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Sternecker K, Geist J, Beggel S, Dietz-Laursonn K, de la Fuente M, Frank HG, Furia JP, Milz S, Schmitz C. Exposure of zebra mussels to extracorporeal shock waves demonstrates formation of new mineralized tissue inside and outside the focus zone. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.033258. [PMID: 29615415 PMCID: PMC6078343 DOI: 10.1242/bio.033258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The success rate of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for fracture nonunions in human medicine (i.e. radiographic union at 6 months after ESWT) is only approximately 75%. Detailed knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms that induce bio-calcification after ESWT is limited. We analyzed the biological response within mineralized tissue of a new invertebrate model organism, the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, after exposure with extracorporeal shock waves (ESWs). Mussels were exposed to ESWs with positive energy density of 0.4 mJ/mm2 (A) or were sham exposed (B). Detection of newly calcified tissue was performed by exposing the mussels to fluorescent markers. Two weeks later, the A-mussels showed a higher mean fluorescence signal intensity within the shell zone than the B-mussels (P<0.05). Acoustic measurements revealed that the increased mean fluorescence signal intensity within the shell of the A-mussels was independent of the size and position of the focal point of the ESWs. These data demonstrate that induction of bio-calcification after ESWT may not be restricted to the region of direct energy transfer of ESWs into calcified tissue. The results of the present study are of relevance for better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that induce formation of new mineralized tissue after ESWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Sternecker
- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Research Unit, Chair of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Juergen Geist
- Aquatic System Biology Unit, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beggel
- Aquatic System Biology Unit, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans-Georg Frank
- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Research Unit, Chair of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - John P Furia
- SUN Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Division of Evangelical Community Hospital, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Stefan Milz
- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Research Unit, Chair of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Research Unit, Chair of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Zhao L, Yang F, Milano S, Han T, Walliser EO, Schöne BR. Transgenerational acclimation to seawater acidification in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum: Preferential uptake of metabolic carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:95-103. [PMID: 29426219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhao
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany; Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8564, Japan.
| | - Feng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Stefania Milano
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Tiankun Han
- Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Eric O Walliser
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Bernd R Schöne
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
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3
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Chen X, Su Y, Liu H, Jiang T, Yang J. Mineral composition variation in the shells of freshwater mussel Anodonta woodianaat different growth stages. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2017.1361475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiubao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resources Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanping Su
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resources Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resources Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resources Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Eco-environment Assessment and Resources Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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Waller DL, Bartsch MR, Fredricks KT, Bartsch LA, Schleis SM, Lee SH. Effects of carbon dioxide on juveniles of the freshwater mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea [Unionidae]). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:671-681. [PMID: 27466973 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) has shown promise as a tool to control movements of invasive Asian carp, but its effects on native freshwater biota have not been well studied. The authors evaluated lethal and sublethal responses of juvenile fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) mussels to CO2 at levels (43-269 mg/L, mean concentration) that bracket concentrations effective for deterring carp movement. The 28-d lethal concentration to 50% of the mussels was 87.0 mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 78.4-95.9) and at 16-d postexposure, 76.0 mg/L (95% CI 62.9-90.3). A proportional hazards regression model predicted that juveniles could not survive CO2 concentrations >160 mg/L for more than 2 wk or >100 mg/L CO2 for more than 30 d. Mean shell growth was significantly lower for mussels that survived CO2 treatments. Growth during the postexposure period did not differ among treatments, indicating recovery of the mussels. Also, CO2 caused shell pitting and erosion. Behavioral effects of CO2 included movement of mussels to the substrate surface and narcotization at the highest concentrations. Mussels in the 110 mg/L mean CO2 treatment had the most movements in the first 3 d of exposure. If CO2 is infused continuously as a fish deterrent, concentrations <76 mg/L are recommended to prevent juvenile mussel mortality and shell damage. Mussels may survive and recover from brief exposure to higher concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:671-681. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Waller
