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Huang X, Orimoto Y, Aoki Y. Theoretical design of durable and strong polycarbonates against photodegradation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 26:57-61. [PMID: 38073576 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03533f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation mechanism of polycarbonate (PC) was investigated by quantum chemistry, and a novel antidegradation molecular design using substituents was proposed. It was demonstrated that electron-withdrawing substituents in the phenyl moiety controlled bond alternation, leading to inhibition of the O-C bond cleavage in the carbonate moiety. These results provide a promising alternative for durable PC synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Orimoto
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Yuriko Aoki
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
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Huang X, Orimoto Y, Aoki Y. Theoretical Analysis of Properties of Ground and Excited States for Photodissociation of the C-O Bond in Polycarbonates. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6662-6673. [PMID: 34319114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations were carried out to investigate the properties of the ground state (GS) and the excited state (ES) of bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC) with bisphenol-A hydrogen carbonate (BPAHC) as a model compound. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) was used to obtain the absorption spectrum and the corresponding transition natures of BPAHC. Furthermore, the ESs related to the transitions of the carbonate group and neighboring phenyl ring were optimized employing the TDDFT method for photodegradation. Our results showed that the carbonate group is broken at an ES with relatively high energy, which has a significant C-O bond cleavage within the carbonate group compared to that of GS geometry. The carbonate group C-O bond cleavage is caused by two reasons. One is the transition from the O lone pair to the carbonate π anti-bonding which is commonly known, and the other one is the transition from the O lone pair to the phenyl group (adjacent to the carbonate group) π anti-bonding that is newly proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Orimoto
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yuriko Aoki
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 4-1-8 Hon-chou, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Wang L, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhang B. Dispersion-induced structural preference in the ultrafast dynamics of diphenyl ether. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18093-18098. [PMID: 35517230 PMCID: PMC9053750 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersion interactions are omnipresent in large aromatic systems and influence the dynamics as intermolecular forces. The structural preference induced by dispersion interactions is demonstrated to influence the excited state dynamics of diphenyl ether (DPE) using femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption (TA) associated with quantum chemical calculations. The experimental results in aprotic solvents show that the S1 state is populated upon irradiation at 267 nm with excess vibrational energy dissipating to solvent molecules in several picoseconds, and then decays via internal conversion (IC) within 50 ps as well as intersystem crossing (ISC) and fluorescence with a lifetime of nanoseconds. The polarity of the solvent disturbs the excited state energies and enhances the energy barriers of the ISC channel. Furthermore, the intermolecular dispersion interactions with protic solvents result in the OH–π isomer dominating in methanol and the OH–O isomer is slightly preferred in t-butanol in the ground state. The hydrogen bonded isomer measurements show an additional change from OH–O to OH–π geometry in the first 1 ps besides the relaxation processes in aprotic solvents. The time constants measured in the TA spectra suggest that the OH–O isomer facilitates IC. The results show that the OH–π isomer has a more rigid structure and a higher barrier for IC, making it harder to reach the geometric conical intersection through conformer rearrangement. This work enables us to have a good knowledge of how the structural preference induced by dispersion interactions affects excited state dynamics of the heteroaromatic compounds. Dispersion interactions are omnipresent in large aromatic systems and influence the dynamics as intermolecular forces.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430071
- China
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Toldo JM, Barbatti M, Gonçalves PFB. A three-state model for the photo-Fries rearrangement. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19103-19108. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03777e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo-Fries rearrangement plays a central role in synthesis, but it is still unclear how it works. A three-state model can explain it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josene M. Toldo
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre-RS
- Brazil
- Aix Marseille Univ
| | | | - Paulo F. B. Gonçalves
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre-RS
- Brazil
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Harris SJ, Murdock D, Grubb MP, Greetham GM, Clark IP, Towrie M, Ashfold MNR. Transient electronic and vibrational absorption studies of the photo-Claisen and photo-Fries rearrangements. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52893f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Karsili TNV, Wenge AM, Marchetti B, Ashfold MNR. Symmetry matters: photodissociation dynamics of symmetrically versus asymmetrically substituted phenols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:588-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53450b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Varras PC, Zarkadis AK. Ground- and triplet excited-state properties correlation: a computational CASSCF/CASPT2 approach based on the photodissociation of allylsilanes. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:1425-34. [PMID: 22208892 DOI: 10.1021/jp209583z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state properties, although extremely useful, are hardly accessible. One indirect way would be to derive them from relationships to ground-state properties which are usually more readily available. Herewith, we present quantitative correlations between triplet excited-state (T₁) properties (bond dissociation energy, D₀(T₁), homolytic activation energy, E(a)(T₁), and rate constant, k(r)) and the ground-state bond dissociation energy (D₀), taking as an example the photodissociation of the C-Si bond of simple substituted allylsilanes CH₂=CHC(R¹R²)-SiH₃ (R¹ and R² = H, Me, and Et). By applying the complete-active-space self-consistent field CASSCF(6,6) and CASPT2(6,6) quantum chemical methodologies, we have found that the consecutive introduction of Me/Et groups has little effect on the geometry and energy of the T₁ state; however, it reduces the magnitudes of D₀, D₀(T₁) and E(a)(T₁). Moreover, these energetic parameters have been plotted giving good linear correlations: D₀(T₁) = α₁ + β₁ · D₀, E(a)(T₁) = α₂ + β₂ · D₀(T₁), and E(a)(T₁) = α₃ + β₃ · D₀ (α and β being constants), while k(r) correlates very well to E(a)(T₁). The key factor behind these useful correlations is the validity of the Evans-Polanyi-Semenov relation (second equation) and its extended form (third equation) applied for excited systems. Additionally, the unexpectedly high values obtained for E(a)(T₁) demonstrate a new application of the principle of nonperfect synchronization (PNS) in excited-state chemistry issues.
