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Gupta A, Yadav K, Yadav A, Ahmad R, Srivastava A, Kumar D, Khan MA, Dwivedi UN. Mannose-specific plant and microbial lectins as antiviral agents: A review. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:1-33. [PMID: 38244136 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Lectins are non-immunological carbohydrate-binding proteins classified on the basis of their structure, origin, and sugar specificity. The binding specificity of such proteins with the surface glycan moiety determines their activity and clinical applications. Thus, lectins hold great potential as diagnostic and drug discovery agents and as novel biopharmaceutical products. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding plant and microbial lectins as therapeutic agents against various viral diseases. Among them, mannose-specific lectins have being proven as promising antiviral agents against a variety of viruses, such as HIV, Influenza, Herpes, Ebola, Hepatitis, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and most recent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The binding of mannose-binding lectins (MBLs) from plants and microbes to high-mannose containing N-glycans (which may be simple or complex) of glycoproteins found on the surface of viruses has been found to be highly specific and mainly responsible for their antiviral activity. MBLs target various steps in the viral life cycle, including viral attachment, entry and replication. The present review discusses the brief classification and structure of lectins along with antiviral activity of various mannose-specific lectins from plants and microbial sources and their diagnostic and therapeutic applications against viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kusum Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anurag Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, C.P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agriculture University, District-Banaskantha, Gujarat, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Amir Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - U N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sreeja Devi PS, Kumar NS, Sabu KK. Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant activities of different parts of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae): A review on current status of knowledge. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Jackfruit tree) is one of the most ancient fruits indigenous to Western Ghats of India. They are large edible summer fruits and are good source of nutritional and antioxidant components which hold their potential for nutraceutical development.
Main body
The present review attempts to document reports on the chemical and pharmacological investigations carried out with jackfruit. Research shows that the fruit contains a huge amount of phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins which exhibit antioxidant properties.
Conclusions
Diversity of secondary metabolites present in the jackfruit shows that it is a functionally, nutritionally, and medicinally important fruit. Detailed studies are essential for awareness among people for the proper use of jackfruit as a functional food and utilize the medicinal uses of jackfruit.
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Barre A, Bourne Y, Van Damme EJM, Rougé P. Overview of the Structure⁻Function Relationships of Mannose-Specific Lectins from Plants, Algae and Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E254. [PMID: 30634645 PMCID: PMC6359319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, a number of mannose-binding lectins have been isolated and characterized from plants and fungi. These proteins are composed of different structural scaffold structures which harbor a single or multiple carbohydrate-binding sites involved in the specific recognition of mannose-containing glycans. Generally, the mannose-binding site consists of a small, central, carbohydrate-binding pocket responsible for the "broad sugar-binding specificity" toward a single mannose molecule, surrounded by a more extended binding area responsible for the specific recognition of larger mannose-containing N-glycan chains. Accordingly, the mannose-binding specificity of the so-called mannose-binding lectins towards complex mannose-containing N-glycans depends largely on the topography of their mannose-binding site(s). This structure⁻function relationship introduces a high degree of specificity in the apparently homogeneous group of mannose-binding lectins, with respect to the specific recognition of high-mannose and complex N-glycans. Because of the high specificity towards mannose these lectins are valuable tools for deciphering and characterizing the complex mannose-containing glycans that decorate both normal and transformed cells, e.g., the altered high-mannose N-glycans that often occur at the surface of various cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Barre
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Bourne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Univ, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Rougé
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paul Sabatier, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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Jagtap UB, Bapat VA. Artocarpus: a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 129:142-166. [PMID: 20380874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The genus Artocarpus (Moraceae) comprises about 50 species of evergreen and deciduous trees. Economically, the genus is of appreciable importance as a source of edible fruit, yield fairly good timber and is widely used in folk medicines. The aim of the present review is to present comprehensive information of the chemical constituents, biological and pharmacological research on Artocarpus which will be presented and critically evaluated. The close connection between traditional and modern sources for ethnopharmacological uses of Artocarpus species, especially for treatment against inflammation, malarial fever, diarrhoea, diabetes and tapeworm infection. Artocarpus species are rich in phenolic compounds including flavonoids, stilbenoids, arylbenzofurons and Jacalin, a lectin. The extracts and metabolites of Artocarpus particularly those from leaves, bark, stem and fruit possess several useful bioactive compounds and recently additional data are available on exploitation of these compounds in the various biological activities including antibacterial, antitubercular, antiviral, antifungal, antiplatelet, antiarthritic, tyrosinase inhibitory and cytotoxicity. Several pharmacological studies of the natural products from Artocarpus have conclusively established their mode of action in treatment of various diseases and other health benefits. Jacalin, a lectin present in seeds of this plant has a wide range of activities. Strong interdisciplinary programmes that incorporate conventional and new technologies will be critical for the future development of Artocarpus as a promising source of medicinal products. In the present review, attempts on the important findings have been made on identification; synthesis and bioactivity of metabolites present in Artocarpus which have been highlighted along with the current trends in research on Artocarpus.
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Affiliation(s)
- U B Jagtap
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, (MS), India
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Pereira-da-Silva G, Roque-Barreira MC, Van Damme EJM. Artin M: a rational substitution for the names artocarpin and KM+. Immunol Lett 2008; 119:114-5. [PMID: 18602950 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present letter is to propose a rational nomenclature for the d-mannose-binding lectin from seeds of Artocarpus integrifolia. It is justified by the existing confusion in the literature concerning the trivial names used until now to designate the lectin and by the increasing interest in its biomedical applications, specially those concerning the immunomodulation activity exerted by the lectin, triggered by the recognition of glycoconjugates on the surface of cells of the innate immunity. The new nomenclature proposed for the lectin refers to both its origin and its specificity on sugar recognition.
