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Nellissen AC, Fron E, Vandenwijngaerden JBF, De Feyter S, Mertens SFL, Van der Auweraer M. Spectroscopic Characterization of Thiacarbocyanine Dye Molecules Adsorbed on Hexagonal Boron Nitride: a Time-Resolved Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35638-35652. [PMID: 37810698 PMCID: PMC10552479 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Physisorption on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) gained interest over the years thanks to its properties (chemically and thermally stable, insulating properties, etc.) and similarities to the well-known graphene. A recent study showed flat-on adsorption of several cationic thiacarbocyanine dyes on hBN with a tendency to form weakly coupled H- or I-type aggregates, while a zwitterionic thiacarbocyanine dye rather led to a tilted adsorption. With this in-depth time-resolved study using the TC-SPC technique, we confirm the results proven by adsorption isotherms, atomic force microscopy, and stationary state spectroscopy combined with molecular mechanics simulations and estimation of the corresponding exciton interaction. The absence of a systematic trend for the dependence of the decay times, normalized amplitudes of the decay components, and contribution of different components to the stationary emission spectra upon the emission wavelength observed for all studied dyes and coverages suggests the occurrence of a single emitting species. At low coverage levels, the non-mono-exponential character of the decays was attributed to adsorption on different sites characterized by different intramolecular rotational freedom or energy transfer to nonfluorescent traps or a combination of both. The difference between the decay rates of the four dyes reflects a different density of the nonfluorescent traps. Although the decay time of the unquenched dyes was in the order of magnitude of that of dye monomers in a rigid environment, it is also compatible with weakly coupled aggregates such as proposed earlier based on the stationary spectra. Hence, the adsorption leads to a rigid environment of the dyes, blocking internal conversion. Increasing the concentration of the dye solution from which the adsorption on hBN occurs increases not only the coverage of the hBN surface but also the extent of energy transfer to nonfluorescent traps. For TDC (5,5-dichloro-3-3'-diethyl-9-ethyl-thiacarbocyanine) and TD2 (3-3'-diethyl-9-ethyl-thiacarbocyanine), besides direct energy transfer to traps, exciton hopping between dye dimers followed by energy transfer to these traps occurs, which resulted in a decreasing decay time of the longest decaying component. For all dyes, it was also possible to analyze the fluorescence decays as a stretched exponential as would be expected for energy transfer to randomly distributed traps in a two-dimensional (2D) geometry. This analysis yielded a fluorescence decay time of the unquenched dyes similar to the longest decay time obtained by analysis of the fluorescence decays as a sum of three of four exponentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Charlotte Nellissen
- Laboratory
for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU
Leuven, Chem & Tech,
Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eduard Fron
- Laboratory
for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU
Leuven, Chem & Tech,
Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Steven De Feyter
- Laboratory
for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU
Leuven, Chem & Tech,
Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn F. L. Mertens
- Department
of Chemistry, Energy Lancaster and Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Laboratory
for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, KU
Leuven, Chem & Tech,
Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Kulinich AV, Ishchenko AA, Bondarev SL, Knyukshto VN. Low-Temperature Effect on the Electronic Structure and Spectral-Fluorescent Properties of Highly Dipolar Merocyanines. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9645-9652. [PMID: 30452263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Absorption and fluorescence spectra of a vinylogous series of reversely solvatochromic merocyanines based on benzimidazole and malononitrile have been studied in frozen ethanol solutions at 77 K. It is found that they possess negative thermochromism-in contrast to both positively solvatochromic merocyanines and negatively solvatochromic symmetrical ionic polymethines-and even stronger negative thermofluorochromism. It has been deduced from the spectral data that at low temperature their electronic structure becomes more dipolar, deviating substantially from the virtual ideal polymethine in both the ground and the excited states. At that, owing probably to the high polarity and ordering of frozen ethanol, the dipolarity of the studied merocyanines increases with the polymethine chain lengthening-the tendency not observed for them in common solvents. The conclusions, based on the spectral data analysis, have been verified by the (TD)DFT-PCM simulations of the dyes within the four-level scheme of electronic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii V Kulinich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Murmanska Street 5 , Kyiv 02660 , Ukraine
| | - Alexander A Ishchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Murmanska Street 5 , Kyiv 02660 , Ukraine
| | - Stanislav L Bondarev
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Nezalezhnasti Avenue 68-2 , Minsk 220072 , Republic of Belarus
| | - Valery N Knyukshto
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Nezalezhnasti Avenue 68-2 , Minsk 220072 , Republic of Belarus
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Dirix L, Kennes K, Fron E, Debyser Z, van der Auweraer M, Hofkens J, Rocha S. Photoconversion of Far-Red Organic Dyes: Implications for Multicolor Super-Resolution Imaging. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lieve Dirix
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F bus 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences; KU Leuven; Kapucijnenvoer 33 VCTB+5 bus 7001 B-3000 Leuven
| | - Koen Kennes
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F bus 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Eduard Fron
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F bus 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Zeger Debyser
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences; KU Leuven; Kapucijnenvoer 33 VCTB+5 bus 7001 B-3000 Leuven
| | - Mark van der Auweraer
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F bus 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F bus 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Susana Rocha
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F bus 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
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Sathish V, Ramdass A, Thanasekaran P, Lu KL, Rajagopal S. Aggregation-induced phosphorescence enhancement (AIPE) based on transition metal complexes—An overview. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Enseki T, Yao H. Controlled Formation of Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles of Carbocyanine Dye via Ion-association Approach. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Enseki
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo
| | - Hiroshi Yao
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo
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McPhee JT, Scott E, Levinger NE, Van Orden A. Cy3 in AOT Reverse Micelles I. Dimer Formation Revealed through Steady-State and Time-Resolved Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:9576-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200126f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T. McPhee
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eric Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Nancy E. Levinger
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Alan Van Orden
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Abstract
H-aggregates of the cyanine dye Cy5 are formed during covalent linkage to the cationic macromolecule Poly(allylamine) (PAH). The nonfluorescent H-aggregates strongly restrict the usage of the dye for analytical purposes and prevent a quantitative determination of the labeled macromolecules. The behavior of the H-aggregates has been studied by investigation of the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the dye polymer in dependence on solvent, label degree and additional sulfonate groups. H-aggregate formation is caused by an inhomogeneous distribution of the Cy5 molecules on the polymer chain. The H-aggregates can be destroyed by conformational changes of the PAH induced by interactions with polyanions or in organic solvents. It has been found that the polymer labeling process in high content of organic solvents can prevent the formation of H-aggregates. The results offer a better understanding and improvement of the use of the Cy5 dye for labeling purposes in fluorescence detection of macromolecules.