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Michelle R Bartsch
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Kim T Fredricks
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Lynn A Bartsch
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Susan M Schleis
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Sheldon H Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Viterbo University, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
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Hinzmann MF, Lopes-Lima M, Bobos I, Ferreira J, Domingues B, Machado J. Morphological and chemical characterization of mineral concretions in the freshwater bivalveAnodonta cygnea(Unionidae). J Morphol 2014; 276:65-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana F. Hinzmann
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar; Departamento de Produção Aquática; Universidade do Porto; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marítima e Ambiental; Universidade do Porto; Rua dos Bragas, n.289 4050-123 Porto Portugal
| | - Manuel Lopes-Lima
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marítima e Ambiental; Universidade do Porto; Rua dos Bragas, n.289 4050-123 Porto Portugal
| | - Iulius Bobos
- Departamento Geociências; FCUP - Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto; Rua Campo Alegre 687 4169 - 007 Porto Portugal
| | - Jorge Ferreira
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P., Rua da Amieira; 4466-956 S. Mamede de Infesta Portugal
| | - Bernardo Domingues
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar; Departamento de Produção Aquática; Universidade do Porto; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marítima e Ambiental; Universidade do Porto; Rua dos Bragas, n.289 4050-123 Porto Portugal
| | - Jorge Machado
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar; Departamento de Produção Aquática; Universidade do Porto; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marítima e Ambiental; Universidade do Porto; Rua dos Bragas, n.289 4050-123 Porto Portugal
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Alves MG, Oliveira PF. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid alters intracellular pH and ion transport in the outer mantle epithelium of the bivalve Anodonta cygnea. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 154:12-18. [PMID: 24854203 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve molluscs, due to their sedentary mode of life and filter-feeding behavior, are very susceptible to pollutant bioaccumulation and used as sentinel organisms in the assessment of environment pollution. Herein we aimed to determine the in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a widely used herbicide, in Anodonta cygnea shell growth mechanisms. For that, we evaluated the effect of 2,4-D (100 μM) exposure on the transepithelial short-circuit current (Isc), potential (Vt) and conductance (Gt), as well as on OME ion transport systems and intracellular pH (pHi). In vivo exposure to 2,4-D caused an increase of 50% on the Isc generated by OME and ex vivo addition of that compound to the apical side of OME also induced an Isc increase. Furthermore, 2,4-D was able to cause a pHi increase in isolated cells of OME. Noteworthy, when 2,4-D was added following the exposure to specific inhibitors of several membrane transporters identified as responsible for pHi maintenance in these cells, no significant effect was observed on pHi except when the V-type ATPase inhibitor was used, indicating an overlap with the effect of 2,4-D. Thus, we concluded that 2,4-D is able of enhancing the activity of the V-ATPases present on the OME of A. cygnea and that this effect seems to be due to a direct stimulation of those H(+) transporters present on the apical portion of the membrane of OME cells, which are vital for shell maintenance and growth. This study allows us to better understand the molecular mechanisms behind 2,4-D toxicity and its deleterious effect in aquatic ecosystems, with particular emphasis on those involved in shell formation of bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco G Alves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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7
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Alves MG, Oliveira PF. Effects of non-steroidal estrogen diethylstilbestrol on pH and ion transport in the mantle epithelium of a bivalve Anodonta cygnea. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 97:230-235. [PMID: 23953926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater bivalves are used as sentinel organisms to detect pollutants effects in the aquatic environment due to their sedentary nature, filter-feeding behaviour. We aimed to determine the in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro influence of Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a widely used synthetic non-steroidal estrogen and endocrine disruptor, in Anodonta cygnea shell growth mechanisms. For that, in vivo exposure to DES (0.75μM) during 15 days, in vitro and ex vivo exposure of outer mantle epithelium (OME) cells to DES (0.75μM), were performed followed by study of short-circuit current (Isc), transepithelial potential (Vt) and transepithelial conductance (Gt) as well as identification of membrane transport systems and intracellular pH (pHi). Our results show that in vivo exposure to DES decreases in 30% the OME Isc and ex vivo addition of DES to the basolateral side of OME also induced Isc decrease. Several membrane transporters such as V-type ATPases, Na(+)/H(+) exchangers, Na(+)-K(+) pump, Na(+)-driven and Na(+)-independent HCO3(-)/Cl(-) transporters and Na(+)/HCO3(-) co-transporter were identified as responsible for pHi maintenance in OME and noteworthy, DES caused a pHi decrease in OME cells similar to the effect observed when OME cells were exposed to 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene disulfonic acid (DIDS), an inhibitor of several bicarbonate membrane transporters. The addition of DIDS after OME cells exposure to DES did not cause any alteration. We concluded that DES is able to modulate membrane ion transport and pHi in the OME of A. cygnea and that this effect seems to be due to inhibition of HCO3(-)/Cl(-) co-transporters present on the basolateral membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco G Alves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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8
