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Mencke P, Hanss Z, Boussaad I, Sugier PE, Elbaz A, Krüger R. Bidirectional Relation Between Parkinson's Disease and Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Neurol 2020; 11:898. [PMID: 32973662 PMCID: PMC7468383 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and Parkinson's disease (PD) define two disease entities that include opposite concepts. Indeed, the involved mechanisms are at different ends of a spectrum related to cell survival - one due to enhanced cellular proliferation and the other due to premature cell death. There is increasing evidence indicating that patients with neurodegenerative diseases like PD have a reduced incidence for most cancers. In support, epidemiological studies demonstrate an inverse association between PD and cancer. Both conditions apparently can involve the same set of genes, however, in affected tissues the expression was inversely regulated: genes that are down-regulated in PD were found to be up-regulated in cancer and vice versa, for example p53 or PARK7. When comparing glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a malignant brain tumor with poor overall survival, with PD, astrocytes are dysregulated in both diseases in opposite ways. In addition, common genes, that are involved in both diseases and share common key pathways of cell proliferation and metabolism, were shown to be oppositely deregulated in PD and GBM. Here, we provide an overview of the involvement of PD- and GBM-associated genes in common pathways that are dysregulated in both conditions. Moreover, we illustrate why the simultaneous study of PD and GBM regarding the role of common pathways may lead to a deeper understanding of these still incurable conditions. Eventually, considering the inverse regulation of certain genes in PD and GBM will help to understand their mechanistic basis, and thus to define novel target-based strategies for causative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Mencke
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Zoé Hanss
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ibrahim Boussaad
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Alexis Elbaz
- Institut de Statistique de l'Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Murugesan T, Durairaj N, Ramasamy M, Jayaraman K, Palaniswamy M, Jayaraman A. Analeptic agent from microbes upon cyanide degradation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1557-1565. [PMID: 29285551 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbes being the initial form of life and ubiquitous in occurrence, they adapt to the environment quickly. The microbial metabolism undergoes alteration to ensure conducive environment either by degrading the toxic substances or producing toxins to protect themselves. The presence of cyanide waste triggers the cyanide degrading enzymes in the microbes which facilitate the microbes to utilize the cyanide for its growth. To enable the degradation of cyanide, the microbes also produce the necessary cofactors and enhancers catalyzing the degradation pathways. Pterin, a cofactor of the enzyme cyanide monooxygenase catalyzing the oxidation of cyanide, is considered to be a potentially bioactive compound. Besides that, the pterins also act as cofactor for the enzymes involved in neurotransmitter metabolism. The therapeutic values of pterin as neuromodulating agent validate the necessity to pursue the commercial production of pterin. Even though chemical synthesis is possible, the non-toxic methods of pterin production need to be given greater attention in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandeeswaran Murugesan
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Nisshanthini Durairaj
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Mahendran Ramasamy
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Karunya Jayaraman
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Muthusamy Palaniswamy
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India
| | - Angayarkanni Jayaraman
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India.
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Abstract
AbstractOxidative stress is known to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Neuronal redox status is maintained by glucose metabolism via the pentose-phosphate pathway and it is known that disruption of glucose metabolism is damaging to neurons. Accumulating evidence supports the idea that glucose metabolism is altered in PD and dysregulation of the pentose-phosphate pathway in this disease has recently been shown. In this review, we present an overview of the literature regarding neuronal glucose metabolism and PD, and discuss the implications of these findings for PD pathogenesis and possible future therapeutic avenues.
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Dunn L, Allen GF, Mamais A, Ling H, Li A, Duberley KE, Hargreaves IP, Pope S, Holton JL, Lees A, Heales SJ, Bandopadhyay R. Dysregulation of glucose metabolism is an early event in sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:1111-5. [PMID: 24300239 PMCID: PMC3969149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Unlike most other cell types, neurons preferentially metabolize glucose via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to maintain their antioxidant status. Inhibiting the PPP in neuronal cell models causes cell death. In rodents, inhibition of this pathway causes selective dopaminergic cell death leading to motor deficits resembling parkinsonism. Using postmortem human brain tissue, we characterized glucose metabolism via the PPP in sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and controls. AD brains showed increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) production in areas affected by disease. In PD however, increased NADPH production was only seen in the affected areas of late-stage cases. Quantifying PPP NADPH-producing enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, showed a reduction in the putamen of early-stage PD and interestingly in the cerebellum of early and late-stage PD. Importantly, there was no decrease in enzyme levels in the cortex, putamen, or cerebellum of AD. Our results suggest that down-regulation of PPP enzymes and a failure to increase antioxidant reserve is an early event in the pathogenesis of sporadic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dunn
- Reta Lila Weston Laboratories, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - George Fg Allen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit. University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Adamantios Mamais
- Reta Lila Weston Laboratories, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Helen Ling
- Reta Lila Weston Laboratories, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Queen Square Brain Bank, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Abi Li
- Queen Square Brain Bank, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kate E Duberley
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Simon Pope
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Janice L Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrew Lees
- Reta Lila Weston Laboratories, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Simon J Heales
- Chemical Pathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK; Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rina Bandopadhyay
- Reta Lila Weston Laboratories, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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