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Zhang X, Sumiya S, Shiraishi Y, Hirai T. Effects of alkyl chain length on Cu(II)-selective green fluorescence of rhodamine–diacetic acid conjugates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kolaric B, Sliwa M, Vallée R, Van der Auweraer M. Polymer–dye interactions as a tool for studying phase transitions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Zhang X, Shiraishi Y, Hirai T. Cu(II)-Selective Green Fluorescence of a Rhodamine−Diacetic Acid Conjugate. Org Lett 2007; 9:5039-42. [PMID: 17975919 DOI: 10.1021/ol7022714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shiraishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hirai
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
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Rösch U, Yao S, Wortmann R, Würthner F. Fluorescent H-Aggregates of Merocyanine Dyes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:7026-30. [PMID: 17013950 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Rösch
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Physikalische Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Rösch U, Yao S, Wortmann R, Würthner F. Fluorescent H-Aggregates of Merocyanine Dyes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Tian CH, Liu DJ, Gronheid R, Van der Auweraer M, De Schryver FC. Mesoscopic organization of two-dimensional J-aggregates of thiacyanine in Langmuir-Schaefer films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:11569-11576. [PMID: 15595785 DOI: 10.1021/la048449j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When dioctadecyl dimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) is compressed on a subphase containing 3,3'-disulfopropyl-5,5'-dichlorothiacyanine (THIAMS), adsorption of the dye to the DODAB monolayer results in the formation of J-aggregates which spontaneously organize into polygonal domains of micron size. The features of the domains depend on the surface pressure. The fluorescence of the individual domains is polarized. The shapes of the domains determined by fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are identical. The domains differ however significantly from those observed after injection of a 3,3'-disulfopropyl-5,5'-dichloro-9-ethylthiacarbocyanine (THIATS) or THIAMS solution below a precompressed DODAB film, as well as from the domains observed upon compression of a DODAB monolayer on a subphase containing 10(-6) M THIATS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Tian
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke University Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Terech P, Meerschaut D, Desvergne JP, Colomes M, Bouas-Laurent H. 2,3-di-n-decyloxy-6,7-dichloroanthracene (Cl2DDOA), a new low-molecular-mass fluorescent organogelator: physical properties and structures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 261:441-50. [PMID: 16256554 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2002] [Accepted: 01/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To extend the family of 2,3-didecyloxyanthracene (DDOA, 1), an organogelator having a rodlike shape, a high polarity, and fluorescing properties, the 6,7-dichloro derivative (Cl2DDOA, 2), was designed and prepared. Compound 2 forms gels in alcohols, nitriles, and alkanes. The electronic absorption spectra of the gel show a finer structure than those of the isotropic solutions, pointing to a specific degree of packing of the molecules; such an aggregation mode is also supported by fluorescence data. The gel-to-sol temperatures (Tm) were determined as a function of gelator concentration and the corresponding enthalpies (DeltaHm) were extracted. Scattering experiments have shown that the molecular packing in aggregates of 2 organogels is less reminiscent of the crystalline state than was the situation with DDOA gels. 2 organogels in butanol are made up of 120 A radius fibers much thinner than those observed in DDOA gels (r ca. 300 A) and with rather monodisperse cross sections. In 1-octanol, dodecane, or cyclohexane, the fibrillar organogel networks involve a broader distribution of the related cross sections through anisometric sections of the fibers and/or formation of bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Terech
- UMR 5819, CEA-Grenoble, Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 09, France.
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15
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Ecoffet C, Markovitsi D, Millié P, Lemaistre JP. Electronic excitations in organized molecular systems. A model for columnar aggregates of ionic compounds. Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(93)85028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Feller KH, Gadonas R, Krasauskas V, Pelakauskas A. Picosecond absorption spectroscopy of polymethine dimers. J Mol Struct 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(92)80057-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Verschuere B, Van der Auweraer M, De Schryver F. A spectroscopic and photo-electrochemical investigation of xanthene dyes incorporated in Langmuir-Blodgett films. Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(91)90038-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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