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Lopes-Lima M, Freitas S, Pereira L, Gouveia E, Hinzmann M, Checa A, Machado J. Ionic regulation and shell mineralization in the bivalve Anodonta cygnea (swan mussel) following heavy-metal exposure. CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/z11-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater mussels are one of the most imperiled faunistic groups in the world and environmental exposure to toxic heavy metals, which result in deregulation of calcium absorption and deposition in the laboratory, may be a contributing factor in their decline. To address potential effects of heavy-metal exposure on calcium transport and metabolism in freshwater bivalves, adult Anodonta cygnea (L., 1758) were exposed to a sublethal concentration (1.0 × 10−6 mol/L) of essential (Zn2+ and Cu2+) or nonessential (Pb2+ and Cr3+) metal for 30 days in the laboratory. Inorganic composition of extrapallial, haemolymph, heart, and pericardium fluids, and kidney tissue, as well as shell morphology by scanning electron microscopy, were compared in treated and untreated mussels. Calcium levels in fluids varied after exposure to any of the metals investigated, although the magnitude and threshold of effect were metal- and compartment-specific. Ca2+ levels increased robustly in all fluids following exposure to Zn2+, Cu2+, or Cr3+, whereas levels decreased significantly in heart fluid alone following Pb2+ exposure (p < 0.05). In constrast to exposure to the other metals, Cu2+ revealed an interesting reverse-accumulation pattern, decreasing in the fluids but not in the kidney, where it clearly accumulates for excretion. In addition, whereas essential Cu2+ and Zn2+ are closely regulated, the nonessential metals Pb2+ and Cr3+ increase to very high levels. Drastic alterations in shell morphology, specifically the structure of border and inner pallial regions of the nacreous layer, were observed after Cu2+ or Cr3+ exposure. Collectively, data suggest that prolonged exposure to a sublethal concentration of these heavy metals can adversely affect compartmental calcium availability and shell composition in A. cygnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lopes-Lima
- Department of Aquatic Production, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Lg. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Freitas
- Department of Aquatic Production, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Lg. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Pereira
- Department of Aquatic Production, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Lg. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gouveia
- Department of Aquatic Production, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Lg. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Hinzmann
- Department of Aquatic Production, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Lg. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio Checa
- Department of Aquatic Production, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Lg. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Machado
- Department of Aquatic Production, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Lg. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
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Chumnanpuen P, Kovitvadhi U, Chatchavalvanich K, Thongpan A, Kovitvadhi S. Morphological development of glochidia in artificial media through early juvenile of freshwater pearl mussel,Hyriopsis(Hyriopsis)bialatusSimpson, 1900. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2010.548643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Ewald ML, Feminella JW, Lenertz KK, Henry RP. Acute physiological responses of the freshwater snail Elimia flava (Mollusca: Pleuroceridae) to environmental pH and calcium. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 150:237-45. [PMID: 19426831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The individual and interactive effects of environmental pH (7 [control], 6, 5, and 4) and calcium (0, 5, and 50 mg/L) were studied on hemolymph ions (pH, Ca(2+), total CO(2), Na(+), K(+)) and osmolality in the freshwater snail, Elimia flava, over a 72-h exposure. All hemolymph factors strongly differed with environmental pH. Snails exposed to pH 4 were inactive and experienced more dramatic ionic disturbances than snails at pH 5, 6, and 7, including reduced hemolymph pH, depressed Na(+) concentrations, and increased Ca(2+) and total CO(2) concentrations. There was an initial but transient increase in hemolymph K(+) over the 72 h exposure period. Environmental calcium ameliorated effects of acidification on hemolymph pH and Na(+), reducing the degree of depression in both variables irrespective of environmental pH or exposure time. In a separate experiment, effects of acidification on snail respiration were examined in which VO(2) was measured over 24 h in snails exposed to pH 7 and 4. Exposure to pH 4 caused a 64% reduction in oxygen uptake at 2 h and a maximum reduction (81%) at 11 h. Our results suggest that snails exposed to pH 4 cease interacting with the surrounding medium and use internal stores of CaCO(3) to buffer hemolymph acidification, whereas snails at pH 5 and higher appear to use environmental calcium as a buffer source. These results suggest an important role of environmental calcium in ameliorating the impacts of short-term, sublethal acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lou Ewald
- Outreach Education, College of Sciences and Mathematics, 131 Sciences Center Classroom, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5434, USA.
