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Mangalam M, Seleznov I, Kolosova E, Popov A, Kelty-Stephen DG, Kiyono K. Postural control in gymnasts: anisotropic fractal scaling reveals proprioceptive reintegration in vestibular perturbation. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 4:1393171. [PMID: 38699200 PMCID: PMC11063314 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2024.1393171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Dexterous postural control subtly complements movement variability with sensory correlations at many scales. The expressive poise of gymnasts exemplifies this lyrical punctuation of release with constraint, from coarse grain to fine scales. Dexterous postural control upon a 2D support surface might collapse the variation of center of pressure (CoP) to a relatively 1D orientation-a direction often oriented towards the focal point of a visual task. Sensory corrections in dexterous postural control might manifest in temporal correlations, specifically as fractional Brownian motions whose differences are more and less correlated with fractional Gaussian noises (fGns) with progressively larger and smaller Hurst exponent H. Traditional empirical work examines this arrangement of lower-dimensional compression of CoP along two orthogonal axes, anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML). Eyes-open and face-forward orientations cultivate greater variability along AP than ML axes, and the orthogonal distribution of spatial variability has so far gone hand in hand with an orthogonal distribution of H, for example, larger in AP and lower in ML. However, perturbing the orientation of task focus might destabilize the postural synergy away from its 1D distribution and homogenize the temporal correlations across the 2D support surface, resulting in narrower angles between the directions of the largest and smallest H. We used oriented fractal scaling component analysis (OFSCA) to investigate whether sensory corrections in postural control might thus become suborthogonal. OFSCA models raw 2D CoP trajectory by decomposing it in all directions along the 2D support surface and fits the directions with the largest and smallest H. We studied a sample of gymnasts in eyes-open and face-forward quiet posture, and results from OFSCA confirm that such posture exhibits the classic orthogonal distribution of temporal correlations. Head-turning resulted in a simultaneous decrease in this angle Δθ, which promptly reversed once gymnasts reoriented their heads forward. However, when vision was absent, there was only a discernible negative trend in Δθ, indicating a shift in the angle's direction but not a statistically significant one. Thus, the narrowing of Δθ may signify an adaptive strategy in postural control. The swift recovery of Δθ upon returning to a forward-facing posture suggests that the temporary reduction is specific to head-turning and does not impose a lasting burden on postural control. Turning the head reduced the angle between these two orientations, facilitating the release of postural degrees of freedom towards a more uniform spread of the CoP across both dimensions of the support surface. The innovative aspect of this work is that it shows how fractality might serve as a control parameter of adaptive mechanisms of dexterous postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Mangalam
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ivan Seleznov
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Elena Kolosova
- National University of Ukraine on Physical Education and Sport, Scientific Research Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Movement Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Popov
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ukrainian Catholic University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Damian G. Kelty-Stephen
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY, United States
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Magyar A, Racz E, Matesz C, Wolf E, Kiss P, Gaal B. Lesion-induced changes of brevican expression in the perineuronal net of the superior vestibular nucleus. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:649-654. [PMID: 34380906 PMCID: PMC8504393 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the vestibular sense organs evokes static and dynamic deficits in the eye movements, posture and vegetative functions. After a shorter or longer period of time, the vestibular function is partially or completely restored via a series of processes such as modification in the efficacy of synaptic inputs. As the plasticity of adult central nervous system is associated with the alteration of extracellular matrix, including its condensed form, the perineuronal net, we studied the changes of brevican expression in the perineuronal nets of the superior vestibular nucleus after unilateral labyrinth lesion. Our results demonstrated that the unilateral labyrinth lesion and subsequent compensation are accompanied by the changing of brevican staining pattern in the perineuronal nets of superior vestibular nucleus of the rat. The reduction of brevican in the perineuronal nets of superior vestibular nucleus may contribute to the vestibular plasticity by suspending the non-permissive role of brevican in the restoration of perineuronal net assembly. After a transitory decrease, the brevican expression restored to the control level parallel to the partial restoration of impaired vestibular function. The bilateral changing in the brevican expression supports the involvement of commissural vestibular fibers in the vestibular compensation. All experimental procedures were approved by the ‘University of Debrecen – Committee of Animal Welfare’ (approval No. 6/2017/DEMAB) and the ‘Scientific Ethics Committee of Animal Experimentation’ (approval No. HB/06/ÉLB/2270-10/2017; approved on June 6, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Magyar
- Pediatrics Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Racz
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen; MTA-DE Neuroscience Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Clara Matesz
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine; Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ervin Wolf