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Konozy EHE, Mulay R, Faca V, Ward RJ, Greene LJ, Roque-Barriera MC, Sabharwal S, Bhide SV. Purification, some properties of a D-galactose-binding leaf lectin from Erythrina indica and further characterization of seed lectin. Biochimie 2002; 84:1035-43. [PMID: 12504284 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(02)00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lectin from a leaf of Erythrina indica was isolated by affinity chromatography on Lactamyl-Seralose 4B. Lectin gave a single band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). In SDS-gel electrophoresis under reducing and non-reducing conditions Erythrina indica leaf lectin (EiLL) split into two bands with subunit molecular weights of 30 and 33 kDa, whereas 58 kDa was obtained for the intact lectin by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. EiLL agglutinated all human RBC types, with a slight preference for the O blood group. Lectin was found to be a glycoprotein with a neutral sugar content of 9.5%. The carbohydrate specificity of lectin was directed towards D-galactose and its derivatives with pronounced preference for lactose. EiLL had pH optima at pH 7.0; above and below this pH lectin lost sugar-binding capability rapidly. Lectin showed broad temperature optima from 25 to 50 degrees C; however, at 55 degrees C EiLL lost more than 90% of its activity and at 60 degrees C it was totally inactivated. The pI of EiLL was found to be 7.6. The amino acid analysis of EiLL indicated that the lectin was rich in acidic as well as hydrophobic amino acids and totally lacked cysteine and methionine. The N-terminal amino acids were Val-Glu-Thr-IIe-Ser-Phe-Ser-Phe-Ser-Glu-Phe-Glu-Ala-Gly-Asn-Asp-X-Leu-Thr-Gln-Glu-Gly-Ala-Ala-Leu-. Chemical modification studies of both EiLL and Erythrina indica seed lectin (EiSL) with phenylglyoxal, DEP and DTNB revealed an absence of arginine, histidine and cysteine, respectively, in or near the ligand-binding site of both lectins. Modification of tyrosine with NAI led to partial inactivation of EiLL and EiSL; however, total inactivation was observed upon NBS-modification of two tryptophan residues in EiSL. Despite the apparent importance of these tryptophan residues for lectin activity they did not seem to have a direct role in binding haptenic sugar as D-galactose did not protect lectin from inactivation by NBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emadeldin H E Konozy
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Wu AM, Song SC, Tsai MS, Herp A. A Guide to the Carbohydrate Specificities of Applied Lectins-2. THE MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY OF COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES —2 2001; 491:551-85. [PMID: 14533822 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1267-7_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Wu
- Glyco-Immunochemistry Research Laboratory, Chang-Gung Medical College, Chang-Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
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Van Damme EJ, Barre A, Verhaert P, Rougé P, Peumans WJ. Molecular cloning of the mitogenic mannose/maltose-specific rhizome lectin from Calystegia sepium. FEBS Lett 1996; 397:352-6. [PMID: 8955378 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(96)01211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
cDNA clones encoding the mitogenic mannose/maltose-specific lectin from the rhizomes of hedge bindweed (Calystegia sepium) have been isolated and sequenced. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence and the molecular weight of the lectin subunit as determined by mass spectrometry indicated that the mature protein comprises the entire open reading frame of the cDNA, which implies that the primary translation product contains no signal peptide and is not proteolytically processed. Searches in the databases revealed sequence homology with the previously described lectins from the taxonomically unrelated Moraceae species Artocarpus integrifolia and Maclura pomifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Van Damme
- Laboratorium voor Fytopathologie en Plantenbescherming, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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Chowdhury S, Chatterjee BP. Artocarpin-galactomannan interaction: characterization of combining site of artocarpin. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1993; 32:243-249. [PMID: 7763362 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)94975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Artocarpin, a lectin purified from Artocarpus lakoocha seeds, precipitates well several galactomannans having terminal D-Gal-alpha-(1-6)-residues. Quantitative precipitin-inhibition studies using various haptens suggest that the -OCH2-group at C-1 and hydroxyl groups at C-4, and partially at C-6, in the alpha-glycoside of D-galactose configuration are necessary for lectin-sugar interaction. The formation of an artocarpin-fenugreek galactomannan complex was dependent on temperature, pH, ionic strength and the number of hydroxy groups of alditols added to the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta
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Abstract
Various monosaccharides and oligosaccharides were used to define the specificity of the Butea frondosa lectin using the hapten inhibition technique of human erythrocyte agglutination. Although B. frondosa lectin exhibited higher affinity for N-acetylgalactosamine, lactose and N-acetyllactosamine appeared to be relatively good inhibitors of haemagglutination. The behaviour of N-acetyllactosamine-type oligosaccharides and glycopeptides on a column of B. frondosa lectin immobilized on Sepharose 4B showed that the sugar-binding specificity of the lectin is directed towards unmasked N-acetyllactosamine sequences. Substitution of these N-acetyllactosamine sequences by sialic acid residues completely abolished the affinity of the lectin for the saccharides. The presence of one or several alpha Fuc(1-3)GlcNAc groups completely inhibited the interaction between the glycopeptides and the lectin. Substitution of the core beta-mannose residue by an additional bisecting beta(1-4)GlcNAc residue decreases the affinity of the lectin for these structures as compared with the unsubstituted ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ayouba
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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