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11
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Lopes-Lima M, Lopes A, Casaca P, Nogueira I, Checa A, Machado J. Seasonal variations of pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3 − and Ca2+ in the haemolymph: implications on the calcification physiology in Anodonta cygnea. J Comp Physiol B 2008; 179:279-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-008-0311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Lopes-Lima M, Bleher R, Forg T, Hafner M, Machado J. Studies on a PMCA-like protein in the outer mantle epithelium of Anodonta cygnea: insights on calcium transcellular dynamics. J Comp Physiol B 2007; 178:17-25. [PMID: 17712564 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-007-0195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Early studies on the outer mantle epithelium (OME) cells of the freshwater bivalve Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758) revealed high ionic calcium concentrations by electrophysiological methods and subsequently a high tendency to reach an intracellular toxic condition. This toxicity could be neutralized by specific mechanisms in the cytosol of OME cells of A. cygnea. The present immunocytochemistry studies of OME cells by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) clearly showed a positive reaction of an antibody directed against the human plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase 1 (PMCA-1) in the cytoplasm of OME cells. Also, western blot analysis of different fractions of OME cells with anti human PMCA-1 and C28R2 antibodies confirmed the presence of a PMCA-like protein with an unusual topographical localization and a molecular weight of only 70-80 kDa. These results lead us to speculate that this PMCA-like protein is distributed either in the plasma membrane or in the entire cytosol, where it eventually regulates intracellular calcium levels. Interestingly, the antibody reactions showed seasonal variations, being highest in OME samples prepared during summer when A. cygnea live under natural acidosis and absent in samples taken in winter conditions, which is in accordance with the seasonal variation of shell calcification rates. During winter, PMCA-1 antibody reaction was also detected in OME cells of animals kept only under experimentally induced acidosis conditions. Therefore, we assume that a functional role for this PMCA-like protein in the intracellular calcium regulation of OME cells during the mineralization of the shells of A. cygnea can be speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lopes-Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Aplicada, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Lg. Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-003, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Lopes-Lima M, Ribeiro I, Pinto RA, Machado J. Isolation, purification and characterization of glycosaminoglycans in the fluids of the mollusc Anodonta cygnea. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2005; 141:319-26. [PMID: 16006160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2004] [Revised: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The isolation, purification and characterization of Anodonta cygnea haemolymph, and extrapallial fluid glycosaminoglycans (Gags), which have high calcium affinity, were carried out in order to better understand the process of nacreous shell biomineralization. Our results show the existence of two different Gags with similar contents in the two fluids, throughout the year, but with significant seasonal variations for both. In the winter months, we identified by electrophoresis, only one kind of Gag chain (hyaluronic acid) while two different Gags (hyaluronic acid and heparan sulphate-like) from both fluids of A. cygnea were found in summer months. Quantification showed the total Gag fractions of both fluids in average, at their highest concentration (79.8 mg/L) in the highest calcification summer period. In contrast, the period of the year with the lowest concentration of total Gags (54.6 mg/L) occurred during the winter when calcification is reduced. This significant decrease between seasons is correlated mainly with the sulphated fraction, being 37.1 mg/L in the summer while only 9.2 mg/L in the winter haemolymph. The present data suggest that a heparan sulphate-like Gag has a relevant role in the biomineralization mechanisms acting as the calcium carbonate nucleator in the shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lopes-Lima
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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14
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Pratoomchat B, Sawangwong P, Guedes R, Reis Md MDL, Machado J. Cuticle Ultrastructure Changes in the Crab Scylla serrata Over the Molt Cycle. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 2002; 293:414-26. [PMID: 12210124 DOI: 10.1002/jez.90002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Morphological and chemical studies on the cuticle during the molt cycle of the crab Scylla serrata were performed in order to understand the layer formation. Cuticle ultrastructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence analysis were used for identification of the elements and phases in the inner surface of the cuticle. In the first stage (A) of cuticle formation, a thin pellicle organized as an irregular fragmented structure is built. It is composed mainly of alpha-chitin/protein beta-keratin-like complexes where heterogeneous mineral nucleation occur. It is impregnated by ferric concretions, responsible for the brown colour of the carapace. At the beginning of the mineralization process, a spheroidal inorganic phase appears consisting of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) Ca/P=1.00, octacalcium