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Botond Gaal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Cassel R, Bordiga P, Carcaud J, Simon F, Beraneck M, Le Gall A, Benoit A, Bouet V, Philoxene B, Besnard S, Watabe I, Pericat D, Hautefort C, Assie A, Tonetto A, Dyhrfjeld-Johnsen J, Llorens J, Tighilet B, Chabbert C. Morphological and functional correlates of vestibular synaptic deafferentation and repair in a mouse model of acute-onset vertigo. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.039115. [PMID: 31213478 PMCID: PMC6679379 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to cochlear primary afferent synapses has been shown to be a key factor in various auditory pathologies. Similarly, the selective lesioning of primary vestibular synapses might be an underlying cause of peripheral vestibulopathies that cause vertigo and dizziness, for which the pathophysiology is currently unknown. To thoroughly address this possibility, we selectively damaged the synaptic contacts between hair cells and primary vestibular neurons in mice through the transtympanic administration of a glutamate receptor agonist. Using a combination of histological and functional approaches, we demonstrated four key findings: (1) selective synaptic deafferentation is sufficient to generate acute vestibular syndrome with characteristics similar to those reported in patients; (2) the reduction of the vestibulo-ocular reflex and posturo-locomotor deficits mainly depends on spared synapses; (3) damaged primary vestibular synapses can be repaired over the days and weeks following deafferentation; and (4) the synaptic repair process occurs through the re-expression and re-pairing of synaptic proteins such as CtBP2 and SHANK-1. Primary synapse repair might contribute to re-establishing the initial sensory network. Deciphering the molecular mechanism that supports synaptic repair could offer a therapeutic opportunity to rescue full vestibular input and restore gait and balance in patients. Summary: The molecular rearrangements of the synaptic proteins that accompany the deafferentation and subsequent reafferentation of the inner ear sensors following an excitotoxic insult are demonstrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaelle Cassel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7260, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - Equipe Physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaires, Marseille, 13000 France
| | - Pierrick Bordiga
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7260, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - Equipe Physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaires, Marseille, 13000 France
| | - Julie Carcaud
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR 8002, CNRS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - François Simon
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR 8002, CNRS, 75006 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Beraneck
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR 8002, CNRS, 75006 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Isabelle Watabe
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7260, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - Equipe Physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaires, Marseille, 13000 France
| | - David Pericat
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7260, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - Equipe Physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaires, Marseille, 13000 France
| | | | - Axel Assie
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM (FR1739), PRATIM, Marseille, 13000 France
| | - Alain Tonetto
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM (FR1739), PRATIM, Marseille, 13000 France
| | | | | | - Brahim Tighilet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7260, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - Equipe Physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaires, Marseille, 13000 France
| | - Christian Chabbert
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7260, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - Equipe Physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaires, Marseille, 13000 France
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Peripheral vestibular plasticity vs central compensation: evidence and questions. J Neurol 2019; 266:27-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cassel R, Wiener-Vacher S, El Ahmadi A, Tighilet B, Chabbert C. Reduced Balance Restoration Capacities Following Unilateral Vestibular Insult in Elderly Mice. Front Neurol 2018; 9:462. [PMID: 29988508 PMCID: PMC6026628 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) is characterized by severe posturo-locomotor and vestibulo-oculomotor impairment and accompanies several types of peripheral vestibulopathies (PVP). We know very little about its etiology, how its various symptoms are expressed and how it evolves with age. Robust repair capabilities of primary vestibular synapses have recently been shown to restore behavioral functionality. In this study, we used a mouse model of an excitotoxically induced unilateral vestibular lesion to compare the ability to restore balance and posture between old and young adult mice. We compared the temporal evolution of the evoked vestibular syndrome using a battery of behavioral tests to follow the evolution of postural-locomotor alterations and equilibrium. For the first time, we show that young adult (3 months) and elderly (22 months) mice are together able to restore normal postural-locomotor function following transient unilateral excitotoxic vestibular insult, though with different time courses. This animal study paves way for future, more detailed studies of how the early postural and locomotor disturbances following a unilateral insult are compensated for by various plasticity mechanisms, and in particular how age influences these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaelle Cassel
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - Equipe physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7260, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvette Wiener-Vacher
- Laboratoire d'Exploration Fonctionnel de l'Équilibre chez l'Enfant, APHP, Université Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - A El Ahmadi
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - Equipe physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7260, Marseille, France
| | - Brahim Tighilet
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - Equipe physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7260, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Chabbert
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - Equipe physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7260, Marseille, France