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Gohdo M, Takamasu T, Wakasa M. Photochemical primary process of photo-Fries rearrangement reaction of 1-naphthyl acetate as studied by MFEprobe. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:755-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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9
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Gohdo M, Wakasa M. Reexamination of the Photochemical Primary Process of Photo-Fries Rearrangement Reaction as Studied by MFE Probe. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Griesser T, Höfler T, Jakopic G, Belzik M, Kern W, Trimmel G. Refractive index modulation in polymers bearing photoreactive phenyl and naphthyl ester units using different UV wavelengths. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b903410b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Ibănescu BC, Allan M. A dramatic difference between the electron-driven dissociation of alcohols and ethers and its relation to Rydberg states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:5232-7. [PMID: 18728865 DOI: 10.1039/b806578k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A difference was observed in the reactivity of alcohols and ethers toward free electrons. Whereas the lowest core-excited state of the negative ion-a 2(n,3s2) Feshbach resonance-of the alcohols readily dissociates by losing a hydrogen atom, ethers show no observable signal from this resonance. This difference in reactivity has a parallel in the anomalous shapes and energies of the parent states of the Feshbach resonances, the 1(n,3s) Rydberg states of the neutral alcohols. We explained this anomaly using potential surfaces of the alcohols and ethers calculated using the TD-DFT method as a function of the dissociation coordinate. The lowest excited state of alcohols was found to be repulsive, whereas a barrier to dissociation was found in the ethers. Rydberg-valence mixing and avoided crossings are decisive in determining the shapes of the potential surfaces. It is concluded that the reactivities of alcohols and ethers toward free electrons are rationalized by assuming that the potential surfaces of the daughter Feshbach resonances closely follow those of the parent Rydberg states, i.e., the lowest Feshbach resonance is repulsive, but a barrier occurs in ethers. The potential surfaces of both the Rydberg states and the Feshbach resonances thus differ dramatically from the non-dissociative surface of the grandparent 2(n(-1)) positive ions, despite the nominally non-bonding character of the Rydberg electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan C Ibănescu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Höfler T, Grießer T, Gruber M, Jakopic G, Trimmel G, Kern W. Photo-Fries Rearrangement in Polymeric Media: An Investigation on Fully Aromatic Esters Containing the Naphthyl Chromophore. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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14
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Thiel W. Perspectives on Semiempirical Molecular Orbital Theory. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141526.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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The photochemical rearrangement of aromatic ethers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Yamaji M, Inomata S, Nakajima S, Akiyama K, Tobita S, Marciniak B. Photoinduced ω-Bond Dissociation in the Higher Excited Singlet (S2) and Lowest Triplet (T1) States of a Benzophenone Derivative in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:3843-8. [PMID: 16833700 DOI: 10.1021/jp0506641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical properties of photoinduced omega-bond dissociation in p-benzoylbenzyl phenyl sulfide (BBPS) in solution were investigated by time-resolved EPR and laser flash photolysis techniques. BBPS was shown to undergo photoinduced omega-bond cleavage to yield the p-benzoylbenzyl radical (BBR) and phenyl thiyl radical (PTR) at room temperature. The quantum yield (phi(rad)) for the radical formation was found to depend on the excitation wavelength, i.e., on the excitation to the excited singlet states, S2 and S1 of BBPS; phi(rad)(S2) = 0.65 and phi(rad)(S1) = 1.0. Based on the CIDEP data, these radicals were found to be produced via the triplet state independent of excitation wavelength. By using triplet sensitization of xanthone, the efficiency (alpha(rad)) of the C-S bond fission in the lowest triplet state (T1) of BBPS was determined to be unity. The agreement between phi(rad)(S1) and alpha(rad) values indicates that the C-S bond dissociation occurs in the T1 state via the S1 state due to a fast intersystem crossing from the S1 to the T1 state. In contrast, the wavelength dependence of the radical yields was interpreted in terms of the C-S bond cleavage in the S2 state competing with internal conversion from the S2 to the S1 state. The smaller value of phi(rad)(S2) than that of phi(rad)(S1) was proposed to originate from the geminate recombination of singlet radical pairs produced by the bond dissociation via the S2 state. Considering the electronic character of the excited and dissociative states in BBPS showed a schematic energy diagram for the omega-bond dissociation of BBPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Yamaji
- Department of Chemistry, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan.
