, both at 0.01 nM. Furthermore, peptidomimetic 6b was tested for agonist activity at the human D2R and the results show that it displays no intrinsic agonism effect, endorsing its activity as a PAM of D2R. Cytotoxic and neurotoxic assays were performed for peptidomimetic 6b using HEK 293T cells and cortex neurons from 19 day old Wistar-Kyoto rat embryos, respectively, suggesting this analogue displays no toxicity effect in these assays up to 100 μM. Conformational energy minimization for 6b shows that this peptidomimetic cannot adopt the postulated type-II β-turn bioactive conformation, endorsing the possibility of an extended bioactive conformation as claimed by other researchers as a second bioactive conformation of MIF-1. Overall, the pharmacological and toxicological profile of peptidomimetic 6b together with its favorable druglike properties and structural simplicity makes it a potential lead compound for further development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo E. Sampaio-Dias
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Silva-Reis
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Brea
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research Group, Centre of Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Loza
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research Group, Centre of Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carla S. Alves
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário
da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manuel Algarra
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário
da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - José E. Rodríguez-Borges
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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5
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Katzen-Luchenta J. The declaration of nutrition, health, and intelligence for the child-to-be. Nutr Health 2008; 19:85-102. [PMID: 18309769 DOI: 10.1177/026010600701900212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Declaration of Nutrition, Health, and Intelligence for the Child-to-be is an urgent cry from the unborn child for a life-span of nutrients for physical and mental wellness. It is a proclamation of paramount importance for everyone involved in child development: parents, health professionals, teachers, government agencies, all producers of food--and children, so they may learn how to feed themselves well. The Declaration of Olympia on Nutrition and Fitness, 1996, came from a group pf nutritional scientists and medical doctors to commemorate the Olympic Games' 100th anniversary. They based it on the health principles of Hippocrates: genetics, the age of the individual, the powers of various foods, and exercise. Following today's vast wealth of nutritional research and expressing it with my teaching experience, I have revitalized the Declaration of Olympia by writing from the heart of the little learner and the hope of the child-to-be. The nutrients implicated in healthy reproduction and lifelong health include B vitamins, particularly B1, B6, folate, B1312 antioxidants, particularly vitamins C and E: minerals such as iron, zinc, magnesium, selenium, iodine, and copper; and essential fatty acids, particularly DHA. These nutrients also lower the risk of neural tube defects: autism, dyslexia, Down's syndrome: childhood cancers, obesity, and defective fetal cell membranes associated with maternal diabetes. Our metabolism is hugely influenced also by activity and by affection. Today's foods are often processed beyond the cells' recognition and can result in neurological and physical morbidity and mortality. A diet of unprocessed free-range animals and seafood: legumes, deep-colored vegetables and fruits: nuts, seeds, and whole grains, germ and bran, reinstates nutritional potency.
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Pan W, Kastin AJ. From MIF-1 to endomorphin: the Tyr-MIF-1 family of peptides. Peptides 2007; 28:2411-34. [PMID: 17988762 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Tyr-MIF-1 family of small peptides has served a prototypic role in the introduction of several novel concepts into the peptide field of research. MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH(2)) was the first hypothalamic peptide shown to act "up" on the brain, not just "down" on the pituitary. In several situations, including clinical depression, MIF-1 exhibits an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship in which increasing doses can result in decreasing effects. This tripeptide also can antagonize opiate actions, and the first report of such activity also correctly predicted the discovery of other endogenous antiopiate peptides. The tetrapeptide Tyr-MIF-1 (Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH(2)) not only shows antiopiate activity, but also considerable selectivity for the mu-opiate binding site. Tyr-W-MIF-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Gly-NH(2)) is an even more selective ligand for the mu receptor, leading to the discovery of two more Tyr-Pro tetrapeptides that have the highest specificity and affinity for this site. These are the endomorphins: endomorphin-1 is Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH(2) and endomorphin-2 is Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH(2). Tyr-MIF-1 proved, contrary to the then prevailing dogma, that peptides can be saturably transported across the blood-brain barrier by a quantifiable transport system. Unexpectedly, the Tyr-MIF-1 transporter is shared with Met-enkephalin. In the era in which it was doubtful whether a peripheral peptide could exert CNS effects, the Tyr-MIF-1 family of peptides also explicitly showed that they can exert more than one central action that persists longer than their half-lives in blood. These peptides clearly illustrate that the name of a peptide restricts neither its actions nor its conceptual implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Pan
- Blood-Brain Barrier Group, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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7