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Tighilet B, Léonard J, Watabe I, Bernard-Demanze L, Lacour M. Betahistine Treatment in a Cat Model of Vestibular Pathology: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Approaches. Front Neurol 2018; 9:431. [PMID: 29942281 PMCID: PMC6005348 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is a pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) approach using betahistine doses levels in unilateral vestibular neurectomized cats (UVN) comparable to those used in humans for treating patients with Menière's disease. The aim is to investigate for the first time oral betahistine administration (0.2 and 2 mg/kg/day) with plasma concentrations of betahistine and its major metabolite 2-pyridylacetic acid (2-PAA) (N = 9 cats), the time course of posture recovery (N = 13 cats), and the regulation of the enzyme synthesizing histamine (histidine decarboxylase: HDC) in the tuberomammillary nuclei (TMN) of UVN treated animals (N = the same 13 cats plus 4 negative control cats). In addition the effect of co-administration of the lower betahistine dose (0.2 mg/kg/day) and selegiline (1 mg/kg/day), an inhibitor of the monamine oxidase B (MAOBi) implicated in betahistine catabolism was investigated. The PK parameters were the peak concentration (Cmax), the time when the maximum concentration is reached (Tmax) for both betahistine and 2-PAA and the area under the curve (AUC). The PD approach consisted at quantifying the surface support area, which is a good estimation of posture recovery. The plasma concentration-time-profiles of betahistine and 2-PAA in cats were characterized by early Cmax-values followed by a phase of rapid decrease of plasma concentrations and a final long lasting low level of plasma concentrations. Co administration of selegiline and betahistine increased values of Cmax and AUC up to 146- and 180-fold, respectively. The lowest dose of betahistine (0.2 mg/kg) has no effects on postural function recovery but induced an acute symptomatic effect characterized by a fast balance improvement (4–6 days). The higher dose (2 mg/kg) and the co-administration treatment induced both this acute effect plus a significant acceleration of the recovery process. The histaminergic activity of the neurons in the TMN was significantly increased under treatment with the 2 mg/kg betahistine daily dose, but not with the lower dose alone or in combination with selegiline. The results show for the first time that faster balance recovery in UVN treated cats is accompanied with high plasma concentrations of betahistine and 2-PAA, and upregulation of HDC immunopositive neurons in the TMN. The higher betahistine dose gives results similar to those obtained with the lower dose when co-administrated with an inhibitor of betahistine metabolism, selegiline. From a clinical point of view, the study provides new perspectives for Menière's disease treatment, regarding the daily betahistine dose that should be necessary for fast and slow metabolizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Tighilet
- Aix-Marseille Université - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives, UMR 7260, Physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaires, Centre Saint-Charles, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Léonard
- Aix-Marseille Université - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives, UMR 7260, Physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaires, Centre Saint-Charles, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Watabe
- Aix-Marseille Université - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives, UMR 7260, Physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaires, Centre Saint-Charles, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Bernard-Demanze
- Aix-Marseille Université - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives, UMR 7260, Physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaires, Centre Saint-Charles, Marseille, France.,Service ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale Hôpital de la Conception Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Lacour
- Aix-Marseille Université - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives, UMR 7260, Physiopathologie et Thérapie des Désordres Vestibulaires, Centre Saint-Charles, Marseille, France
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Gaboyard-Niay S, Travo C, Saleur A, Broussy A, Brugeaud A, Chabbert C. Correlation between afferent rearrangements and behavioral deficits after local excitotoxic insult in the mammalian vestibule: a rat model of vertigo symptoms. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1181-1192. [PMID: 27483344 PMCID: PMC5087823 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to inner ear afferent terminals is believed to result in many auditory and vestibular dysfunctions. The sequence of afferent injuries and repair, as well as their correlation with vertigo symptoms, remains poorly documented. In particular, information on the changes that take place at the primary vestibular endings during the first hours following a selective insult is lacking. In the present study, we combined histological analysis with behavioral assessments of vestibular function in a rat model of unilateral vestibular excitotoxic insult. Excitotoxicity resulted in an immediate but transient alteration of the balance function that was resolved within a week. Concomitantly, vestibular primary afferents underwent a sequence of structural changes followed by spontaneous repair. Within the first two hours after the insult, a first phase of pronounced vestibular dysfunction coincided with extensive swelling of afferent terminals. In the next 24 h, a second phase of significant but incomplete reduction of the vestibular dysfunction was accompanied by a resorption of swollen terminals and fiber retraction. Eventually, within 1 week, a third phase of complete balance restoration occurred. The slow and progressive withdrawal of the balance dysfunction correlated with full reconstitution of nerve terminals. Competitive re-innervation by afferent and efferent terminals that mimicked developmental synaptogenesis resulted in full re-afferentation of the sensory epithelia. By deciphering the sequence of structural alterations that occur in the vestibule during selective excitotoxic impairment, this study offers new understanding of how a vestibular insult develops in the vestibule and how it governs the heterogeneity of vertigo symptoms. Summary: Early sequence of afferent injury and repair in vestibular sensory epithelium that correlates with balance disorders and functional restoration is detailed in a rodent model of excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Chabbert