phosphate (OCP) Ca/P=1.33 associated with hydromagnesite and bromapatite traces. During further cuticle development in the remaining A stage and in the beginning of the B stage, calcite and magnesian calcite are formed from the precursor calcium phosphate phase. The next development in the C stages is characterized by intense calcareous thickening consisting mainly of calcite and of magnesian calcite, which become the major mineral fraction of the cuticle. Organic-inorganic complex precipitations exhibit different aspects as spongiform, filamentary helicoidal, and concentric radial arrangements during C1, C2, and C3, respectively. During different stages of the cuticle formation in Scylla serrata, these mineral deposits may partially result from the balance among different organic contents, mainly between alpha-chitin and protein beta-keratin-like compounds. On the other hand, the calcium crystallization on apatite and calcite polymorphic structures may be influenced by variations of physico-chemical factors in the cuticle compartment. J. Exp. Zool. 293:414-426, 2002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonyarath Pratoomchat
- Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131 Thailand
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Soares-da-Silva IM, Ribeiro J, Valongo C, Pinto R, Vilanova M, Bleher R, Machado J. Cytometric, morphologic and enzymatic characterisation of haemocytes in Anodonta cygnea. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2002; 132:541-53. [PMID: 12044764 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The haemocytes in bivalve mussels are involved in many processes such as lesion repair, shell repair, elimination of small particles and toxic substances. In Anodonta cygnea there are two categories of haemolymph cells, the granulocytes and hyalinocytes. Two groups of cells were identified by flow cytometry and morphological studies: one with larger size and granularity representing 75%, and another group of cells (25%) which were approximately half the size. The cytochemical reactions showed peroxidase activity in the larger cells and a weak prophenoloxidase activity in the smaller cells. These characteristics suggest that the most common haemocytes are granulocytes and hyalinocytes are less common. Enzymatic studies showed clear activities of few enzymes in different compartments of the mantle. Both haemocytes presented significant variations for alpha-manosidase and beta-glucurosidase activities depending on the acid or alkaline pH. Almost all were sensitive to the pH changes, mainly the beta-galactosidase in the haemolymph plasma. On the contrary, the same enzymatic analysis in the extrapallial elements showed more stabilised activities. The simulation of acidic and alkaline condition with the observation of significant morphological and enzymatic activity changes, allow us to speculate some functional role, mainly in the haemolymph elements. The granulocytes may be speculated to have intense involvement in the digestion of small residues with the formation of calcareous stores while the hyalinocytes are more responsible for the elimination of soluble cytotoxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Soares-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Physiology, Abel Salazar Institute of the Biomedical Sciences, Centro de Investigação Marítima e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Lg. Prof. Abel Salazar, no. 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
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Moura G, Vilarinho L, Machado J. The action of Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Pb on fluid composition of Anodonta cygnea (L.): organic components. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 127:105-12. [PMID: 11126745 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The heavy metals, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Pb, were used to incubate healthy specimens of the freshwater mussel species, Anodonta cygnea. Afterwards, their biological fluids, either haemolymph or extrapallial fluid were analyzed for the presence of several organic constituents, known to be important for biomineralization, such as proteins, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and glucosamine. Proteins were subjected to further study, namely through the total amino acid determination after acid hydrolysis. The most disturbing pollutants tested seem to be Pb, Zn, and Cr, which caused highly decreased overall compositions, namely with respect to protein, and glucosamine, in comparison to the control group. This suggests that this group contributes to a decrease of the metabolic activity, and thus mineralization, in the exposed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Moura
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
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Soares-da-Silva I, Almeida M, Serrão P, Coelho M, Machado J. l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) in Anodonta cygnea: variation with acidosis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(98)10046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pynnönen K. Hemolymph Gases, Acid-Base Status, and Electrolyte Concentration in the Freshwater Clams Anodonta anatina and Unio tumidus during Exposure to and Recovery from Acidic Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1086/physzool.67.6.30163911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pynnönen K. Accumulation of45Ca in the freshwater unionidsAnodonta anatina andUnio tumidus, as influenced by water hardness, protons, and aluminum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402600103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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