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Castellano JM, Batrynchuk J, Dolbeare K, Verma V, Mann A, Skoblenick KJ, Johnson RL, Mishra RK. MIF-1 and its peptidomimetic analogs attenuate haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements and modulate apomorphine-induced rotational behavior in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Peptides 2007; 28:2009-15. [PMID: 17766011 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two melanocyte-stimulating hormone release inhibiting factor-1 (MIF-1) also known as L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG) peptidomimetic analogs, 3(R)-[[[2(S)-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl]-amino]-3-(butyl)-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide trifluoroacetate (A) and 3(R)-[[[2(S)-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl]amino]-3-(benzyl)-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide trifluoroacetate (B), were evaluated for their ability to modulate dopaminergic activity by measuring apomorphine-induced rotations in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats, and haloperidol (HP)-induced vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) in rats; animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and human tardive dyskinesia (TD), respectively. In the 6-OHDA model, both analogs were found to potentiate the contralateral rotational behavior induced by apomorphine dose-dependently and with approximately the same potency. Furthermore, each analog was able to significantly attenuate HP-induced VCMs with almost equal efficacy. The potency and efficacy of these analogs were significantly greater than their parent compound, PLG. These results suggest that both analogs can modulate dopaminergic activity in vivo, likely by the same mechanisms recruited by PLG previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Castellano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
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8
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Costain WJ, Mishra RK. PLG regulates hnRNP-L expression in the rat striatum and pre-frontal cortex: identification by ddPCR. Peptides 2003; 24:137-46. [PMID: 12576095 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(02)00286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Central dopaminergic systems are implicated in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, and are known to be modulated by the endogenous tripeptide Pro-Leu-Gly-NH(2) (PLG or MIF-1, melanocyte-stimulating hormone release inhibiting factor-1). Differential display polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) was utilized to identify genes that are regulated by protracted PLG treatment (20 mg/kg, i.p. for 28 days) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. A total of 2400 genes were screened and 3 down-regulated bands were identified in the PLG-treated samples. Sequencing analysis revealed a total of six unique cDNA species. One fragment possessed a high degree of homology with Mus musculus hnRNP-L (protein L) mRNA (GenBank #AB009392) (termed PRG1: PLG regulated gene 1). Elongation of the PRG1 cDNA, by RACE-PCR, provided an 835 bp sequence with 95% homology to AB009392 over a 743 bp span. Open reading frame analysis provided a putative amino acid sequence consistent with the identity of PRG1 as rat hnRNP-L. Northern hybridization experiments with PRG1 revealed a 2.3 kb mRNA species that was decreased by 65% in the PLG-treated tissue. Western blot analysis revealed significantly decreased hnRNP-L levels in the striatum and pre-frontal cortex (but not the nucleus accumbens) by 71 and 61%, respectively of PLG-treated animals. The identification of altered expression of hnRNP-L following PLG treatment provides insight into the long-term effects of PLG and may provide insight into its molecular mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willard J Costain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7.
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9
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McLay RN, Pan W, Kastin AJ. Effects of peptides on animal and human behavior: a review of studies published in the first twenty years of the journal Peptides. Peptides 2001; 22:2181-255. [PMID: 11786208 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review catalogs effects of peptides on various aspects of animal and human behavior as published in the journal Peptides in its first twenty years. Topics covered include: activity levels, addiction behavior, ingestive behaviors, learning and memory-based behaviors, nociceptive behaviors, social and sexual behavior, and stereotyped and other behaviors. There are separate tables for these behaviors and a short introduction for each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N McLay
- Naval Medical Center San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
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10
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Ott MC, Costain WJ, Mishra RK, Johnson RL. L-prolyl-l-leucyl-glycinamide and its peptidomimetic analog 3(R)-[(2(S)-pyrrolidylcarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide (PAOPA) attenuate haloperidol-induced c-fos expression in the striatum. Peptides 2000; 21:301-8. [PMID: 10764960 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(99)00194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute treatment of rats with haloperidol results in a rapid and transient increase in striatal c-fos mRNA and Fos immunoreactivity. The induction of immediate early genes by haloperidol may be involved in the development of extrapyramidal side effects. L-Prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG, or MIF-1) has been observed to antagonize the development of haloperidol-induced D(2) receptor supersensitivity in rats. We investigated the modulatory effects of PLG on haloperidol-induced c-fos and Fos protein expression in the rat striatum. We report that coadministration of either PLG or the potent analog of PLG, 3(R)-[(2(S)-pyrrolidylcarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetam ide (PAOPA), attenuated haloperidol-induced c-fos and Fos expression. Haloperidol induced [2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)] c-fos and Fos expression by 500% and 100%, respectively. These responses were attenuated by 170% and 75%, respectively, when coadministered with PLG (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or by 79% by PAOPA (10 microg/kg, i.p.).