- INSERM U1051, Montpellier 34090, France Aix Marseille University UMR 7260, 13331 Marseille, France
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Lo FS, Erzurumlu RS. Sensory Activity-Dependent and Sensory Activity-Independent Properties of the Developing Rodent Trigeminal Principal Nucleus. Dev Neurosci 2016; 38:163-170. [PMID: 27287019 DOI: 10.1159/000446395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The whisker-sensory trigeminal central pathway of rodents is an established model for studies of activity-dependent neural plasticity. The first relay station of the pathway is the trigeminal principal nucleus (PrV), the ventral part of which receives sensory inputs mainly from the infraorbital branch of the maxillary trigeminal nerve (ION). Whisker-sensory afferents play an important role in the development of the morphological and physiological properties of PrV neurons. In neonates, deafferentation by ION transection leads to the disruption of whisker-related neural patterns (barrelettes) and cell death within a specific time window (critical period), as revealed by morphological studies. Whisker-sensory inputs control synaptic elimination, postsynaptic AMPA receptor trafficking, astrocyte-mediated synaptogenesis, and receptive-field characteristics of PrV cells, without a postnatal critical period. Sensory activity-dependent synaptic plasticity requires the activation of NMDA receptors and involves the participation of glia. However, the basic physiological properties of PrV neurons, such as cell type-specific ion channels, presynaptic terminal function, postsynaptic NMDA receptor subunit composition, and formation of the inhibitory circuitry, are independent of sensory inputs. Therefore, the first relay station of the whisker sensation is largely mature-like and functional at birth. Delineation of activity-dependent and activity-independent features of the postnatal PrV is important for understanding the development and functional characteristics of downstream trigeminal stations in the thalamus and neocortex. This mini review focuses on such features of the developing rodent PrV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Sun Lo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
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Lacour M, Bernard-Demanze L. Interaction between Vestibular Compensation Mechanisms and Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy: 10 Recommendations for Optimal Functional Recovery. Front Neurol 2015; 5:285. [PMID: 25610424 PMCID: PMC4285093 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review questions the relationships between the plastic events responsible for the recovery of vestibular function after a unilateral vestibular loss (vestibular compensation), which has been well described in animal models in the last decades, and the vestibular rehabilitation (VR) therapy elaborated on a more empirical basis for vestibular loss patients. The main objective is not to propose a catalog of results but to provide clinicians with an understandable view on when and how to perform VR therapy, and why VR may benefit from basic knowledge and may influence the recovery process. With this perspective, 10 major recommendations are proposed as ways to identify an optimal functional recovery. Among them are the crucial role of active and early VR therapy, coincidental with a post-lesion sensitive period for neuronal network remodeling, the instructive role that VR therapy may play in this functional reorganization, the need for progression in the VR therapy protocol, which is based mainly on adaptation processes, the necessity to take into account the sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional profile of the patient to propose individual or "à la carte" VR therapies, and the importance of motivational and ecologic contexts. More than 10 general principles are very likely, but these principles seem crucial for the fast recovery of vestibular loss patients to ensure good quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lacour
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Intégrative et Adaptative, UMR 7260 CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille, Fédération de Recherche 3C, Centre de St Charles, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Bernard-Demanze
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Intégrative et Adaptative, UMR 7260 CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille, Fédération de Recherche 3C, Centre de St Charles, Marseille, France
- Service d’otorhinolaryngologie et d’otoneurologie, CHU Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Matesz K, Kecskes S, Bácskai T, Rácz É, Birinyi A. Brainstem Circuits Underlying the Prey-Catching Behavior of the Frog. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2014; 83:104-11. [DOI: 10.1159/000357751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal balanced functioning of the human vestibular system is required to achieve an upright stance and locomotion, head and eye stabilization and internal spatial representation; any lesion in this system will disrupt these functions. SCOPE This review synthesizes previous work performed by the author and his research group in both animal models and vestibular defective patients over the last three decades. The author presents both an updated view on the basic mechanisms underlying the two main theories of vestibular compensation and his views on the principles that should guide management and rehabilitation of patients with vestibular loss. FINDINGS Static deficits, following the loss or disruption of vestibular functions, are fully compensated; this is explained by the vestibulo-centric theory that suggests different plastic changes occurring in the vestibular nuclei complexes. In contrast, dynamic deficits remain poorly compensated; the restoration of dynamic vestibular functions results from substitution processes and vicarious strategies. The practical advances in the rehabilitation of vestibular defective patients are as follows: (1) perform rehabilitation at an early stage; (2) favour active retraining; (3) do not use stereotyped rehabilitation programs but adapt exercises to the patients; (4) examine patients in standardized environments; (5) use both static and dynamic tests; and (6) avoid drugs with sedative effects (or limit them to the very acute stage only) and prescribe those accelerating the recovery process (e.g. betahistine dihydrochloride). CONCLUSION Recovery of vestibular function is greatest when early active retraining and adequate pharmacological treatments are used in combination.
