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Rewarding effects of 2-desoxypipradrol in mice. Neurosci Lett 2019; 705:46-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2
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Jeon SY, Kim YH, Kim SJ, Suh SK, Cha HJ. Abuse potential of 2-(4-iodo-2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25INBOMe); in vivo and ex vivo approaches. Neurochem Int 2019; 125:74-81. [PMID: 30769030 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
25INBOMe ("25-I", "N-Bomb"), one of new psychoactive substances (NPSs), is being abused for recreational purpose. However, the liability for abuse or dependence has not been systematically studied yet. The objective of the present study was to evaluate rewarding and reinforcing effects of 25INBOMe using conditioned place preference (CPP) and self-administration (SA) paradigms. In addition, ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) were measured to investigate relationships between USVs and emotional state regarding dependence on psychoactive substances. To understand molecular mechanism involved in its action, dopamine (DA) level changes were analyzed using synaptosomes extracted from the striatal region of the brain. Expression level changes of SGK1 (serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1) and PER2 (period circadian protein homolog 2), two putative biomarkers for drug dependence, were also analyzed. Results showed that 25INBOMe increased both CPP (0.3 mg/kg) and SA (0.03 mg/kg/infusion) and produced higher frequencies in USVs analysis. It also increased DA levels in the striatal region and changed expression levels of SGK1 and PER2. Results of the present study suggest that 25INBOMe might produce rewarding and reinforcing effects, indicating its dependence liability. In addition, frequencies of USV might be associated with emotional state of mice induced by psychoactive substances regarding substance dependence. This is the first systemic preclinical report on the dependence liability of 25INBOMe and the first attempt to introduce a possible relationship between USVs and emotional state of mice regarding substance dependency. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism involved in 25INBOMe dependency and determine the usefulness of USV measurement as a method for evaluating dependence liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Jeon
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- Cosmetics Policy Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Suh
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Cha
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Messripour M, Gheisary MM, Mesripour A. Age Related Effects of Levodopa on Rat Brain Striatal Acetylcholinesterase. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712418010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Cunha V, Rodrigues P, Santos MM, Moradas-Ferreira P, Ferreira M. Fluoxetine modulates the transcription of genes involved in serotonin, dopamine and adrenergic signalling in zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:954-961. [PMID: 29145140 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters pathways in fish and mammals are phylogenetically conserved. Therefore, the environmental presence of psychopharmaceuticals, such as fluoxetine (FLU), are likely to interact with fish serotonergic, dopaminergic and adrenergic systems, affecting their response and associated biological functions. Hence, the present work aimed at evaluating the effects of FLU in the transcription of genes involved in serotonin, dopamine and adrenergic transporters and receptors signalling in early stages of Danio rerio development. Embryos (1 hpf) were exposed for 80 h to different concentrations of FLU (0.0015, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 0.8 μM) and mRNA levels of sert, 5-ht1a, 5-ht2c, dat, drd1b, drd2b, net, adra2a, adra2b, adra2c, vmat and mao were evaluated. A sensorimotor reflex assay was also performed demonstrating a significant decrease in tail reflex at 0.1 and 0.5 μM. The transcription levels of serotonergic and dopaminergic transporters (sert and dat) and vmat were down-regulated at environmentally relevant concentration (0.0015 μM). Receptors 5-ht2c, drd2b adra2b and adra2c mRNA levels also displayed a down regulation pattern after FLU exposure. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the interaction of FLU with the neurotransmission system at environmentally relevant concentrations by changing transcription patterns. Therefore, given the importance of these signalling pathways it is possible that their disruption can ultimately disturb the escape behaviour and biological functions in fish. Hence, evaluating the presence of this psychopharmaceutical in the aquatic environment should be implemented in future monitoring programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cunha
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal.
| | - P Rodrigues
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - M M Santos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Dept of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - P Moradas-Ferreira
- ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal; I3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Ferreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji Islands
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Jeon SY, Kim YJ, Kim YH, Shin J, Yun J, Han K, Park HK, Kim HS, Cha HJ. Abuse potential and dopaminergic effect of alkyl nitrites. Neurosci Lett 2016; 629:68-72. [PMID: 27369324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The abuse of alkyl nitrites is common among adolescents and young adults worldwide. However, the information regarding the effects of alkyl nitrites on the central nervous system and the associated psychological abuse potential is scarce. The abuse potential of 3 representative alkyl nitrites - isobutyl nitrite, isoamyl nitrite, and butyl nitrite - was evaluated in mice using conditioned place preference tests with an unbiased method. The dopamine levels released by synaptosomes extracted from the striatal region were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Mice treated with the test substances (50mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited a significantly increased drug-paired place preference. Moreover, greater levels of dopamine were released by striatal region synaptosomes in response to isobutyl nitrite treatment in mice. Thus, our findings suggest that alkyl nitrites could lead to psychological dependence and dopaminergic effects. Furthermore, these results provide scientific evidence to support the regulation of alkyl nitrites as psychoactive substances in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Jeon
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osong Saengmyeong 2-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Chungju-shi 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ji Kim
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osong Saengmyeong 2-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Chungju-shi 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osong Saengmyeong 2-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Chungju-shi 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoon Shin
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osong Saengmyeong 2-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Chungju-shi 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osong Saengmyeong 2-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Chungju-shi 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmoon Han
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osong Saengmyeong 2-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Chungju-shi 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Park
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osong Saengmyeong 2-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Chungju-shi 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Soo Kim
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osong Saengmyeong 2-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Chungju-shi 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Cha
- Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osong Saengmyeong 2-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Chungju-shi 28159, Republic of Korea.
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Lesemann A, Reinel C, Hühnchen P, Pilhatsch M, Hellweg R, Klaissle P, Winter C, Steiner B. MPTP-induced hippocampal effects on serotonin, dopamine, neurotrophins, adult neurogenesis and depression-like behavior are partially influenced by fluoxetine in adult mice. Brain Res 2012; 1457:51-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Messripour M, Shahidi Z. Short- and long-term effects of L-dopa administration on striatal acetylcholinesterase activity. MOLECULAR AND CHEMICAL NEUROPATHOLOGY 1990; 13:217-24. [PMID: 2099784 DOI: 10.1007/bf03159924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exogenously applied dopamine may interfere with cholinergic activity in the brain. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of L-dopa administration on acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) activity in rat (Wistar) brain striatum. Short-term administration of a mixture of L-dopa (10 mg/kg) and carbidopa (1 mg/kg) resulted in an increase in dopamine content and a decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity of the tissue. The greatest changes were found 30 min postinjection, and activity returned to near-control values after 2 h. When the drug mixture was injected for a period of 30 d and the animals were killed 24 h after the last injection, a lower dopamine content and higher enzyme activity were seen, compared to control values. It would appear that chronic administration of L-dopa gradually reduced the dopamine-storage capacity of the striatum and that the activity of acetylcholinesterase might be controlled by the levels of dopamine in the brain striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Messripour
- Department of Biochemistry, Isfahan Medical Sciences University, Iran
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