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Ott
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Mishra RK, Marcotte ER, Chugh A, Barlas C, Whan D, Johnson RL. Modulation of dopamine receptor agonist-induced rotational behavior in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats by a peptidomimetic analogue of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (PLG). Peptides 1997; 18:1209-15. [PMID: 9396063 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine if the previously reported in vitro interactions of the Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (PLG) peptidomimetic analogue 3(R)-[(2(S)-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacet amide (PAOPA) with the dopaminergic system could be exhibited in an in vivo animal model using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. In this model, PAOPA was found to potentiate the contralateral rotational behavior induced by either apomorphine or L-DOPA. PAOPA was 100-fold more potent than PLG, and produced a fourfold greater response than PLG when administered i.p. PAOPA also potentiated contralateral rotations induced by SKF-38393 and quinpirole. In summary, the results of this study indicate that PAOPA, a conformationally constrained peptidomimetic analogue of PLG, can modulate dopaminergic activity in vivo with higher potency and efficacy than PLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Merkler DJ. C-terminal amidated peptides: production by the in vitro enzymatic amidation of glycine-extended peptides and the importance of the amide to bioactivity. Enzyme Microb Technol 1994; 16:450-6. [PMID: 7764886 DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating enzyme (alpha-AE) can be used in an in vitro reaction to convert C-terminal glycine-extended peptides to peptide hormones with a C-terminal amino acid amide. Structure-activity data for 45 bioactive peptides show that the C-terminal amide is required for the full biological activity of most amidated peptide hormones. These data emphasize the role alpha-AE can have in amidated peptide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Merkler
- Analytical Protein and Organic Chemistry Group, Unigene Laboratories, Inc., Fairfield, NJ 07004
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Ahmed B, Kastin AJ, Banks WA, Zadina JE. CNS effects of peptides: a cross-listing of peptides and their central actions published in the journal Peptides, 1986-1993. Peptides 1994; 15:1105-55. [PMID: 7991456 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(94)90078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The centrally mediated effects of peptides as published in the journal Peptides from 1986 to 1993 are tabulated in two ways. In one table, the peptides are listed alphabetically. In another table, the effects are arranged alphabetically. Most of the effects observed after administration of peptides are grouped, wherever possible, into categories such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal. The species used in most cases has been rats; where other animals were used, the species is noted. The route of administration of peptides and source of information also are included in the tables, with a complete listing provided at the end. Many peptides have been shown to exert a large number of centrally mediated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ahmed
- VA Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70146
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Kostrzewa RM, Kastin AJ. Tyr-MIF-1 attenuates development of tolerance to spiperone-induced catalepsy in rats. Brain Res Bull 1993; 31:707-12. [PMID: 8100182 DOI: 10.1016/0361-9230(93)90145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Because the tripeptide MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) is known to attenuate the effects of neuroleptic-induced catalepsy as well as neuroleptic-induced proliferation of dopamine (DA) receptors, we studied the related naturally occurring peptide, Tyr-MIF-1 (Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) for similar properties. Male rats were treated SC for 11 consecutive days with either the DA D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 HCl (0.50 mg/kg per day), the DA D2 receptor antagonist spiperone HCl (0.30 mg/kg per day), or vehicle. Half the rats were cotreated daily with Tyr-MIF-1 (1.0 mg/kg per day). The cataleptic effects of SCH 23390 were not altered by Tyr-MIF-1. Tolerance to SCH 23390-induced catalepsy did not develop during the 11-day treatment, and Tyr-MIF-1 had no effect on SCH 23390-induced catalepsy. However, tolerance developed to spiperone-induced catalepsy, and Tyr-MIF-1 attenuated this development of tolerance (p < 0.001). Locomotor and stereotyped activities of the DA D1 and D2 agonists, SKF 39393 (3.0 mg/kg) and quinpirole (3.0 mg/kg) were not affected by Tyr-MIF-1 after treatment with the DA antagonists was discontinued. Tyr-MIF-1 did not alter the Bmax or Kd for in vitro binding of [3H]SCH 23390 and [3H]spiperone to homogenates of the striatum. These findings indicate that Tyr-MIF-1 is able to selectively affect the development of receptor tolerance to a DA D2 receptor antagonist, and that this effect is unrelated to changes in affinity or numbers of D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Kostrzewa
- Department of Pharmacology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City 37614
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