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Borel L, Harlay F, Magnan J, Chays A, Lacour M. Deficits and recovery of head and trunk orientation and stabilization after unilateral vestibular loss. Brain 2002; 125:880-94. [PMID: 11912120 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awf085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyse changes in the orientation and stabilization of the head and trunk and their recovery after complete unilateral loss of vestibular information in humans. The ability of nine Ménière's patients to orient and stabilize their heads and trunks in space was investigated during a simple dynamic task of knee-bends and compared with the performance of 10 healthy subjects. Patients' performance was recorded before unilateral vestibular neurotomy (UVN) and during the time-course of recovery (1 week, 1 month, 3 months). Experiments were performed both in eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions to evaluate the role of visual cues in the recovery process. Head and trunk mean angular position (orientation) and mean maximal angular rotation (stabilization) in the roll plane and the yaw plane were recorded using a video motion analysis system. The results indicate that, in the acute stage after UVN (1 week), patients exhibit marked impairments in head and trunk orientation in both visual conditions. In the EC condition, head and trunk were deviated towards the operated side in the roll plane and the yaw plane. Head and trunk stabilization in space was impaired in the roll plane and associated with increased stabilization of the head on the shoulders. Interestingly, vision caused a complete inversion of the orientation pattern, with head and trunk rotations towards the intact side in the roll plane and the yaw plane. Relative to darkness, vision also reduced head and trunk oscillations. Recovery from abnormal head orientation in the light and impaired head stability in both visual conditions was achieved within 1 month and 3 months after UVN, respectively. However, head and trunk orientation in the dark and trunk stabilization in the roll plane remained uncompensated 3 months post-lesion. These results suggest that unilateral vestibular loss leads to a postural syndrome similar to that described previously for various animal species. They confirm the necessity of vestibular inputs for properly stabilizing head and trunk during self-generated displacements in healthy subjects. They also support the notion that vestibular compensation relies on visual cues whose substitution role gradually decreases after UVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Borel
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Intégrative et Adaptative, Université de Provence/CNRS Centre de St Jérôme, Marseille, France.
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Watson SR, Colebatch JG. EMG responses in the soleus muscles evoked by unipolar galvanic vestibular stimulation. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1997; 105:476-83. [PMID: 9448650 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-980x(97)00044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of transmastoid galvanic stimulation with unilateral galvanic stimulation of vestibular afferents. We recorded the effects on soleus EMG occurring at short (SL) and medium (ML) latency, both in normal subjects and in patients with previous unilateral vestibular neurectomy. Unipolar cathodal and anodal stimulation on the same side produced opposite effects for both SL and ML responses. Responses to unilateral cathodal or anodal stimulation were smaller, but otherwise resembled those of transmastoid stimulation with the cathode or the anode placed on the same side, respectively. Unilateral cathodal stimulation resulted in a larger SL response, which occurred at shorter latency than unilateral anodal stimulation. With unipolar stimulation on the side of previous vestibular nerve section, typical SL and ML responses were absent. With stimulation of the intact side, the patients showed smaller SL responses than normal subjects with unilateral stimulation. The larger responses to unilateral cathodal compared to unilateral anodal stimulation are consistent with previous reports that cathodal stimulation produces an increase and anodal a decrease in vestibular nerve firing. The smaller SL responses in the patients may be a consequence of central nervous system reorganization following unilateral vestibular nerve section.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Watson
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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