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Zhang G, Lu D, Guo H, Gao H. Imaging the state-to-state charge-transfer dynamics between the spin-orbit excited Ar +( 2P 1/2) ion and N 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1001. [PMID: 38307864 PMCID: PMC11258295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Ar++N2 → Ar+N2+ has served as a paradigm for charge-transfer dynamics studies during the last several decades. Despite significant experimental and theoretical efforts on this model system, state-resolved experimental investigations on the microscopic charge-transfer mechanism between the spin-orbit excited Ar+(2P1/2) ion and N2 have been rare. Here, we measure the first quantum state-to-state differential cross sections for Ar++N2 → Ar+N2+ with the Ar+ ion prepared exclusively in the spin-orbit excited state 2P1/2 on a crossed-beam setup with three-dimensional velocity-map imaging. Trajectory surface-hopping calculations qualitatively reproduce the vibrationally dependent rotational and angular distributions of the N2+ product. Both the scattering images and theoretical calculations show that the charge-transfer dynamics of the spin-orbit excited Ar+(2P1/2) ion differs significantly from that of the spin-orbit ground Ar+(2P3/2) when colliding with N2. Such state-to-state information makes quantitative understanding of this benchmark charge-transfer reaction within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Hong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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Zhang G, Lu D, Ding Y, Guan L, Han S, Guo H, Gao H. Imaging of the charge-transfer reaction of spin-orbit state-selected Ar +( 2P 3/2) with N 2 reveals vibrational-state-specific mechanisms. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1255-1261. [PMID: 37474867 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer reactions are ubiquitous and play important roles in various gaseous environments, but, despite a long history of extensive research, our understanding of their dynamics at the quantum state-to-state level is still lacking. Here we report quantum-state-resolved experiments for the paradigmatic charge-transfer reaction Ar+ + N2 → Ar + N2+ using a three-dimensional velocity-map imaging crossed-beam apparatus with the Ar+ beam prepared exclusively in the spin-orbit state 2P3/2. High-resolution scattering images show strong dependence of rotational and angular distributions on the vibrational quantum number of the N2+ product. Trajectory surface-hopping calculations, which semi-quantitatively reproduce the experimental observations, support the existence of two distinct charge-transfer mechanisms. One of these, in the dominant N2+(v' = 1) channel, is the well-known long-distance harpooning mechanism. However, the highly rotationally excited products in the forward direction are attributed to a hard-collision glory scattering mechanism, which occurs on account of the strong attraction between the collisional partners counterbalanced by the short-range repulsive interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yufan Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lichang Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanyu Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- International Center for Isotope Effects Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Hong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Trippel S, Stei M, Cox JA, Wester R. Differential scattering cross-sections for the different product vibrational States in the ion-molecule reaction Ar(+)+N2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:163201. [PMID: 23679598 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.163201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The charge transfer reaction Ar(+)+N(2)→Ar+N(2)(+) has been investigated in a crossed-beam experiment in combination with three-dimensional velocity map imaging. Angular-differential state-to-state cross sections were determined as a function of the collision energy. We found that scattering into the first excited vibrational level dominates as expected, but only for scattering in the forward direction. Higher vibrational excitations up to v'=6 have been observed for larger scattering angles. For decreasing collision energy, scattering into higher scattering angles becomes increasingly important for all kinematically allowed quantum states. Our detailed measurements indicate that a quantitative agreement between experiment and theory for this basic ion-molecule reaction now comes within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Trippel
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notke-Strasse 85, 22706 Hamburg, Germany
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Sidis V. Diabatic Potential Energy Surfaces for Charge-Transfer Processes. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141403.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Chapman S. The Classical Trajectory-Surface-Hopping Approach to Charge-Transfer Processes. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141403.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Crossed-Molecular Beam Studies of State-to-State Reaction Dynamics. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141397.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Candori R, Cavalli S, Pirani F, Volpi A, Cappelletti D, Tosi P, Bassi D. Structure and charge transfer dynamics of the (Ar–N2)+ molecular cluster. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1413980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nikitin EE. NONADIABATICTRANSITIONS: What We Learned from Old Masters and How Much We Owe Them. Annu Rev Phys Chem 1999; 50:1-21. [PMID: 15012404 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.50.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This chapter discusses the impact of two-state models of nonadiabatic coupling by Landau, Zener, Stuckelberg, Rosen, and Teller on the current theory of nonadiabatic interaction. In particular, the idea of analytical continuation of classical dynamical variables into complex-valued phase space and time is emphasized. The development of the basic models over the past 30 years has provided us with a useful means of investigating the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics; this is illustrated by the references to our earlier and most recent work.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Nikitin
- Department of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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Langenberg J, Bucur I, Archirel P. Preoptimised VB: a fast method for the ground and excited states of ionic clusters I. Localised preoptimisation for (ArCO)+, (ArN2)+ and N4+. Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(97)00143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Aguillon F, Sizun M, Sidis V, Billing GD, Marković N. Semiclassical coupled wave packet study of the nonadiabatic collisions Ar+(J)+H2: Zero angular momentum case. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tosi P, Dmitrijev O, Bassi D. The charge transfer reaction Ar+ + N2 → N+2 + Ar. Crossed-beam measurements of the integral cross section as a function of the collision energy. Chem Phys Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(92)80079-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ng C. State‐Selected and State‐to‐State Ion‐Molecular Reaction Dynamics by Photoionization and Differential Reactivity Methods. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141397.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Schultz RH, Armentrout P. The charge-transfer reaction N+2 (X, ν = 0) + Ar → Ar+ + N2 from thermal to 20 eV c.m. Chem Phys Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(91)87081-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Viggiano AA, Van Doren JM, Morris RA, Paulson JF. Evidence for an influence of rotational energy on the rate constants for the reaction of Ar+(2P3/2) with N2. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.458666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Flesch GD, Ng CY. Observation of the formation of N+ and ArN+ in the collisions of Ar+(2P3/2,1/2) with N2. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.457934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Parlant G, Gislason EA. Theoretical state‐to‐state cross sections for collisions of N+2(v)+Ar. II. Results at higher energies. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.457584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Non-Adiabatic Molecular Collisions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5655-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Henri G, Lavollée M, Dutuit O, Ozenne JB, Guyon PM, Gislason EA. State‐selected ion–molecule reactions: N+2(v)+H2→N2+H+2 and Ar+(2PJ) +H2→Ar+H+2. J Chem Phys 1988. [DOI: 10.1063/1.454475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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