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Lochbrunner S, Zissler M, Piel J, Riedle E, Spiegel A, Bach T. Real time observation of the photo-Fries rearrangement. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:11634-9. [PMID: 15268197 DOI: 10.1063/1.1752885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The photo-Fries rearrangement of 4-tert-butylphenyl acetate dissolved in cyclohexane is investigated by two-color femtosecond pump probe spectroscopy. The spectral transmission changes are characterized in the visible and ultraviolet spectral region and allow for the first time to temporally resolve the primary reaction steps. We find that the photoinduced homolytic cleavage of the CO bond occurs within 2 ps and that the geminate recombination of the generated radical pair to the intermediate substituted cyclohexadienone takes 13 ps. The experimental results support a model in which the initial reaction proceeds from the originally excited pipi(*) state via a barrier to a dissociative pisigma(*) state.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lochbrunner
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Sektion Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany.
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Budyka MF, Zyubina TS, Zarkadis AK. Correlating ground and excited state properties: a quantum chemical study of the photodissociation of the C–N bond in N-substituted anilines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(02)00366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Adam W, Arnold MA, Nau WM, Pischel U, Saha-Möller CR. A comparative photomechanistic study (spin trapping, EPR spectroscopy, transient kinetics, photoproducts) of nucleoside oxidation (dG and 8-oxodG) by triplet-excited acetophenones and by the radicals generated from alpha-oxy-substituted derivatives through Norrish-type I cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:3893-904. [PMID: 11942826 DOI: 10.1021/ja017600y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photooxidation of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) and its derivative 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) by a series of acetophenones (AP-X) and benzophenone (BP) has been studied. The favorable absorption characteristics of the benzoyl chromophore enables time-resolved spectroscopy of the triplet ketones to assess their quenching kinetics by dG and 8-oxodG. Whereas the photolysis of acetophenone (AP), 2-acetoxyacetophenone (AP-OAc), and benzophenone (BP) does not produce radicals (group A ketones), the oxymethyl-substituted derivatives 2-hydroxyacetophenone (AP-OH) and 2-tert-butoxyacetophenone (AP-O(t)Bu) lead to carbon-centered radicals by alpha cleavage (group B ketones). For the latter ketones, this was confirmed by EPR studies with the spin trap 5,5-dimethylpyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) and by their triplet lifetimes that were shorter than those for the unsubstituted acetophenone. Both groups of ketones photooxidize dG and 8-oxodG; the oxidation products are spiroiminodihydantoin and guanidine-releasing products (GRP) in the case of dG and AP-OH also 8-oxodG. In the presence of O(2), the photooxidation by the group A ketones is efficient at high dG or 8-oxodG concentrations, whereas the group B ketones photooxidize dG and 8-oxodG also at low substrate concentrations. These results imply that peroxyl radicals are responsible for the photooxidation by the group B ketones, which are formed by alpha cleavage of the triplet ketone and subsequent O(2) trapping of the carbon-centered radicals. At higher dG concentrations, direct electron transfer from dG to the triplet ketone, as observed for the group A ketones, competes with the radical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Adam
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Adam W, Arnold MA, Grüne M, Nau WM, Pischel U, Saha-Möller CR. Spiroiminodihydantoin is a major product in the photooxidation of 2'-deoxyguanosine by the triplet states and oxyl radicals generated from hydroxyacetophenone photolysis and dioxetane thermolysis. Org Lett 2002; 4:537-40. [PMID: 11843585 DOI: 10.1021/ol017138m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Photolysis of hydroxyacetophenone and thermolysis of the corresponding dioxetane afford spiroiminodihydantoin rather than 4,8-dihydro-4-hydroxy-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (4-HO-8-oxodG) through the oxidation of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) by triplet-excited hydroxyacetophenone and the peroxyl radicals derived thereof by alpha cleavage and subsequent oxygen trapping. The structure of the spiroiminodihydantoin is assigned by the SELINQUATE NMR technique, which unequivocally establishes the spirocyclic connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Adam
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Investigation of the photo-Fries rearrangement reactions of 1- and 2-naphthyl acetates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(97)00190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Gritsan NP, Tsentalovich YP, Yurkovskaya AV, Sagdeev RZ. Laser Flash Photolysis and CIDNP Studies of 1-Naphthyl Acetate Photo-Fries Rearrangement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp952315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina P. Gritsan
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion and Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuri P. Tsentalovich
- International Tomography Center, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, and Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra V. Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, and Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Renad Z. Sagdeev
- International Tomography Center, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, and Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Switzerland
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Pohlers G, Dreeskamp H, Grimme S. The mechanism of photochemical CO or CS bond cleavage in aryl (thio) ethers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(95)04239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization and fluorescence spectroscopy studies of the CO bond cleavage of α- and β-1,1-dimethylallyl-naphthylether. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(93)03748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Grimme S. MRD-CI studies of vertical excitation energies of unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules. J Comput Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.540150406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Grimme G, Boldt P, Grimme S, Jones PG. AM1 and X-ray Studies of the Structures and Isomerization Reactions of Indigo Dyes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19931260423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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